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Slide 1: SCORM 2004 Photoshop Examples Version 1.1
Slide 2: Photoshop Course Examples • Same content – sequenced several ways using varying instructional strategies – No Sequencing rules – Linear • Linear Controls – Linear Choice – Constrained Choice – Knowledge Paced • Knowledge Paced Reuse – Remediation – Competency Assessment
Slide 3: Why? • Provide use cases of learning content to the ADL Technical Team that provide proof of concept of SCORM 2004 Sequencing (derived from the IMS Simple Sequencing Specification 1.0) • Provide a preview of SCORM 2004 features: – SCORM Sequencing – SCORM Run-Time Data Model (Based on the IEEE Data Model) – SCORM Navigation Data Model – Examples of LMS and content provided navigation controls
Slide 4: What? • The Photoshop Tutorial – Granted to ADL by the Institute for Interactive Technologies (Bloomsburg University, an ADL partner) – Subjected to the ISD process – A part of the VTHC (Virtual Training Help Center): Bloomsburg University, Lock Haven University, Mansfield University, Millersville University and Shippensburg University joined to develop an interdisciplinary training to be used by faculty and staff to foster the use of distance learning technologies – Designed in such a way as to serve as demonstration lessons for the use of instructional technology
Slide 5: How? • Used original content and course design • Developed assessments (pre and post) • Repurposed the tutorial to be SCORM 2004 Conformant • Created textual and visual representations of learning design and sequencing frameworks • Mapped these frameworks to an activity tree for sequencing
Slide 6: Implementation Notes • This version (1.1) of these examples includes minor updates to reflect changes described in the SCORM 2004 2nd Edition • The sequencing strategies are described using narrative language as given by an instructional designer. • The diagrams that follow depict the ‘basic’ structure of the content aggregations used to implement the sequencing strategies. • The actual XML encoding of the sequencing strategies can be found in the corresponding imsmanifest.xml file.
Slide 7: No Sequencing Rules Photoshop Example -- None Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9
Slide 8: Photoshop – No Sequencing • Basic SCORM 2004 Content Package – no explicit sequencing information specified in the manifest • When no sequencing information is defined for a content aggregation the learner is free to choose learning activities at will, in any order, without any restrictions on number of attempts • LMS shall provide some user interface devices that enable selection of learning activities
Slide 9: Linear Photoshop Example -- Linear Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9
Slide 10: Linear • The learner must progress through the content aggregation in a pre-determined order • The learner will encounter the introduction first, then all modules and lessons in a linear order, directed by the LMS • There is always the option to “go back” to view previous lessons, but the learner cannot proceed forward until completing the current lesson • Each module is complete when all of its lessons are complete. There are no module exams, only a comprehensive exam after all of the modules are completed
Slide 11: Linear w/ Sequencing Information Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied; Not Satisfied if any Not Satisfied; Exit Rules: Exit if completed Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Photoshop Example -- Linear Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: Completed if all attempted Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9
Slide 12: Linear with Controls Photoshop Example — Linear Controls Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9
Slide 13: Linear with Controls • This example illustrates the same sequencing strategy as Linear, but the content is structured differently – Individual lessons are not part of the content aggregation, they are embedded in various Module SCOs – The LMS does not provide navigation controls, the Module SCOs provide them – Lesson to Lesson (intra-SCO) navigation is handled by the Module SCOs – Module to Module (inter-SCO) navigation is handled by the LMS through the navigation data model.
