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Slide 1: Maryland’s Top 25 Demand Healthcare Occupations: Projected Demand and Reported Supply Provided by Maryland Higher Education Institutions May 2004 Compiled by the Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) in collaboration with Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation (DLLR) Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr., Governor Michael S. Steele, Lt. Governor
Slide 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report identifies: (1) Maryland’s top 25 demand healthcare occupations and (2) any gaps between the supply and demand for these 25 healthcare occupations. Additional information on each healthcare occupation is provided to assist in developing strategies to bridge gaps between supply and demand. Strategies to close these gaps need to be tailored to specific occupations. There is not necessarily one strategy that fits all. A supply/demand analysis of Maryland's top 25 demand healthcare occupations is provided on pages 1-17. Additional data on specific healthcare occupations are provided in Section III and the Appendices of this report. A comparison is made between the projected demand for qualified healthcare workers in Maryland and the supply provided by Maryland higher education institutions. Included are data for 200+ healthcare programs offered by 15 colleges/universities, 16 community colleges, and 19 private career schools. The supply/demand analysis compares: (1) the projected total annual openings from 2000 – 2010 and (2) the annual graduates of Maryland’s postsecondary healthcare programs in FY 2002. The following findings are identified in the report: • • • • A gap between the projected demand and the reported supply is identified for 23 of the top 25 demand healthcare occupations. Substantial gaps of more than 40% are identified for 19 of the top 25 demand occupations. In other words, the reported supply of graduates from Maryland postsecondary healthcare programs met less than 60% of the occupational demand projected in FY 2002. The future gap may narrow for occupations with increased program enrollments and graduates reported by Maryland higher education institutions from FY 1993 to FY 2002. This is particularly true for occupations with new and/or expanded programs. The current gap may be less than reported for occupations requiring short-term training. This is due to the under-reporting of students completing: (1) postsecondary courses that are not part of formal certificate programs, (2) high school programs, and (3) training provided by employers for their employees. There may be significant implications if downward trends in enrollments/graduates continue and alternative sources of trained healthcare workers are unavailable for the occupations listed below. Maryland may successfully import trained practitioners (physicians/surgeons and dentists) because of the attraction of Maryland’s world-renowned hospitals and medical institutions. However, alternative sources of trained workers may be less available for the occupations asterisked below: Dentists Medical Transcriptionists* Registered Nurses* Diagnostic Medical Sonographers* Physicians and Surgeons Respiratory Therapists/Technicians* Medical and Clinical Lab Technologists* Radiologic Technologists/ Technicians * •
Slide 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 2 2 7 11 15 16 18 20 20 24 34 39 43 48 49 52 56 56 61 65 65 68 II. Maryland’s Top Demand Healthcare Occupations – Projected Demand and Reported Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions A. Projected Demand for Maryland’s Top Healthcare Occupations B. Reported Supply of Healthcare Workers Trained by Maryland Higher Education Institutions C. Comparison of Projected Demand for Maryland’s Top Healthcare Occupations and Reported Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions D. Bridging the Gap Between the Projected Demand for Maryland’s Top Healthcare Occupations and Reported Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions E. Maryland’s Reported Postsecondary Healthcare Programs by Educational Level III. Maryland’s Top Demand Healthcare Occupations – By Career Pathways and Health Fields A. Therapeutic Services – Health Career Pathway 1. Medicine 2. Nursing 3. Dentistry 4. Pharmacy 5. Physical Therapy 6. Chiropractics 7. Speech-Language Pathology 8. Emergency Medical Technology/Paramedics B. Diagnostics Services – Health Career Pathway 1. Health Technology 2. Medical Lab Technology C. Infomatics – Health Career Pathway 1. Medical Assistant 2. Medical Records
Slide 4: Appendices 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Reports Addressing the Critical Demand for Qualified Healthcare Workers in Maryland Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections – All Healthcare Occupations Maryland Postsecondary Healthcare Programs– By Health Fields Enrollments in Non-Credit Courses Offered by Maryland Community Colleges in FY 1999 - FY 2002 (Duplicated Count) Enrollments and Completers of Courses Offered by Maryland High Schools in School Year 2001-- 2002 Maryland Licensing Information for Selected Healthcare Occupations National Data on Selected Health Professions • Occupational Descriptions • Job Descriptions • Employment Characteristics • Employment Outlooks • Educational Programs 8. Financial Assistance for Students in Healthcare Programs and Other Financial Assistance This report is available on the website of the Maryland Higher Education Commission : http://www.mhec.state.md.us/publications/healthMay2004.pdf
Slide 5: 1 I. INTRODUCTION • This report compares the demand for qualified healthcare workers in Maryland and the supply provided by Maryland higher education institutions. Supply and demand data are presented for healthcare occupations based on data obtained from the following sources: Labor Demand: Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections prepared by the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation (DLLR) in 2003. Occupational projections are based on industry forecasts and employer occupational surveys that are used to determine future employment levels by occupation. The projections forecast occupational openings but not unfilled openings or job vacancies. The surveys do not request job vacancy information. Labor Supply from Maryland’s Higher Education Institutions: Graduate and enrollment data compiled by the Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) for healthcare programs offered by Maryland’s public and private colleges and universities, community colleges, and private career schools.1 Included is data for the 10-year period from FY 1993 to FY 2002. • Maryland’s top demand healthcare occupations are identified based on Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections.2 These top demand healthcare occupations are the focus of this report. Notes: • Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections are based on a common methodology for projecting labor market demand for different occupations in Maryland. Other studies are available that forecast the demand for select healthcare occupations based on measures specific to that particular healthcare field. For example, the critical unmet demand for nurses is examined in depth in the report “Maryland’s Nursing Shortage: A Workforce Crisis” produced by the Center for Health Workforce Development, University of Maryland Baltimore in March, 2003. A listing of this and other important reports is provided as Appendix 1 of this document. This document reports projected demand for specific healthcare occupations and the number of graduates from Maryland’s postsecondary healthcare programs. The reader should be cautioned in interpreting this data. This report does not address the migration of workers in and out • The sources of the data include: (1) MHEC Enrollment Information System, (2) MHEC Degree Information System, (3) Private Career School Annual Reports, and (4) WIA Data Collection. These collections comprehensively report enrollments and completions for certificate and degree programs offered by Maryland’s postsecondary education institutions. However, non-credit and credit courses that are not part of a formal certificate program are not included, unless program data is collected for purposes of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA). 2 1 The healthcare occupations with the greatest demand based on three separate measures: (1) 2010 employment, (2) employment growth, and (3) total openings forecasted by the Maryland 2000—2010 Occupational Projections.
