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Slide 1: A PC perspective A PC perspective Culture Atlas Infrastructure: A Participatory and Collaborative Perspective (Part 1 of 2) The PNC 2006 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings August 15-18,2006,the Seoul National University Library, 15Seoul, Korea If the Web is to be seen as the major platform for building the next generation Culture Atlas, 2 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Andrea Wei-Ching Huang and Tyng-Ruey Chuang WeiTyngInstitute of Information Science, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan A PC perspective A PC perspective concrete There are some s •What is the Culture Atlas •What will the Culture Atlas be? questions needed to be addressed, especially in the infrastructure stage. 3 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Why & How What & Who conceptual 4 Huang & Chuang, 2006
Slide 2: A PC perspective A PC perspective @ ECAI/CAA Conference, April 18-19, 2006 Ruth Mostern answered the question: “What is a Cultural Atlas?” Culture Atlas Historical GIS “Maybe ‘historical GIS’ is for researchers and ‘cultural atlases’ are for a user public.” 6 Huang & Chuang, 2006 5 Huang & Chuang, 2006 A PC perspective A PC perspective Borrowing from the libertarian's and public science researcher’s perspectives, reasons are: • Will the Culture Atlas Infrastructure add one more layer as “the user-generated content” layer? layer • Why this layer is important for the Culture Atlas ? (hope after this presentation the answer will be the positive) (The shortest answer for this question is: Because now is the Age of PC. The more details will be illustrated below) (1)for the limitation of time, money and human resource there is still plenty of space which academic field haven’t fulfilled (2)the desire for the freedom of knowledge Krowne, A (2003) Building a digital Library the Commons-based Peer Production Way, D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No.10 (3)Now it’s time to face the challenge of moving from Intellectual Property to Intellectual Commons: reducing control over proprietary information in a highly distributed, volunteer and open environment 7 Uhlir, P.F. (2003) Re-intermediation in the Republic of Science: Moving from intellectual property to intellectual commons. Information Services & Use, No.23, 63-66 8 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006
Slide 3: A PC perspective A PC perspective Last Year: : we try to give a general picture showing that there’s a trend toward People, Place, and Participation … Online Community Mapping 9 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006 10 A PC perspective A PC perspective concrete Based on the study “Online Community Mapping”, a considerable development in the level of understanding two essential components : Participation and Collaboration in geospatial domain is on demand (In this study we put in a picture as the emerging PC phenomena). phenomena 11 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006 •What is (will) the Culture Atlas (be)? Why & How What & Who •Who are the participants/contributors? •What motivate them to participate? conceptual 12
Slide 4: a mixture of P-phrases A PC perspective a mixture of C-phrases A PC perspective Platform” , s a whole “P =the Web a tion Web 2.0 of Participa Architecture Personal and Participatory Media A permanent link ing” , = “Permalink Permalink” Participatory Journalism “Personal Publish “Photo sharing”, “Ping a blog”= a Ping Pro-sumer = Pro“Post online activities”, Tracback producer + consumer “Podcasting”, lications Public/Participatory GIS “Peer- to-Peer” app Public/ Commons-ba Computer-mediated Computer Communication (CMC) Computer-supported Collaboration (CSC) Community-based communication; Public Empowerment mpowerment Participatory Research Research Peer Production uction” (CBPP ) Computer system Collective intelligence supported Community Collaborative Publishing Computer–mediated Community; Collaborative CommuniNetwork Community; cation tools, Web-based Community; Co- authoring Tools Online Community ; Collaborative Filtering Virtual Community ; Cyber-Community ; IT-enable Community; IT supported Community sed peer prod Community-driven services The Age of Participation The Economist, Apr 2006 13 Huang & Chuang, 2006 t i ve Crea ons m Com 14 Huang & Chuang, 2006 A PC perspective A PC perspective concrete •What is (will) the Culture Atlas (be)? Why & How What & Who •Who are the participants/contributors? •What motivate them to participate? conceptual 15 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006 16
Slide 5: A PC perspective A PC perspective Motivations the analysis of Wei (2006) and the 2006 Pew Internet & American Life Project survey on blogsphere concrete •What is (will) the Culture Atlas (be)? •pursuing for meaningful sharing •social networking Other Reasoning: lessons from the success of OSS movement Why & How •What’s the value of user-generated content? What & Who •Who are the contributors? •What motivate them? Individual reasons “scratching programmer’s itch”, “technically cool” or “the art and beauty of clean code”, ego-boosting of themselves and gaining reputations from others toward a better job pay future, These are further empirically verified by the leverage of creativity and intellectual stimulation. Huang & Chuang, 2006 Social networking earning by sharing, battling with the joint rival (like Linux community V.S. Microsoft), sharing identity and belief systems within communities, or building relationships and socializing. 17 conceptual 18 Huang & Chuang, 2006 A PC perspective A PC perspective Value of user-generated content • • • • Media perspectives Social Perspectives Economic Perspectives Geospatial Perspective Geospatial Perspective (continued) 3. Last year we talked about Please refer to the full analysis in the full paper 1. Empirically findings show that most internet interaction occurs in the situation where people live within an hour’s drive (after Wellman and Haase’s citation, 2001) 2. for most travellers the restaurant reviews by local citizens are more valuable than others’ comments (Figallo and Rhine, 2001). Huang & Chuang, 2006 19 Huang & Chuang, 2006 20