Slide 14: Linear with Controls w/ Sequencing Information Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: Completed if all attempted Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied; Not Satisfied if any Not Satisfied; Exit Rules: Exit if completed Photoshop Example — Linear Controls Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Question 1 Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false; Presentation: Hide Previous and Hide Continue Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 FOR EACH QUESTION Presentation: Hide Previous and Hide Continue
Slide 15: Linear Choice Photoshop Example — Linear Choice Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Module 1 - Exam Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Module 2 - Exam Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Module 3 - Exam Question 7 Question 8 Question 4 Question 5 Question 9 Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 6
Slide 16: Linear Choice • • • The learner must experience and complete the introduction first, and then is presented with a menu of module choices – the learner must select a module After selecting a module, the module’s lessons are presented in a predefined order; the learner cannot ‘jump’ (select) individual lessons, specific modules, or specific module exams After selecting or ‘flowing’ into a module exam, the learner must attempt each question in order. While experiencing a module exam, the learner cannot choose to exit the module exam before completing it Before completing the module the learner must attempt and complete the module’s exam The learner is not permitted to attempt any module more than once The course is complete after the learner attempts all of the modules • • •
Slide 17: Linear Choice w/ Sequencing Information Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied ; Not Satisfied if any not satisfied; Exit Rules: exit if completed Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; ChoiceExit = false; Pre Condition Rules: Disable if completed; Exit Rules: Exit if completed Photoshop Example — Linear Choice Limit Conditions: Attempt Limit = 1; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Module 1 - Exam Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Module 2 - Exam Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Module 3 - Exam Question 7 Question 8 Question 4 Question 5 Question 9 FOR EACH LESSON Delivery Controls: Tracked = false Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 6 Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; ChoiceExit = false; Forward Only = true; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: Completed if all attempted
Slide 18: Constrained Choice Photoshop Example — Constrained Choice Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Module 1 - Exam Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Module 2 - Exam Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Module 3 - Exam Question 7 Question 8 Question 4 Question 5 Question 9 Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 6
Slide 19: Constrained Choice • The learner must experience and complete the introduction first, and then is presented with a menu of module and lesson choices – the learner must select a module or a lesson • The learner can ‘jump’ (select) individual lessons and specific modules within the range of the constrained choice – only one module before and after the current module • After selecting a module or a lesson, the module’s lessons are presented in a predefined order; however, the learner can also ‘jump’ to (select) other lessons in any order
Slide 20: Constrained Choice (cont.) • The module exams cannot be selected by the learner • After selecting or ‘flowing’ into a module exam, the learner must attempt each question in order. While experiencing a module exam, the learner cannot choose to exit the module exam before completing it • Before completing the module the learner must attempt the module’s exam • The course is complete after the learner attempts all of the modules
Slide 21: Constrained Choice w/ Sequencing Information Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied ; Not Satisfied if any not satisfied; Exit Rules: exit if completed Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true Exit Rules: Exit if completed; Constrained Choice Considerations: Constrained Choice = true Photoshop Example — Constrained Choice Limit Conditions: Attempt Limit = 1; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Module 1 - Exam Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Module 2 - Exam Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Module 3 - Exam Question 7 Question 8 Question 4 Question 5 Question 9 FOR EACH LESSON Delivery Controls: Tracked = false Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 6 Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; ChoiceExit = false; Forward Only = true; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: Completed if all attempted
Slide 22: Knowledge Paced Photoshop Example — Knowledge Paced Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Summary Module 1 Pretest Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Module 1 Lessons Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Module 1 Post Test Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Module 2 Pretest Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Module 2 Lessons Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/ Contrast Module 3 Pretest Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Module 3 Lessons Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Module 3 Post Test Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Module 2 Post Test Question 4 Question 5 Question 6
Slide 23: Knowledge Paced • The learner must experience and complete the introduction and then may proceed to the module 1 pre-test, select another module pre-test, or select a lesson. • The learner may ‘jump’ between modules, selecting pre-tests or lessons in any order • Module post tests are not selectable by the learner; they are only encountered after ‘flowing’ through the modules lessons. • After selecting or ‘flowing’ into an exam (pre or post), the learner must attempt each question in order. While experiencing a module exam, the learner cannot choose to exit the module exam before completing it • If the learner passes an exam (pre or post), the module’s learning objective has been satisfied and the module’s post-test becomes disabled
Slide 24: Knowledge Paced (cont.) • The learner may continue to select individual lessons for the duration of the course, even after a module’s objective has been satisfied • If the learner does not pass the exam, the learner is directed to that module’s instructional content, and once completed, must retake the module exam (posttest) • After all of the modules have been attempted, a summary of the learner’s results is presented • The course is completed after the learner reviews the course summary