Slide 6: 2 of the State. A trained healthcare workforce is mobile. What appears to be a gap between supply and demand may be filled in other ways. For example, workers trained outside the State may transfer to Maryland for employment or workers may complete training not reported, such as noncredit offerings at Maryland community colleges. Conversely, worker shortages may occur even when projected demand is less than the number of reported graduates. Maryland’s healthcare graduates may not be available for employment in Maryland. Graduates may continue their education, seek employment outside of Maryland, change career fields, or elect not to work. • This report provides the most available demand and supply data. In mid-2004, updated information will be released including 2002 – 2012 Maryland Occupational Projections and FY 2003 graduate/enrollment data for Maryland postsecondary healthcare programs. II. MARYLAND’S TOP DEMAND HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS – PROJECTED DEMAND AND REPORTED SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR MARYLAND’S TOP HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS • Figure 1 identifies the top demand healthcare occupations in Maryland based on three indicators of demand reported by the Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections.1 The same top occupations are reported by each of these indicators: (1) projected 2010 employment, (2) projected growth in employment from 2000 to 2010, and (3) projected total openings from 2000 to 2010. In combination, the 25 top demand healthcare occupations represent over 90% of the total employment projected for all healthcare occupations reported in the Maryland 2000-2010 Occupational Projections.2 • 1 This report focuses on the supply and demand for human healthcare providers. Although important, excluded are top demand occupations in the veterinary field: (1) veterinary technologists/technicians and (2) veterinary assistants/laboratory animal caretakers. Appendix 2 provides Maryland 2000-2010 Occupational Projections for all healthcare occupations. 2
Slide 7: Figure 1 3 Top Demand Healthcare Occupations in Maryland Healthcare Occupations 2010 Employment 41,101 25,623 23,045 11,712 8,216 6,538 6,078 6,049 5,398 5,364 4,798 4,755 4,528 3,217 3,125 2,951 2,750 2,513 2,490 2,468 2,043 1,698 1,680 1,602 1,509 Employment Growth 2000-2010 8,013 5,848 2,777 4,021 1,749 1,554 1,275 482 781 1,670 1,398 772 1,482 811 902 307 776 667 547 314 419 575 386 547 526 Total Openings 2000-20101 14,836 8,391 5,930 6,071 3,407 2,854 2,508 1,916 1,795 2,145 2,007 2,034 2,163 1,424 1,222 926 1,278 1,087 1,046 820 855 816 671 856 814 Registered Nurses Nursing Aides/Orderlies/Attendants Physicians & Surgeons Medical Assistants Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses Pharmacy Technicians & Aides Respiratory Therapists/Technicians Dentists Radiologic Technologists/Technicians Home Health Aides Dental Assistants Pharmacists Medical Records & Health Information Technicians Speech-Language Pathologists Dental Hygienists Medical & Clinical Lab Technologists Emergency Medical Technicians & Paramedics Chiropractors Physical Therapists Medical & Clinical Lab Technicians Medical Transcriptionists Physician Assistants Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Physical Therapist Assistants Physical Therapist Aides • Note the differences in the level of projected employment demand for the top healthcare occupations. The projected demand for registered nurses far exceeds that of any other healthcare occupation. Projected 2010 employment for registered nurses (41,101) is more than 27 times greater than the projected employment for physical therapist aides, the 25th ranked healthcare occupation (1,509). Projected total openings for registered nurses (14,836) are 18 times greater than for physical therapist aides (814). 1 Total annual openings = (1) annual openings due to growth and (2) annual openings due to replacements.
Slide 8: 4 • Among the top demand healthcare occupations, the same top 5 occupations are identified by each indicator. The Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections forecast the greatest projected 2010 employment, employment growth, and total openings for: (1) registered nurses, (2) nursing aides/orderlies/attendants, (3) physicians & surgeons, (4) medical assistants, and (5) licensed practical & licensed vocational nurses. The substantial demand for nurses is evident from the Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections. Nurses (registered nurses, licensed practical/vocational nurses, and nursing aides) are 3 of the top 5 demand occupations whether measured by 2010 employment, employment growth, or total openings. As illustrated by Figure 2, the rank order of the remaining 20 top demand healthcare occupations differs depending on the indicator of occupational demand used. • •
Slide 9: Figure 2 5 Top Demand Healthcare Occupations in Maryland (Ranked by 2010 Employment, Employment Growth, and Total Openings) Top Demand Healthcare Occupations Ranked by 2010 Employment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Ranked by Employment Growth 2000 - 2010 1 2 4 3 5 7 10 21 13 6 9 15 8 12 11 24 14 16 18 25 22 17 23 19 20 Ranked by Total Openings 2000 - 2010 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 12 13 9 11 10 8 14 16 19 15 17 18 23 21 22 25 20 24 Registered Nurses Nursing Aides/Orderlies/Attendants Physicians & Surgeons Medical Assistants Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses Pharmacy Technicians & Aides Respiratory Therapists/Technicians Dentists Radiologic Technologists & Technicians Home Health Aides Dental Assistants Pharmacists Medical Records & Health Information Technicians Speech-Language Pathologists Dental Hygienists Medical & Clinical Lab Technologists Emergency Medical Technicians & Paramedics Chiropractors Physical Therapists Medical & Clinical Lab Technicians Medical Transcriptionists Physician Assistants Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Physical Therapist Assistants Physical Therapist Aides • Figure 3 ranks the top demand healthcare occupations by total annual openings from 2000 – 2010. Year-to-year fluctuations in annual openings are to be expected during this 10-year period. Total annual openings are the average number of openings projected each year from 2000 – 2010. 1 1 Total annual openings are calculated by dividing the total projected openings from 2000 – 2010 by 10.
