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Slide 1: Future of Healthcare Robotics Richard M. Satava, MD FACS Professor of Surgery University of Washington Program Manager, Advanced Biomedical Technologies Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Special Assistant, Advance Medical Technologies US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command CyberTherapy 2005 Robotics Session Basel, Switzerland June 7, 2005
Slide 2: Prediction “Prediction is difficult . . . . . . especially about the Future” ….Yogi Berra
Slide 3: Virtual Reality … the promise of the future 1 9 8 7
Slide 4: Virtual Reality … the realization of the future 2 0 0 5
Slide 5: Surgeon of the Future ?? Cybertherapist of the Future ??
Slide 6: Wizard of Id by Brant Parker
Slide 7: Superhuman Robots! Movie: Alien The Touch Lab, MIT
Slide 8: Current Visions “The Future is here … . . . it’s the Information Age”
Slide 9: Holomer Total body-scan for total diagnosis From visible human to Virtual Soldier Satava March, 2004 Multi-modal total body scan on every trauma patient in 15 seconds
Slide 10: Why robotics, imaging and modeling & simulation • Healthcare is the only industry without a computer representation of its “product” •A robot is not a machine . . . it is an information system with arms . . . • A CT scanner is not an imaging system it is an information system with eyes . . . thus • An operating room is an information system with . . .
Slide 11: Total Integration of Surgical Care Minimally Invasive Surgery Remote Surgery Pre-operative planning Intra-operative navigation Simulation & Training Joel Jensen, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
Slide 12: Remote telesurgery “Operation Lindberg” First remote and trans-Atlantic Telesurgery procedure ROUTINE telesurgery from Hamilton to North Bay 300 mile distant Prof. Jacques Marescaux, IRCAD Dr. Mehran Anvari, MD McMaster Univ, Toronto CANADA
Slide 13: “Penelope” – robotic scrub nurse Michael Treat MD, Columbia Univ, NYC. 2003
Slide 14: Entirely computerized ICU Total Patient Awareness The LSTAT Courtesy of Integreated Medical Systems, Signal Hill, CA • Defibrillator • Ventilator • Suction • Monitoring • Blood Chemistry Analysis • 3-Channel Fluid/Drug Infusion •Data Storage and Transmission • On-board Battery • On-board Oxygen • Accepts Off-Board Power and Oxygen
Slide 15: LSTAT Deployment to Kosovo - March 2000 212th MASH Deployed with LSTAT - Combat Support Hospital Courtesy of Integreated Medical Systems, Signal Hill, CA
Slide 16: Why now? VTOL UAV technology is maturing rapidly enough to minimize risk.
Slide 17: Nightingale UAV Goal Or: Identify “optimum” VTOL UAV design Create a new VTOL UAV tailored to the operational need LSTAT
Slide 18: Robotic Medical Assistant Nursing shortage crisis Applicable at all levels Hospitals Clinics Nursing Home Assisted living Courtesy Yulun Wang, InTouch Technologies, Inc, Goleta, CA SATAVA 7 July, 1999 DARPA
Slide 19: Honda Humanoid Robot Asimo Honda Motor Company, Tokyo Japan
Slide 20: “Blue Dragon” passive recording device Courtesy Blake Hannaford, University of Washington, Seattle
Slide 21: Novice Objective Assessment Intermediate Expert Hand motion tracking patterns Ara Darzi, MD. Imperial College, London, 2000
Slide 22: Integrating Surgical Systems for Autonomy The Operating Room (personnel) of the Future 100,000 Surgeon Assistant Scrub Nurse Circulating nurse Satava March, 2000
Slide 23: The Operating Room of the Future
Slide 25: Predator 2003 Fighter Pilots – until 2002 Fighter Pilots – Beyond 2003 SATAVA 7 July, 1999 DARPA
Slide 27: Disruptive Visions “The Future is not what it used to be” ….Yogi Berra
Slide 28: DARPA Controlled Biological Systems Program Animats Biomimetic Systems •Integration of biological design for sensorimotor function •neural control architecture •biomechanical selfstabilization •sensor/performance •Autonomous navigation •Modular design/fabrication of fault tolerant mobile sensor platforms Machine Living Animals Biological Systems •Pheremone control of sensorimotor output - plume tracing •Plasticity of associative learning to threats of interest (conditioned training) •Investigate behavior with sensor motor architecture Biohybrid Organisms •New interfaces for measuring neural-muscular outputs sensorimotor control in freely moving/sensing behaving biological systems •Stimulation of neural and muscular systems to influence sensorimotor function •Inexpensive attachment of sensors (chem/bio) Courtesy Alan Rudolph, Program Manager, 1999
Slide 29: Biomimetic robot - Ariel
Slide 30: Biomimetic Micro-robot Courtesy Sandia National Labs
Slide 31: Capsule camera for gastrointestinal endoscopy Courtesy Paul Swain, London, England
Slide 33: Femtosecond Laser (1 x 10 –15 sec) Los Alamos National Labs, Los Alamos NM Time of Flight Spectroscopy Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY Cellular opto-poration
Slide 34: BioSurgery Satava September 2003
Slide 35: on C al ti en fi d
Slide 36: Technologies will change the Future • • The rate of new discovery is accelerating exponentially The changes raise profound fundamental issues • Moral and ethical solutions will take decades to resolve Sector Technology Rate of Change Business Society Healthcare TIME Differing responses to scientific discovery by various sectors
Slide 37: And just what are these profound moral and ethical issues?
Slide 38: Gaak Intelligent “Living Robot” Uses genetic algorithms to “learn” TECHNOLOGY NEWS "Thinking" robot in escape bid Scientists running a pioneering experiment with robots which think for themselves have caught one trying to flee the centre where it "lives". The small unit, called Gaak, is one of 12 taking part in a "survival of the fittest" test at the Magna science centre in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, which has been running since March. Gaak made its bid for freedom after it had been taken out of the arena where hundreds of visitors watch the machines learning how to repair themselves after doing daily battle. Professor Noel Sharkey said he turned his back on the drone, but when he returned 15 minutes later he found it had forced its way out of the small make-shift paddock it was being kept in. He later found it had travelled down an access slope, through the front door of the centre and was discovered at the main entrance to the car park when a visitor nearly flattened it with his car. Kismet Courtesy Rosalind Picard, MIT Affective Computing Lab, Boston, MA E P A C S D E Courtesy Professor Noel Sharkey, Sheffield Unversity, London
Slide 39: Humans vs Machine Humans 4.0X10 19 cps Red Storm 3.5X10 15 cps Moore’ s Law “computer power doubles every 18 months” WHEN COMPUTERS EXCEED HUMAN INTELLIGENCE The Age of Spiritual Machines Ray Kurzweil Do the Math !! Who is smarter now?? ROBOT Hans Moravec Will Machines become “smarter than humans?
Slide 40: Do Robots Dream ?