Slide 6: A PC perspective A PC perspective In this year, we find that • the common-sense geography of the world has been commonidentified empirically by the recent online mapping services especially in the case of Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. (1) The leading business magazine, Forbes, has chosen the Google map mashu-up as one of the Web’s promising user-sharing trend application (2)ESRI (1969-2006) - one million users in 200 countries Google Map/Earth (2006) - one hundred million users in less a -------------------------------------------year’s release And also in theory, participatory research (1) Mapping is one of the best participatory techniques. (2)It also offers participants a way to their self-representation. (3)Tool for interrelationship (4)Contribute to community projects (5)Capacity building 21 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006 22 A PC perspective A PC perspective concrete •What’s the problems of user participation? •How to make P&C work? •What is (will) the Culture Atlas (be)? Problems : 1. Content Accuracy & Completeness 2. Contributor Accountability (identity deception, online trust, trolls, flame-warriors, lamer) Why & How •What’s the value of user-generated content? What & Who •Who are the contributors? •What motivate them? 3. Motivations & Incentives: WHY NOT PARTICIPATE (1) no need (2) want to know more information about the group/community before participating (3) not confident enough to participate (4) poor usability of the software design (5)socially do not match the specific community culture. (Preece. et. Al.,2004) (1)Busy, No time (2)Hostile atmosphere and low quality conversation (3) Just want to “listen” because I am unqualified. (4) Prefer to “listen” for information. (Wei,2006) conceptual 23 Huang & Chuang, 2006 24 Huang & Chuang, 2006
Slide 7: A PC perspective A PC perspective If the Culture Atlas is going to adopt the concept of participation & collaboration, the implications from the existing PC mechanisms design offer a general picture to look after. 25 Huang & Chuang, 2006 In contrast to the Me-Participation type, the We-Collaboration is more toward many-to-many forms, community-driven orientation as well as collaborative authoring paradigms. This is the major implication for the Culture Atlas Infrastructure. 26 Huang & Chuang, 2006 A PC perspective A PC perspective Collaboration tools • • • • • The RSS way The Blog way The Wiki way Social tagging Social bookmarking 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Technical Mechanisms small independent and manageable modularity flexible and transparent devices revision-control software bug-reporting databases computer-mediated communications (record-keeping for consensus) governance structures (support asynchronous communication and decision-making) which support distributed development and management Learn from the success of OSS 27 28 Huang & Chuang, 2006 http://www.programmableweb.com/matrixall Huang & Chuang, 2006
Slide 8: A PC perspective A PC perspective Policy & Social Mechanisms 1. Openness Design 2. Trust Enabling & Consensus building Reputation mechanism: Karma in Slashdot, XP in Everything2 Online Community Responsibility System concrete •What’s the problems of user participation? •How to make P&C work? •What is (will) the Culture Atlas (be)? Why & How •What’s the value of user-generated content? What & who •Who are the contributors? •What motivate them? 3. Online community Framework de Souzqa, C.S. & Preece, J (2004) conceptual 29 Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006 30 Cultural Atlas Infrastructure: A Participatory and Collaborative Perspective (Part 2 of 2) At The PNC 2006 Annual Conference in Conjunction with PRDLA and ECAI Trends: Geospatial Tools • Moved to Web-based systems. • Built with and released as open source software. • Operated as web services. • Mixed with personal digital devices and social software: cell phone, camera, GPS, etc.; blog, wiki, social tagging, etc. Andrea Wei-Ching Huang Tyng-Ruey Chuang A joint work of the Open Geospatial Information Team Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
Slide 9: Trends: Geospatial Data • “Standard” data format: GML, SVG, GeoRSS, “KML”, etc. • “Open” access to geo-data: Satellite images, topographic maps, gazetteers, community data, etc. • Heterogeneous data sources. • Public licensing of geo-data. Trends: Geospatial Users • From elite to the mass: personal and group communication in daily life. • User-contributed geospatial data. • Collaborative authoring and mapping. • Rights arrangement and licensing of collective works. Personal Attachment to Places, Not Locations! Places, Not Locations (1/4)
Slide 10: Places, Not Locations (2/4) Places, Not Locations (3/4) Places, Not Locations (4/4) Place Names in Cultural Atlas • Where do the place names come from? Authoritative gazetteers? Communities? You? • Many kinds of place names: – “Seoul National University” … Established for a long time and known to many people. – The “Epicurean Café” at Orchid Island … Known to some people; the place is here now but maybe gone tomorrow; frequent name change. – “my favorite snorkeling spot” at Orchid Island Know only to a few; nameless places with special meaning to selves.
Slide 11: Web3P: A Web of Place, People, and Participation • Place: Web presentations of places, enriched with satellite images, topographic maps, geospatial features, gazetteers, etc. • People: Allowing places to be annotated with user-generated data. • Participation: Enabling group annotations and communications. Web3P Architecture Web3P Implementation • Built with tools that are free and interoperable: SVG map viewer, MapServer, RSS, “trackback”, etc. • Each place has a unique URL; URLs can be annotated and tagged by users. • Annotations are syndicated as RSS feeds. • PlaceDB: in need of a beter data model. PlaceMap: An SVGbased visual browser for places.
Slide 12: AnnoTag: Users attach annotations to places in PlaceMap. RSS access to user annotations. Open Geospatial Information Team at the Institute of information Science, Academia Sinica, Taiwan: Chin-Lung Chang, Yi-Hong Chang, Tyng-Ruey Chuang, Dong-Po Deng, Andrea Wei-Ching Huang, Chia-Hsin Huang. Contact: Tyng-Ruey Chuang Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Nangang 115, Taipei City, Taiwan trc@iis.sinica.edu.tw Thank you for your attention!