Slide 10: 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 400 600 800 Figure 3 0 . Nursing Aides/Orderlies/Attendants Medical Assistants Physicians & Surgeons Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses Pharmacy Technicians & Aides Respiratory Therapists/Technicians Medical Records & Health Information Technicians Home Health Aides Pharmacists Dental Assistants Dentists Radiologic Technologists/Technicians Speech-Language Pathologists EMT & Paramedics Dental Hygienists Chiropractors Physical Therapists Medical & Clinical Lab Technologists Physical Therapist Assistants 86 Medical Transcriptionists 82 Physician Assistants 82 Medical & Clinical Lab Technicians 81 Physical Therapist Aides Diangostic Medical Sonographers 67 . 1484 839 607 593 341 285 250 216 RNs Source: Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation (DLLR). Maryland Occupational Projections 2000 -- 2010 215 203 201 192 180 142 128 122 109 105 93 86 Total Annual Openings 2000 - 2010 6
Slide 11: 7 B. REPORTED SUPPLY OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS TRAINED BY MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS • Graduate and enrollment data are provided for Maryland’s postsecondary programs that prepare graduates for the top demand healthcare occupations.1 In combination, graduate/enrollment data measure the pipeline of potential trained workers from Maryland higher education institutions. Graduate data indicates the actual number of trained healthcare personnel produced annually while reported enrollments reflect the potential future number. Maryland’s postsecondary programs are continually changing in response to the changing needs of the healthcare industry. Figures 4 and 5 report data for over 200 healthcare programs offered by 50 Maryland postsecondary institutions from FY 1993 – FY 2002. Included are data for at least 50 new healthcare programs established during this period. Provided are enrollment and degree data reported to the Maryland Higher Education Commission by 15 college/universities, 16 community colleges, and 19 private career schools.2 (Appendix 3 provides a listing of the programs enrollment/graduate data included in this report.) • 10-Year Trends in Enrollments and Graduates of Maryland Postsecondary Healthcare Programs: • Figure 4 provides enrollment and graduate trend data for programs that prepare graduates for the top demand healthcare occupations. Identified are: (1) enrollments and graduates reported in FY 1993 and FY 2002 and (2) the % change between FY 1993 and FY 2002. Programs are ranked by the percent of change in graduates and grouped as either: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Programs with Increased Graduates & Increased Enrollments Programs with Increased Graduates & Decreased Enrollments Programs with Decreased Graduates & Increased Enrollments Programs with No Change or Decreased Graduates & Decreased Enrollments Programs with Data Not Reported in Both FY 1993 and FY 20023 The healthcare occupations with the greatest demand as measured by: (1) 2010 employment, (2) employment growth, and (3) total annual openings forecasted by the Maryland 2000-2010 Occupational Projections. 2 1 The sources of the data include: (1) MHEC Enrollment Information System, (2) MHEC Degree Information System, (3) Private Career School Annual Reports, and (4) WIA Data Collection. These collections comprehensively report enrollments and completions for certificate and degree programs offered by Maryland’s postsecondary institutions. However, non-credit training and credit courses that are not part of a formal certificate program are not included, unless program data is collected for purposes of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA). Graduates are students who complete the programs. Enrollments in degree programs are based on the initial major declared by students. Data are not available in FY 1993 and/or FY 2002 because either: (1) the programs are new and have no 1993 graduate data, (2) there are no programs offered in Maryland, or (3) the training is offered as courses for which data is not reported to the Maryland Higher Education Commission, unless provided as part of the WIA data collection. 3
Slide 12: Figure 4 8 10-Year Trends – Graduates and Enrollments in Maryland’s Postsecondary Healthcare Programs (Programs Grouped by % Change from FY 1993 to FY 2002) FY 1993 Enrollments FY 2002 Enrollments 1799 444 627 168 258 197 436 246 240 1,456 17 423 628 248 380 9,778 1,060 159 729 200 133 109 5 0 No Programs % Change 1993 – 2002 Enrollments 385% 66% 95% 205% 121% 5% 10% 32% 55% 9% -49% 34% 32% 12% -2% -1% -.5% -42% -34% -53% -48% No Programs FY 1993 Graduates 167 65 41 24 25 67 48 73 81 398 8 106 196 93 99 1,571 277 69 142 74 58 No Programs FY 2002 Graduates 1,248 202 94 45 43 80 57 82 85 404 9 89 161 76 99 1,536 255 52 96 50 38 80 5 0 No Programs % Change 1993 – 2002 Graduates 647% 211% 129% 88% 72% 19% 19% 12% 5% 2% 13% -16% -18% -18% 0% -2% -8% -25% -32% -32% -34% No Programs 1. Programs with Increased Graduates & Increased Enrollments Nursing Assistant * Medical Lab Technician * Medical Records Technology * Physical Therapist Assistant Physician Assistant Speech-Language Pathology Emergency Medical Technology/Paramedic Physical Therapy Dental Assistant * Medical Assistant 2. Programs with Increased Graduates & Decreased Enrollments Medical Transcription 3. Programs with Decreased Graduates & Increased Enrollments Pharmacy (Pharmacists) Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) Dental Hygiene 4. Programs with No Change or Decreased Graduates & Decreased Enrollments Dental (Dentists) Registered Nurse (RN) Medicine (Physicians & Surgeons) Medical Lab Technology Radiologic Technology Respiratory Therapy/Technician Diagnostic Medical Sonography 5. Programs without Data in FY 1993 & FY 2002 Pharmacy Technician & Aide* Home Health Aide* Physical Therapist Aide Chiropractic 371 268 321 55 117 188 397 187 155 1,333 33 316 475 222 387 9,916 1,065 275 1,106 421 255 No Programs *Increases in enrollments/graduates due, in part, to the first time reporting in FY 2000 & 2001 of WIA eligible courses that are not part of formal certificate programs. Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 13: 9 • • Figure 5 reports the percent of change from FY 1993 to FY 2002 in graduates and enrollments in Maryland postsecondary healthcare programs. Programs are listed according to the percent of change in graduates from FY 1993 to FY 2002. In interpreting the data on Figure 5, consider the additional data reported in Figure 4 and in Section III. Note the base numbers upon which the percentages are calculated. Among the healthcare programs, there are substantial differences in the base numbers of graduates and enrollments reported for FY 1993. Small base numbers inflate the percent of change reported. For example, the 72% increase in graduates of physician assistant programs is computed using the base number of 25 graduates in FY 1993.
Slide 14: Figure 5 10-Year Trends – Percent of Change in Graduates and Enrollments in Maryland’s Postsecondary Healthcare Programs (% Change from FY 1993 to FY 2002) 650% 10 % Change in Graduates 550% % Change in Enrollments 450% Nursing Assistant 350% Medical Records Technology Physical Therapist Assistant Physician Assistant 250% Medical Lab Technician Medicine (Physicians & Surgeons) Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN) Physical Therapy 150% 50% -50% . . 647% 211% 129% 88% . 385% 66% 72% 19% 5% 19% 10% 13% -49% 12% 32% 5% 55% 2% 9% 0% -2% -2% -8% -16% -18% -18% -25% -32% -32% -34% 32% 12% -42% -34% -53% -48% 95% 205% 121% Dental (Dentists) -1% -0.50% 34% Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections. Respiratory Therapy/Technician Speech-Language Pathology Registered Nurses (RN) Medical Transcription Radiologic Technology Medical Assistant EMT/Paramedic Dental Hygiene Diagnostic Medical Sonography Pharmacy (Pharmacists) Medical Lab Technology Dental Assistant
Slide 15: 11 C. COMPARISON OF PROJECTED DEMAND FOR MARYLAND’S TOP HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS AND REPORTED SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS • Figure 6 provides a comparison of supply and demand for the top demand healthcare occupations. It compares: (1) the projected total annual openings from 2000 – 2010 and (2) the annual graduates of Maryland’s postsecondary healthcare programs in FY 2002. The occupations are listed according to the gap between projected total annual openings and FY 2002 graduates. Note the adjustments made to the reported FY 2002 graduates for Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) and Registered Nurse (RN) programs on Figures 6 and 7. These adjustments were made to reduce double counting graduates earning multiple nursing certificates/degrees from FY 1993 to FY 2002. The number of LPN graduates and RN graduates reported on Figures 6 and 7 were reduced by 35% and 7% respectively. 1 In total, a gap between the demand and supply is reported for 23 of the top 25 demand healthcare occupations. Substantial gaps of more than 40% are identified for 19 of the demand occupations. In other words, the reported supply of graduates from Maryland postsecondary healthcare programs was less than 60% of the occupational demand projected in FY 2002. • • An estimated 35% of the graduates of Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN) programs earned both LPN certificates and RN associate degrees during the period from FY 1993 – FY 2002. Therefore, the number LPN graduates was reduced by 35% on Figures 6 and 7. In addition, an estimated 7% of the RN graduates earned multiple nursing degrees from FY 1993—FY 2002. Therefore, the number of RN graduates was reduced by 7% on Figures 6 and 7. These adjustments were based on available data from public colleges/universities and extrapolations for private colleges/universities. 1
