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Slide 1: Insecticide Mode of action By Dr. Ayanava Majumdar P.O. Box – 316, Finley, ND 58230
Slide 2: Insects vs. Human Beings • Similar cells, tissue structure, muscle types • Similar oxygen utilization in muscles • Similar reproductive system • Similar NERVOUS system – simple structure, protected by a sheath
Slide 3: Why should you be concerned? Three modes of action: • Target the nervous system – action on neurotransmitter in insects • Energy production or balance • Growth Neurotransmitter – broken down by inhibitory enzymes
Slide 4: Insecticide classes – nerve poisons • Organophosphates– phorate (Thimet), Malathion • Carbamates – oxamyl (Vydate), carbaryl (Sevin) No inhibitory enzyme - overaccumulation The insecticides can have the same action on human >>> convulsions, paralysis, death
Slide 5: Insecticide classes – Neonicotinoids • Molecule similar to nicotine • Examples: imidacloprid (Gaucho), thiomethoxam (Actara, Platinum), acetamiprid (Assail) Mimic the neurotransmitter – over excitation The insecticides can have the same action on human >>> rapid breathing, exhaustion, death
Slide 6: Bt transgenics • Bacillus thuringiensis: common bacteria in soil • Actual toxin is the crystal (“cry”) protein, group specific • Midgut disruptors in insects • Act only in alkaline pH (acidic pH not suitable) • Some non-target effects are debated • On farm trials – evaluate the hybrids not the traits
Slide 7: Final note of caution… • Choose the right insecticide • Read the label – any first aid information • Any dermal or inhaled toxicity information in the label? • Wear PPE, protect yourself • Watch for nontarget applications • Protect the pollinators