Slide 25: Knowledge Paced Limit Conditions: Attempt Limit = 1; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false w/ Sequencing Information Photoshop Example — Knowledge Paced Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied ; Not Satisfied if any not satisfied; Exit Rules: Exit if completed Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Exit Rules: exit if completed Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Summary Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Primary Objective = obj_module_3 FOR EACH PRETEST Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Choice Exit = false; Forward Only = true; Limit Condition: Attempt Limit = 1; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: completed if all attempted; Precondition Rule: skip if satisfied; disabled if completed Rollup Considerations: Required for Completed = if not skipped Module 1 Pretest Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Module 1 Lessons Lesson 1: Interface Module 2 Pretest Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Module 3 Pretest Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Primary Objective = obj_module_3 Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Module 2 Lessons Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/ Contrast Module 3 Lessons Lesson 8: Selection Tools FOR EACH LESSONS Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false; Rollup Progress Completion = false; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Lesson 9: Transform Primary Objective = obj_module_3 Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Module 3 Post Test Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Module 2 Post Test Question 4 Question 5 Module 1 Post Test Question 1 Question 6 Question 2 FOR EACH POST TEST Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Choice Exit = false; Forward Only = true; Question 3 Limit Condition: Attempt Limit = 1; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: completed if all attempted; Precondition Rules: skip if satisfied; hidden from choice if always Rollup Considerations: Measure Satisfaction if Active = false; Required for Completed = if Attempted
Slide 26: Knowledge Paced with Reuse • This example illustrates the same sequencing strategy as Knowledge Paced, but sequencing information is reused – – – – Pretest Module Lessons Posttest
Slide 27: Remediation Photoshop Example -- Remediation Additional Activities Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Part 1 Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Part 2 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Part 3 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Continued on next diagram
Slide 28: Remediation Photoshop Example -Remediation (cont.) Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Final Exam Part 1 Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Part 2 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Part 3 Question 7 Question 8 Continued from previous diagram Question 9
Slide 29: Photoshop - Remediation • The learner must experience and complete the introduction, and then follows a ‘linear’ approach (described previously in the Linear Example) • If the learner passes (meets all of the module objectives) the comprehensive exam, the course is completed • For each section of the exam (module objective) that is “not satisfied”, the learner is directed to that associated Module(s) of instructional content, and once completed, must retake the Module Exam(s)
Slide 30: Remediation w/ Sequencing Information Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied; Not Satisfied if any Not Satisfied; Exit Rules: Exit if completed Photoshop Example -- Remediation Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Additional Activities Introduction Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Part 1 Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Part 2 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Forward Only = true; Precondition Rules: disabled if completed; Primary Objective = obj_module_3 Part 3 Question 7 Question 8 Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Forward Only = true; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: Completed if all attempted Question 9 Continued on next diagram
Slide 31: Remediation Photoshop Example -Remediation w/ Sequencing Information (cont.) Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false; Rollup Progress Completion = false; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Forward Only = true; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied; Rollup Considerations: Required for Completed = if not skipped Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Primary Objective = obj_module_3 Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Final Exam Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Part 1 Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Part 2 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Primary Objective = obj_module_3 Continued from previous diagram Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Forward Only = true; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Rollup Rules: Completed if all attempted; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied; Rollup Considerations: Required for Completed = if not skipped; Required for Satisfied = if not skipped Part 3 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9
Slide 32: Competency Assessment Photoshop Example -- Competency Introduction Pretest Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Exam (Assessment) Part 1 Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Part 2 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Part 3 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9
Slide 33: Competency Assessment • This learning strategy is a variation of remediation • The learner is first presented with the introduction • The learner is then presented with an assessment SCO that internally evaluates the learner’s mastery of each of the Photoshop module objectives. The assessment SCO reports satisfaction status of the module objectives through the SCORM Run-time Data Model • The learner is presented with the instructional material (modules) related to unsatisfied objectives • After the learner has completed all of the required instructional material, if any, an exam is presented that re-tests the objectives the learner has not satisfied
Slide 34: Competency Assessment Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Rules: Completed if all completed; Satisfied if all satisfied; Not Satisfied if any Not Satisfied; Exit Rules: Exit if completed w/ Sequencing Information Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied; Rollup Considerations: Required for Completed = if not skipped Photoshop Example -- Competency Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Forward Only = true; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied; Rollup Considerations: Required for Completed = if not skipped Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Primary Objective = obj_module_3 Introduction Pretest Module 1: Basics Module 2: Enhancing Images Module 3: Blending Images Final Exam Primary Objective = obj_module_1 Part 1 Lesson 1: Interface Lesson 2: Toolbox Lesson 3: Palettes Lesson 4: Layers Lesson 5: Color Balance Lesson 6: Brightness/Contrast Lesson 7: Hue/Saturation Lesson 8: Selection Tools Lesson 9: Transform Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Primary Objective = obj_module_2 Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Part 2 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Primary Objective = obj_module_3 This activity determines satisfaction status for the five module objectives internally. Rollup Controls: Rollup Objective Satisfied = false Precondition Rule: Disabled if completed Part 3 Question 7 Question 8 Sequencing Control Mode: Flow = true; Choice = false; Forward Only = true; Objective Satisfied by Measure = true; Objective Minimum Satisfied Normalized Measure = 0.6; Precondition Rule: Skip if satisfied; Rollup Considerations: Required for Completed = if not skipped Question 9