Slide 16: Figure 6 12 Comparison of Projected Total Annual Openings for Top Demand Healthcare Occupations and Annual Graduates of Maryland’s Postsecondary Programs (Ranked by Gap) Top Healthcare Occupations Difference Between Projected Total Annual Openings & Graduates in 2002 (Gap) # 109 81 210 77 200 205 236 116 338 122 114 71 93 41 39 84 62 41 29 46 203 23 58 -409 -120 % 100% 100% 98% 90% 80% 72% 69% 58% 57% 56% 56% 55% 48% 48% 48% 47% 44% 44% 43% 38% 33% 22% 4% -49% -146% Projected Total Annual Openings (2000 – 2010) 109 81 215 86 250 285 341 201 593 216 203 128 192 86 82 180 142 93 67 122 607 105 1,484 839 82 Graduates in FY 2002 No Maryland Programs 0 5 9 50 80 105 85 255 94 89 57 99 45 43 96 80 52 38 76 404 82 1,426 1,248 202 Chiropractors Physical Therapist Aides * Home Health Aides* Medical Transcriptionists Respiratory Therapists/Technicians Pharmacy Technicians & Aides * Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses (LPN) Dental Assistants * Physicians and Surgeons Medical Records & Health Information Technicians* Pharmacists Emergency Medical Technicians/Paramedics * Dentists Physical Therapist Assistants Physician Assistants Radiologic Technologists/Technicians Speech-Language Pathologists Medical & Clinical Lab Technologists Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Dental Hygienists Medical Assistants * Physical Therapists Registered Nurses (RN) Nursing Aides/Orderlies/Attendants * Medical & Clinical Lab Technicians * *Under-reported are non-credit and credit courses that are not part of formal certificate programs. Bold (Blue) Font = Decreased Enrollment & Decreased or No Change in Graduates The reader is cautioned in interpreting this comparative data to consider the notes provided on pages 1-2 of this report. Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, and (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 17: 13 • Figure 7 compares: (1) the projected total annual openings from 2000 – 2010 for Maryland’s top demand healthcare occupations and (2) reported FY 2002 graduates of Maryland’s related postsecondary healthcare programs. The healthcare occupations are listed according to the total annual openings projected from 2000 – 2010. Figure 7 also indicates trends in enrollments/graduates for programs preparing graduates for the top demand healthcare occupations. Programs with decreased enrollments and decreased or no change in graduates from FY 1993 to FY 2002 are indicated by a bold (blue) font. The current gap for the healthcare aides and assistants listed may be less than reported. Under-counted are students completing short-term training including: (1) postsecondary courses that are not part of formal certificate programs, (2) secondary programs, and (3) training provided by employers to their employees. Dental Assistants Medical Assistants Physical Therapist Aides Home Health Aides Medical Records/Health Information Technicians EMTs & Paramedics Pharmacy Technicians & Aides • • • In the future, the gap may narrow for 8 healthcare occupations with increased enrollments and graduates reported by Maryland higher education institutions. Increased graduates and enrollments indicate an expansion of the current and future pipeline of qualified workers from Maryland postsecondary programs. Dental Assistants Medical Records/Health Information Technicians Physician Assistants EMTs & Paramedics Physical Therapists Speech-Language Pathologists Medical Assistants Physical Therapist Assistants • The gap also may decrease as a result of new and/or expanded healthcare programs. Three new pharmacy technician programs are expected to increase significantly the supply of trained pharmacy technicians by FY 2003. In addition, several new programs established from FY 1993— FY 2002 may increase future graduates prepared for the following occupations: EMTs & Paramedics Physical Therapist Assistants Medical Assistants Physician Assistants Pharmacy Technicians & Aides • • The future supply remains uncertain for the following programs with decreased graduates but increased enrollments from FY 1993—FY 2002: Dental Hygienists Licensed Practical Nurses Pharmacists There may be significant implications for the occupations listed below if the downward trends in enrollments/graduates continue and alternative sources of trained healthcare workers are unavailable. Maryland may successfully import trained practitioners (physicians/surgeons and dentists), because of the attraction of Maryland’s world renowned hospitals and medical institutions. However, alternative sources of trained workers may be less available for the six occupations asterisked below: Dentists Medical Transcriptionists * Registered Nurses * Diagnostic Medical Sonographers * Physicians and Surgeons Respiratory Therapists/Technicians * Medical & Clinical Lab Technologists * Radiologic Technologists/Technicians * • With no chiropractic programs offered in Maryland, all trained chiropractors must be imported into the State.
Slide 18: Figure 7 Comparison of Supply and Demand for Top Demand Healthcare Occupations Projected Total Annual Openings vs. Annual Graduates of Maryland’s Postsecondary Healthcare Programs 1600 RNs 14 Total Annual Openings 2000 - 2010 1400 Nursing Aides/Orderlies/Attendants Graduates in FY 2002 Bold Blue Font Programs with Decreased Enrollments and No Change or Decreased Graduates from 1993- 2002 1200 Physicians & Surgeons 1000 Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses Medical Assistants Radiologic Technologists/Technicians Medical Records & Health Info Techs 800 Respiratory Therapists/Technicians Pharmacy Technicians & Aides Medical & Clinical Lab Technologists Speech Language Pathologists Physical Therapist Assistants 200 0 . . 1484 839 607 593 341 285 105 80 250 216 50 94 215 203 5 89 201 192 85 99 180 142 96 80 128 122 57 76 109 105 0 82 93 52 86 9 86 45 82 43 82 202 81 0 67 38 . 1426 1248 404 255 The reader is cautioned in interpreting this comparative data to consider the notes provided on pages 1-2 of this report. Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation. Physician Assistants Physical Therapists Pharmacists EMT/Paramedics Dental Hygienists 400 Physical Therapist Aides Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 600 Medical Transcriptionists Medical & Clinical Lab Technicians Home Health Aides Dental Assistants Dentists Chiropractors
Slide 19: 15 D. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE PROJECTED DEMAND FOR MARYLAND’S TOP HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS AND REPORTED SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS There are various approaches to reducing the unmet demand for Maryland’s top healthcare occupations and bridging the gap between projected demand and reported supply. Identified below are some strategies to increase the supply and/or reduce the demand for qualified healthcare workers. There is not necessarily one strategy that fits all. Strategies to close gaps need to be tailored to specific occupations. 1. Increase the Supply of Qualified Healthcare Workers in Maryland Future Supply: • Increase retention and graduation rates of students enrolled in healthcare programs. • Increase enrollment capacity in existing and/or new healthcare programs by: (1) expanding the supply of qualified instructors and clinical sites and (2) providing financial assistance to institutions. • Increase access to healthcare programs by expanding: (1) student financial assistance, (2) the geographic distribution of health programs offered in the State, and (3) alternative training delivery methods including distance education and more flexible training schedules. • Develop career paths and articulated training programs to minimize the time and cost of training and the need to repeat coursework. • Increase the interest and ability of a diverse and non-traditional population to pursue health careers in Maryland. Attract youth, minorities, males, discharged military, dislocated workers, and other career changes to the healthcare fields. Existing Supply: • Import healthcare workers trained outside of Maryland. • Offer inducements for the return of qualified healthcare workers who are either: (1) not working, (2) working in other fields, or (3) working outside of the State. • Increase the training and advancement of existing healthcare workers to higher-level, higher-paid positions that are more difficult to fill. 2. Decrease the Demand (the Numbers Needed) for Maryland’s Top Demand Healthcare Occupations • • • Increase retention and reduce turnover of existing healthcare workers. Increase the efficiency and effectiveness of existing healthcare workers through: (1) increased use of technology and (2) effective utilization of clerical and patient care support staff to assist practitioners, therapists, nurses, and technologists. Promote wellness and preventive medicine.
