Slide 1: Medical Support for International Sports Events 国际体育赛事的医疗支持 - an experience of the 2002 FIFA World Cup Games in Korea 2002 年韩国世界杯的经验 Joon Pil Cho, MD, PhD Department of Emergency Medicine Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea 韩国 AJOU 大学医学院急救医学部 jpcho@ajou.ac.kr
Slide 2: Contents 内容 • Experience of 2002 FIFA World Cup Games in Korea 韩国 2002 年世界杯的经验 • Issues of Medical Planning for International Sports Events 国际赛事医疗计划问题 • Mass Casualty Preparation 应对大众意外伤亡的准备工作
Slide 3: 2002 FIFA World Cup In Korea 韩国 2002 年世界杯 • Type of events: Football games 赛事类别：足球 Duration of events: one month 赛事时间：一个月 Size of crowds 观众规模 • • – Venues: 10, Teams: 16, Matches: 32 赛场： 10 个，参赛队 16 个，比赛场次： 32 场 • • – Each stadium: 45-65 thousands 每个体育场馆： 45000-65000 – Total expected spectators: 160 millions plus 预计观众总数： 1 亿 6 千万 Local medical facilities: 当地医疗机构： – Designated hospital within 30 minutes 在 30 分钟内到达的指定医院 – Affiliated hospitals 附属医院 – Wide regional emergency medical center 广泛的地区性医疗急救中 心
Slide 12: Spectators and Patients 观众和病人 Spectator/game Seoul Daegu Incheon Bus an Suwon Gwangju Jeonju Total 0.0 20000.0 57140.7 53746.8 46879.3 37411.7 37109.3 32643.0 30460.0 42479.5 40000.0 60000.0 S eoul Daegu Incheon Bus an Suw on Gwangju Jeonju Total 0. 00 0. 50 1. 00 1. 00 1. 34 1. 50 2. 00 0. 90 1. 27 1. 26 1. 85 Pts /s pectator*1,000 1. 38 1. 58 N=977,028 (7 Stadium, 23games) 7 个体育馆， 23 场赛事
Slide 13: Patients 病人 • Total number of Pts : 1,305 pts (23games) 病人总数： 1 ， 305 人次（ 23 场赛事） • Number of pts / games : 56.7 pts 病人数 /1 ， 000 名观众： 56.7 人次 病人数 / 场： 56.7 人次 • Number of pts / 1,000 spectators : 1.34 pts • man 725(55.6%) : woman 580(54.5%) • average age : 30.8 (1~78) • foreigner : 81(6.2%) ； 男 725(55.6%) : 女 580(54.5%) 平均年龄： 30.8 (1~78) 外国人： 81(6.2%)
Slide 14: The patients 病人 etc reporter FIFA officer Security Volunteer Athlete-Referee spectators 0 20 40 60 80 1000 100 7 11 6 39 66 4 N=1,305 1172 1200 120 140
Slide 15: Age Distribution of Patients 病人的年龄分布 >= 61 46 ~ 60 31 ~ 45 16 ~ 30 <= 15 0 100 147 200 300 400 500 600 38 137 433 550
Slide 16: Causes of visit 就医原因 etc 5.6% 79 pts GI Problems 25.7% 336 pts 13.4% 175 pts injury 19.3% CardioVascular Problems 0.7%, 9pts 251 pts OB-Gyn Problems 2.1%, 28 pts Headache N=1,305 33.2% 433 pts Respiratory Problems
Slide 17: Severity 严重性 Hospital Transportation 来自医院的数据：中、重症患者（ 0.74/ 场 , 0.017/1,000 观众） 一人由于从体育馆跌落造成头部损伤而死亡。 moderate, severe (0.74/game, 0.017/1,000 spectators) (one mortality due to head injury due to fall at stadium) moderate 1.1% 14 pts severe 0.2% 3 pts mild 98.7% 1,288 pts N=1,305
Slide 18: Summary 小结 • • Patients 病人 : – 56.7 / game 场 , 1.34 / 1,000 spectator 观众 Severity 严重程度： mild 轻为主 (98.7%)
Slide 19: 2008 Beijing Olympic Games 2008 北京奥林匹克大赛
Slide 20: Information for Medical Planning 医疗计划所需要的信息 • Type of events 赛事类型 • Duration of the events 赛事持续时间 • Structure of the venue 比赛地点的建筑结构 • Size of crowds 人群的规模 • Local medical facilities 当地医疗设施