Slide 20: 16 E. MARYLAND’S REPORTED POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL • • Figure 8 identifies the educational level of Maryland’s postsecondary healthcare programs included in this report. Listed are the education levels of programs that prepare graduates for the top demand healthcare occupations. Eight levels of postsecondary education are identified on Figure 8. Credit or Non-Credit Courses Bachelor’s Degree • • Private Career School Certificate Master’s Degree College Certificate Doctoral Degree Associate Degree 1st Professional Degree When multiple levels of postsecondary education are offered, the healthcare program type is listed according to the lowest level reported. Note that education requirements in Maryland are increasing for practitioners, therapists, and nurses while decreasing for technicians and aides. Evidence of these trends is summarized below and reported on Figure 8. • • • • • • The level of training increased for pharmacists, physical therapists, and respiratory therapists in Maryland.1 Maryland discontinued hospital-based diploma programs for licensed practical nurses (LPNs) in the mid-1990’s. Currently, LPNs must complete approved certificate programs offered by colleges. An increasing percentage of registered nurses (RNs) are completing bachelor’s degree programs.2 By contrast, dental assisting certificate and associate degree programs were discontinued by Maryland community colleges and replaced by community college non-credit/credit courses and private career school certificate programs. Only short-term training is required for new and emerging healthcare aide occupations (e.g. pharmacy aides, home health aides, physical therapist aides.) Many healthcare technician occupations only require completion of certificate or associate degree programs. For pharmacists, 1st professional degree programs replaced bachelor’s degree programs. In Maryland, doctoral degree programs in physical therapy are replacing bachelor and master degree programs. For respiratory therapists, associate and bachelor degree programs replaced certificate programs. 2 1 In FY 2002, 49% of the RN’s graduated from a bachelor’s degree program compared to 42% in FY 1993.
Slide 21: Figure 8 Maryland’s Reported Postsecondary Healthcare Programs by Educational Level (Programs Grouped by Lowest Educational Level Reported) Healthcare Programs 1st Professional Degree Dental (Dentists) Medicine (Physicians/Surgeons) Chiropractic Pharmacy (Pharmacists) Physical Therapy Graduate Degree Speech-Language Pathology Bachelor’s Degree Medical Lab Technology Physician Assistants Associate Degree Registered Nurse Dental Hygiene Respiratory Therapy Physical Therapy Assistant Certificate Radiologic Technology Diagnostic Medical Sonography Licensed Practical Nursing Medical Transcription Credit or Non-Credit Courses EMT/Paramedic Medical Assistant Medical Records Technology Medical Lab Technician Pharmacy Technician/Aide Dental Assistant Nursing Assistant Home Health Aide Physical Therapist Aides 17 Credit or Non-Credit Courses PCS College Certificate Certificate Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree 1st Professional Degree X X No MD Programs X X X X X X X X X X ** X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X * * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Strike-outs indicate levels of education that were discontinued during the period of FY 1993 – FY 2002. *Enrollment/graduate data not included in Sections I—III of this report, because complete data is unavailable. (See Appendix 4 for available data.) ** Admissions prerequisites of a bachelor’s degree for physician assistant certificate programs. Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 22: 18 III. MARYLAND’S TOP DEMAND HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS – BY CAREER PATHWAYS AND HEALTH FIELDS • • Supply and demand data for the top 25 demand healthcare occupations are organized by Career Pathways and Health Fields in Section III.1 Occupations are identified in more than one Career Pathway under Maryland’s Career Cluster System.2 For example, physicians are listed under Therapeutic and Diagnostic Services. Within this section, such occupations will be listed once under Therapeutic Services. A. Therapeutic Services – Health Career Pathway 1. Health Fields Medicine Occupations Physicians & Surgeons Physician Assistants Dentists Dental Hygienists Dental Assistants Physical Therapists Physical Therapist Assistants Physical Therapist Aides Speech-Language Pathologists 2. Health Fields Nursing Occupations Registered Nurses (BSN & ADN) Licensed Practical Nurses Nurse Assistants Home Health Aides Pharmacists Pharmacy Technicians & Aides Chiropractors Emergency Medical Technicians/Paramedics 3. 5. 7. Dentistry Physical Therapy Speech Pathology 4. 6. 8. Pharmacy Chiropractics Emergency Medical Technology/Paramedics B. Diagnostic Services – Health Career Pathway 1. Health Fields Health Technology Occupations Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Radiologic Technologists/Technicians Respiratory Therapists/Technicians 2. Health Fields Medical Lab Technology Occupations Medical Lab Technologists Medical Lab Technicians C. Infomatics – Health Career Pathway 1. Health Fields Medical Assistant Occupations Medical Assistants 2. Health Fields Medical Records Occupations Medical Records & Health Information Technicians Medical Transcriptionists Included are healthcare occupations with the greatest demand as measured by: (1) 2010 employment, (2) employment growth, and (3) total annual openings forecasted by the Maryland 2000-2010 Occupational Projections. Under the leadership of the Maryland State Department of Education, Maryland business leaders organized the State’s Career Cluster System. Maryland’s 10 Career Clusters encompass virtually all careers and levels of education. Career Cluster 6 is Health and Bioscience. Career Pathways were defined based on the major business functions identified by Maryland’s business leadership for the Career Cluster. 2 1
Slide 23: 19 • For each of the 12 healthcare fields, the following data are provided: 1. Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions – FY 1993-2002: A figure that charts 10-year trends in the number of graduates produced annually from healthcare programs offered by Maryland’s postsecondary educational institutions.1 Also reported on the figure are the total annual openings for related healthcare occupations as forecasted by the Maryland 2000 – 2010 Occupational Projections.2 2. Additional Demand and Supply Data: Included are: (1) number of licensees in FY 2002, (2) educational requirements for licensure and/or employment, (3) 10-year trends in enrollments and graduates, and (4) a listing of the higher education institutions included in the enrollment/graduate data reported. 3. Enrollments and Graduates in Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions: A table that reports 10year enrollment and graduate data by level of education. 1 In comparing the charts, please note that three different scales are used because of significant differences in the number of graduates reported in the health fields. The left axis of the charts is either: 300, 900, or 1,800 graduates. This report provides the most currently available data. In mid-2004, updated information will be released including 2002-2012 Maryland Occupational Projections and FY 2003 graduate/enrollment data for Maryland postsecondary healthcare programs. 2
Slide 24: 20 A. THERAPEUTIC SERVICES – HEALTH CAREER PATHWAY Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Medicine 900 800 700 593 Annual Openings 600 Number of Graduates 500 400 300 277 233 267 274 275 267 271 251 250 255 200 100 25 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 28 33 47 27 1997 1998 1999 47 36 2000 82 Annual Openings 63 2001 43 2002 Medicine (Physicians & Surgeons) Physician Assistant Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Report, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulations.
Slide 25: 21 FIELD OF MEDICINE 1. MEDICINE – PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for all physicians and surgeons is projected to increase by 14% to 23,045, with an estimated 593 total annual openings. Occupational Title Anesthesiologists Family & General Practitioners Internists, General Obstetricians & Gynecologists Pediatricians, General Psychiatrists Surgeons Physicians & Surgeons, All Other Physicians & Surgeons, ALL Hourly Wage $61.40 $51.94 $56.11 $61.35 $49.43 $56.67 $61.19 $53.72 NR 2000 Employment 1,020 11,618 3,504 673 689 1,400 1,293 71 20,268 2010 Employment 1,208 12,739 4,212 709 825 1,684 1,577 91 23,045 Change 2000-2010 # % 188 18% 1,121 10% 708 20% 36 5% 136 20% 284 20% 284 22% 20 28% 2,777 14% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 19 16 35 112 181 293 71 54 125 4 10 14 13 11 24 28 22 50 28 20 48 2 1 3 278 315 593 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 23,000 Maryland licensed physicians were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least a 1st professional degree in medicine from an approved medical school accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) is required to be licensed to practice medicine in Maryland. Medicine Program -- 1st Professional Degree Level. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s 1st professional degree programs in medicine are provided. Programs Medicine FY 1993 1065 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 1060 .5% 1023-1102 FY 1993 277 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 255 -8% 233-277 • • Enrollments increased by less than 1% and graduates decreased by 8% (from 277 to 255 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. 2 Maryland institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: 1st Professional Degree Programs – (1) Johns Hopkins University and (2) University of Maryland Baltimore.
Slide 26: 22 2. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for physician assistants is projected to increase by 51% to 1,698, with an estimated 82 total annual openings. Occupational Title Physician Assistants Hourly Wage $31.62 2000 Employment 2010 Employment Change 2000-2010 # % Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 1,123 1,698 575 51% 58 24 82 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 1,300 Maryland licensed physician assistants were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least a bachelor’s degree and completion of an accredited physician assistant program is required to be a licensed physician assistant in Maryland. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s physician assistant programs are provided. Note that the certificate programs identified below require a bachelor’s degree as an admissions prerequisite. Physician Assistant Programs – (1) Certificate, (2) Bachelor’s, & (3) Master’s Degree Levels. [Discontinued Associate Degrees]. Programs Physician Assistant FY 1993 117 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 258 121% 105-258 FY 1993 25 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 43 72% 0-47 • • • • Enrollments increased by 121% and graduates increased by 72% (from 25 to 43 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. After a steady increase from FY 1993-1997, the number of annual graduates fluctuated significantly due to changes in program offerings, with certificate programs replacing associate programs. During this transition, no graduates were produced in FY 1998. Enrollments significantly increased in FY 2001 and FY 2002 as a result of the addition of: (1) new certificate programs requiring a prerequisite of a bachelor’s degree and (2) new graduate degree programs. 4 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Certificate Programs Requiring a Bachelor’s Degree for Admission – (1) Anne Arundel Community College (new) and (2) Community College of Baltimore County (new). Associate Degree Program – [Discontinued program: (1) Community College of Baltimore County.] Bachelor’s Degree Program – (1) University of Maryland, Eastern Shore (new). Master’s Degree Program -- (1) Towson University (new).
Slide 27: 23 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Medicine Level Enrollments Physician Assistant Certificate Associate Bachelors Masters Sub-Total 1st Professional 1993 117 117 1065 1994 127 127 1099 1995 120 120 1102 1996 38 83 121 1081 1997 55 61 116 1062 1998 74 31 105 1039 1999 125 6 131 1035 2000 121 9 18 148 1023 2001 129 8 35 34 206 1043 2002 123 5 63 67 258 1060 % Change 1993-2002 -96% 121% .5% Medicine Graduates Physician Assistant Certificate Associate Sub-Total 1st Professional 25 25 277 28 28 233 33 33 267 47 47 274 27 27 275 0 0 267 24 23 47 271 15 21 36 251 63 63 250 43 43 255 72% -8% Medicine Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 28: 24 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Nursing 1800 1572 1595 1603 1603 1485 14731484 Annual Openings 1315 1426 1600 1459 1400 1567 Number of Graduates 1200 1000 800 600 400 183 127 0 1993 1994 1995 183 133 223 141 228 276 244 281 341 Annual Openings 304 322 294 200 93 1993 111 1997 83 1998 LPN 92 1999 RN 88 2000 96 2001 105 2002 Nurses (Post-Baccalaureate) The number of LPN graduates and RN graduates reported above were reduced by 35% and 7% respectively to avoid duplicate counting graduates with multiple nursing degrees/certificates. Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 29: 25 FIELD OF NURSING 1 1. NURSES (POST-BACCALAUREATE) DEMAND: Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010 do not provide a breakdown of the demand for nurses requiring graduate degrees. SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: At least a master’s degree in nursing is required of nursing instructors in Maryland. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s graduate degree programs in nursing are provided. Nursing Programs -- Master’s & Doctorate Degree Levels. Programs Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) FY 1993 814 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 845 4% 814-912 FY 1993 183 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 294 61% 183-322 • • • • Enrollments increased by 4% and graduates increased by 61% (from 183 to 294 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. The number of graduates steadily increased, reaching a peak of 322 in FY 2001. There is concern that nurses are enrolling in out-of-state graduate programs specifically designed to prepare nursing instructors. 6 Maryland institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Master’s Degree Programs -- (1) Bowie State University; (2) Coppin State College (new); (3) Johns Hopkins University; (4) Salisbury University; (5) Towson University; and (6) University of Maryland Baltimore. Doctorate Degree Programs -- (1) Johns Hopkins University and (2) University of Maryland Baltimore. The critical unmet demand for nurses is examined in depth in the report “Maryland’s Nursing Shortage: A Workforce Crisis” produced by the Center for HealthWorkforce Development, University of Maryland Baltimore in March, 2003. A listing of this and other important reports is provided as Appendix 1 of this document. 1
Slide 30: 26 2. REGISTERED NURSES (RN) DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment increased by 24% to 41,101, with an estimated 1,483 total annual openings. Occupational Title Registered Nurses Hourly Wage $23.71 2000 Employment 33,088 2010 Employment 41,101 Change 2000-2010 # % 8,013 24% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 801 683 1,484 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 50,000 Maryland licensed registered nurses were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least an associate degree in nursing is required to be a licensed registered nurse in Maryland. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s associate and bachelor’s degree programs in nursing are provided. Registered Nursing Programs – (1) Associate & (2) Bachelor’s Degree Levels. Programs Registered Nursing (RN) FY 1993 9,916 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 9,778 -1% 6,587-9,949 FY 1993 1,571 1,459 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 1,536 1,426 -2% 1,416-1,726 With 7% Adjustment1 • • • • Total enrollments decreased by 1% and graduates decreased by 2% (from 1,571 to 1,536 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. From FY 1993 to FY 2002, enrollments and graduates of associate degree programs decreased, while bachelor degree programs increased. Until FY 2001 and 2002, total enrollments were significantly down. Beginning in FY 1999 and continuing until FY 2002, graduates declined significantly reaching a low in FY 2001. Although graduates increased in FY 2002, the number of graduates has yet to return to the initial FY 1993 level. 23 Maryland institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland, (2) Anne Arundel Community College, (3) Baltimore City Community College, (4) Cecil Community College, (5) Chesapeake College (new), (6) College of Southern Maryland, (7) Community College of An estimated 7% of RN graduates earned multiple nursing degrees from FY 1993—FY 2002. To reduce duplicate counting, the number of RN graduates was reduced by 7%. These adjustments were based on data available for public colleges/universities and extrapolations for private colleges/universities. 1