Slide 21: Type of Event 赛事类型 • A total of 28 sports will feature on the program for the Beijing Games. 北京奥运会总计将有 28 种运动列入计划 • These 28 sports are made up of 302 events, comprising 165 men’s events, 127 women’s events and 10 mixed events. 这 28 种运动由 302 场赛事组成，包括 165 个男子比赛项目， 127 个女子比赛项目和 10 个混合比赛项目
Slide 22: Duration of Events 赛事持续时间 • Opening date: 8 August 2008 开始日期： 2008 年 8 月 8 日 • Closing date: 24 August 2008 结束日期： 2008 年 8 月 24 日
Slide 23: The Venue 比赛地点 • Host City : Beijing 举办城市：北京 • Co-host city 合办城市 – Qingdao 青岛 : Sailing 水上航行项目 – Hong Kong 香港 : Equestrian 骑马项 目 – Tianjing 天津 : Football 足球 – Shanghai 上海 : Football 足球 – Shenyang 沈阳 : Football 足球 – Qinhuangdao 秦皇岛 : Football 足球
Slide 24: Structure of Venue 比赛地点建筑结构 E Ticketing ce ran nt
Slide 26: Chronology of Major Crowd-Related sports events 造成大规模人群聚集的主要运动赛事年表 Year 1964 1971 1985 1985 1985 1985 1989 1994 Location Lima, Peru Glasgow, U.K. Glasgow, U.K. Bradford, U.K. Brussels, Belgium Birmingham, U.K. Hillsborough, U.K. Baytown, U.S.A Event Football Game Football Game Football Game Football Game Football Game Football Game Football Game Sports Event Cause Riot and Panic Crowd Pressure Crowd Crush Stadium Fire Crowd Panic Riot Crowd Craze Grandstand collapse Deaths 300 66 66 56 39 1 95 1 Injuries 500 ‘100s’ Unknown 200 375 250 400 17
Slide 27: Mass Casualty Incidents 人群意外伤亡事件 • Definition 定义 – Situations overwhelming the capacity of medical care by the medical personnel staffed inside of the stadium 大幅超出运动场内医疗人员进行医疗救助的能力范围。 • Medical help needed 医疗救助需求 – From local medical facilities 来自当地医疗设施 – Mutual aids from adjacent cities 邻近城市相互援助
Slide 28: Mass Casualties Incidents 人群意外伤亡事件 • Hooliganism/Crowd violence 流氓 / 人群暴力 • Crowd surge/panic 人群猛增 / 恐慌 • Structural collapse/Fire 建筑的倒塌 / 火 • Terror attacks 恐怖袭击 – Bomb blast, biological, chemical – 炸弹爆炸，生物性的，化学性的 • Protestor 抗议者 • Transportation accidents 交通事故
Slide 29: Immediate post event phase 赛事后续事件处理 • Main sectors involved 有关的主要部分 – Police 警察 – Fire/Rescue 火灾 / 营救 – Medical 医疗 • Main Issues 主要问题 – Scene control 场面控制 – Triage and Victim care 治疗类选法和照料伤 员 – Dispatch and Transportation 分派和交通
Slide 30: • Police department 公安部门 – Scene control 场面控制 – Criminal evidence collection – 犯罪证据收集 – Evacuation of crowds 人群的撤退 – Traffic control 交通管制
Slide 31: • Fire/Rescue 火灾 / 营救 – Fire fighting 灭火 – Elimination of hazardous material 消除有害材料 – Search and rescue 搜索和营救 – Scene triage 现场治疗类选 – Decontamination of the victims at scene 现场受难者消毒 – Transportation of the victims 受难者运输
Slide 32: • Medical sector 医疗部分 – Life support at the victims collection point 受伤人员聚集点的生命救助 – Secondary triage 次要伤员鉴别分类 – Dispatch to appropriate medical facilities 分派适当的医疗设施 – Transportation of victims 运输受伤人员 – Definitive care at hospital 医院治疗
Slide 33: Public Health concerns 公共卫生影响 • Drinking water 饮用水 • Sanitary facilities 卫生设施 • Shade or Shelter in adverse weather conditions 恶劣气候时的避难场所
Slide 34: Summary 小结 • Issues for Medical Planning 医疗计划的问题 – Type of events 赛事类型 – Duration of the events 赛事持续时间 – Structure of the venue 比赛地点的建筑结构 – Size of crowds 人群的规模 – Local medical facilities 当地医疗设施