Slide 31: 27 Baltimore County, (8) Frederick Community College, (9) Hagerstown Community College, (10) Harford Community College, (11) Howard Community College, (12) Montgomery College, (13) Prince George’s Community College, and (14) Wor-Wic Community College. Bachelor’s Degree Programs – (1) Bowie State University, (2) College of Notre Dame of Maryland, (3) Columbia Union College, (4) Coppin State College, (5) Johns Hopkins University, (6) Salisbury University, (7) Towson University, (8)Villa Julie College, and (9) University of Maryland Baltimore. 3. LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES (LPN) DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for licensed practical nurses is projected to increase by 27% to 8,216, with an estimated 341 total annual openings. Occupational Title Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses Hourly Wage 17.39 2000 Employment 6,467 2010 Employment 8,216 Change 2000-2010 # % 1,749 27% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 175 166 341 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: At least a certificate in nursing approved by the Maryland Board of Nursing is required to be a licensed practical nurse (LPN) in Maryland. In the mid-1990’s, hospital-based diploma programs were discontinued in Maryland. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s LPN nursing programs are provided. Licensed Practical Nursing Programs – College Certificate Level [Discontinued PCS Certificate Programs]. Programs Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN) FY 1993 475 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 628 32% 375-628 FY 1993 196 127 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 161 105 -18% 128-217 With 35% Adjustment1 • • • Enrollments increased by 32% and graduates decreased by 18% (from 196 to 161) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Enrollments significantly declined following the elimination of all hospital-based diploma programs. With the establishment of several new community college programs, enrollments jumped 68% (375 to 628) from FY 2000 to FY 2002. 13 Maryland institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Private Career School Certificate Program – [Discontinued -- Johnson School of Practical Nursing.] An estimated 35% of LPN graduates earned multiple nursing certificates/degrees from FY 1993 – FY 2002. To reduce duplicate counting, the number of LPN graduates was reduced by 35%. These adjustments were made based on available data from public colleges/universities. 1
Slide 32: 28 College Certificate Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland, (2) Anne Arundel Community College (new), (3) Baltimore City Community College (new), (4) Carroll Community College (new), (5) Cecil Community College (new), (6) Chesapeake College (new), (7) College of Southern Maryland, (8) Frederick Community College, (9) Harford Community College, (10) Howard Community College (new), (11) Prince George’s Community College, and (12) Wor-Wic Community College.
Slide 33: 29 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Nursing % Change 1993-2002 121% 32% -9% 19% -1% 6% -12% 4% Level Enrollments Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) PCS Certificate Certificate Sub-Total Registered Nurse (RN) Associate Bachelors Sub-Total Masters Doctorate Sub-Total 1993 191 284 475 7332 2584 9916 714 100 814 1994 217 347 564 7098 2851 9949 779 108 887 1995 222 358 580 6642 2804 9446 762 97 859 1996 0 391 391 5936 2716 8652 781 117 898 1997 0 395 395 5704 2528 8232 775 109 884 1998 0 410 410 5562 2404 7966 821 91 912 1999 0 394 394 4469 2299 6768 785 97 882 2000 0 375 375 4288 2299 6587 789 81 870 2001 0 457 457 5334 2565 7899 813 82 895 2002 0 628 628 6697 3081 9778 757 88 845 Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Graduates Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) PCS Certificate Certificate Sub-Total 35% Reduction Registered Nurse (RN) Associate Bachelors Sub-Total 7% Reduction Masters Doctorate Sub-Total 56 140 196 127 903 668 1571 1459 179 4 183 72 133 205 133 982 705 1687 1567 175 8 183 79 138 217 141 909 784 1693 1572 214 9 223 0 144 144 93 882 836 1718 1595 215 13 228 0 171 171 111 843 883 1726 1603 257 19 276 0 128 128 83 841 885 1726 1603 227 17 244 0 142 142 92 768 831 1599 1485 268 13 281 0 136 136 88 791 795 1586 1473 290 14 304 0 148 148 96 689 727 1416 1315 305 17 322 0 161 161 105 789 747 1536 1426 285 9 294 15% -18% -13% 12% -2% Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) 59% 125% 61% Note: Adjustments were made to reduce duplicate counting graduates earning multiple nursing degrees/certificates from FY 1993—FY 2002. Graduates of college LPN certificate programs were reduced by 35% and graduates of RN programs by 7%. Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 34: 30 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Nursing (Continued) 1800 1600 1400 1248 Number of Graduates 1200 1000 906 800 647 600 552 574 630 813 Annual Openings 411 400 273 200 167 0 1993 1994 1995 1993 1997 1998 1999 2000 215 Annual Openings 0 2001 5 2002 Nurse Assistant Home Health Aide Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 35: 31 4. NURSING ASSISTANTS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for nursing aides, orderlies, attendants is projected to increase by 30% to 25,623, with an estimated 839 total annual openings. Occupational Title Nursing Aides, Orderlies, Attendants Hourly Wage $10.95 2000 Employment 19,775 2010 Employment 25,623 Change 2000-2010 # % 5,848 30% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 585 254 839 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 47,551Maryland licensed nursing assistants and home health aides were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: Federal and State laws require all nursing assistants (Certified Nursing Assistants, Geriatric Nursing Assistants and Certified Medicine Aides) to be certified to work in licensed healthcare facilities. To be certified in Maryland, completion of on-the-job training or short term training programs approved by the Maryland Board of Nursing is required. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s Certified Nursing Assistant programs are provided.1 Certified Nursing Assistant Programs – (1) Non-Credit Course, (2) PCS Certificate, & (3) College Certificate Levels. Programs Nursing Assistant FY 1993 371 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 1,799 385% 0-1,799 FY 1993 167 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 1,248 647% 0-1,248 • • Enrollments increased by 385% and graduates increased by 647% (167 to 1,248) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. These increases were due to: (1) several new certificate programs offered by private career schools and (2) the first time reporting of data for non-credit WIA eligible training in FY 2001 and FY 2002. Training programs were created and/or expanded in response to new requirements for certified nursing assistants. 20 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – (1) Baltimore City Community College, (2) Carroll Community College, (3) Chesapeake College, (4) College of Southern Maryland, (5) Community College of Baltimore County, (6) Frederick Community College, (7) Garrett College, (8) Harford Community College, (9) Hagerstown Community College, (10) Howard Community College, (11) Prince George’s Community College, and (12) Wor-Wic Community College. Graduate and enrollment data are provided for: (1) certificate programs and (2) WIA eligible courses offered by 12 community colleges and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other Maryland community colleges. (Appendices 4 and 5 report available data for community college non-credit courses and high school programs.) 1
Slide 36: 32 Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Programs – (1) Adventist Health Care: Health Careers Training Center (new), (2) American Red Cross, Central Maryland Chapter (new), and (3) Americare School of Allied Health – Silver Spring (new). [Discontinued programs: (1) Americare School of Allied Health – Baltimore, (2) Deaton,(3) Health Training Institute and (4) PTC] College Certificate Program – (1) Allegany College of Maryland (new). 5. HOME HEALTH AIDES DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for home health aides is projected to increase by 45% to 5,364, with an estimated 215 total annual openings. Occupational Title Home Health Aides Hourly Wage $8.59 2000 Employment 3,694 2010 Employment 5,364 Change 2000-2010 # % 1,670 45% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 167 48 215 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 47,551Maryland licensed nursing assistants and home health aides were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: Completion of approved short-term training is required to be a certified home health aide in Maryland. Home health aide courses are offered at the community colleges. Enrollment and graduate data for Maryland’s home health aide training offerings are provided.1 Home Health Aide Programs – Credit Course Level. Programs Home Health Aide FY 1993 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 5 FY 1993 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 5 - • • There was first-time reporting of data for WIA eligible courses for home health aides in FY 2001 and FY 2002. 1 Maryland institution offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – College of Southern Maryland. 1 Graduate and enrollment data are provided for WIA eligible courses offered by 1 community college and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other Maryland community colleges. (Appendix 4 reports available data for community college non-credit courses.)
Slide 37: 33 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Nursing Assistant and Home Health Aide Level Enrollments Nurse Assistant & Aide CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Sub-Total 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 797 530 0 1327 2002 1081 705 13 1799 % Change 1993-2002 90% 385% 371 0 371 0 0 0 441 0 441 809 0 809 885 0 885 1009 0 1009 837 0 837 604 0 604 Home Health Aide CC Courses (WIA) - - - - - - - - 6 5 - Graduates Nurse Assistant & Aide CC Courses (WIA) PCS Certificate Sub-Total CC Courses (WIA) 167 167 - 0 0 - 273 273 - 552 552 - 574 574 - 647 647 - 630 630 - 411 411 - 512 394 906 0 756 492 1248 5 195% 647% - Home Health Aide Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 38: 34 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Dentistry 300 250 200 Number of Graduates 201 Annual Openings 192 Annual Openings 150 122 Annual Openings 100 99 99 91 99 93 81 50 85 83 91 93 92 93 92 87 76 82 69 70 77 77 75 70 88 84 84 58 30 85 76 53 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dental Dental Hygiene Dental Assisting Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 39: 35 FIELD OF DENTISTRY 1. DENTISTS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000 – 2010, employment for dentists is projected to increase by 9% to 6,049 in 2010, with an estimated 192 total annual openings. Occupational Title Dentists Hourly Wage $45.75 2000 Employment 5,567 2010 Employment 6,049 Change 2000-2010 # 482 % 9% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth 48 Replacements 144 Total 192 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 5,260 Maryland licensed dentists were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least a 1st professional degree in dentistry from a school accredited by the American Dental Association’s Commission on Dental Accreditation is required to practice dentistry in Maryland. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s 1st professional degree program in dentistry are provided. Dentistry Program -- 1st Professional Degree Level Program Dentistry • FY 1993 387 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 380 -2% 380-394 FY 1993 99 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 99 0% 83-99 Enrollments decreased by 2% and graduates remained unchanged at 99 from FY 1993 to FY 2002. 1 Maryland institution offered the program included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: 1st Professional Degree Program -- University of Maryland Baltimore. •
Slide 40: 36 2. DENTAL HYGIENISTS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for dental hygienists is projected to increase by 41% to 3,125, with an estimated 122 total annual openings. Occupational Title Dental Hygienists Hourly Wage $22.03 2000 Employment 2,223 2010 Employment 3,125 Change 2000-2010 # % 902 41% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 90 32 122 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 2,538 Maryland licensed dental hygienists were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least an associate degree from an accredited dental hygiene program is required to be a licensed dental hygienist in Maryland.1 Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s dental hygiene programs are provided. Dental Hygienist Programs – (1) Associate, (2) Bachelor’s, & (3) Master’s Degree Levels. Programs Dental Hygiene FY 1993 222 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 248 12% 164-248 FY 1993 93 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 76 -18% 70-93 • • • Enrollments increased by 12% and graduates decreased by 18% (from 93 to 76 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Most graduates complete associate degree programs. 3 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland and (2) Baltimore City Community College. Bachelor’s Degree Program – (1) University of Maryland Baltimore. Master’s Degree Program – (1) University of Maryland Baltimore. 1 The Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association accredits dental hygiene programs.
Slide 41: 37 3. DENTAL ASSISTANTS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for dental assistants is projected to increase by 41% to 4,798, with an estimated 201 total annual openings. Occupational Title Dental Assistants Hourly Wage $13.42 2000 Employment 3,400 2010 Employment 4,798 Change 2000-2010 # % 1,398 41% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 140 61 201 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 5,383 Maryland licensed dental assistants were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: A State license is available (but not mandatory) to be employed as a dental assistant in Maryland. Licensure requires: (1) completion of formal training, (2) 6-months of job experience, and (3) passage of an examination. Currently, dental assistant training is provided at the non-degree level. Maryland community colleges discontinued their associate degree and certificate programs. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s dental assistant training are provided.1 Dental Assistant Programs – (1) Non-Credit Course & (2) PCS Certificate Levels. [Discontinued College Certificate/Associate Programs] Programs Dental Assisting FY 1993 155 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 240 55% 108-240 FY 1993 81 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 85 5% 30-85 • • • Enrollments increased by 55% and graduates increased by 5% (from 81 to 85 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Increases were due in part to the first-time reporting of data for WIA eligible courses in FY 2001 and FY 2002. 8 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – (1) Anne Arundel Community College, (2) Montgomery College, (3) Prince George’s Community College, and (4) Wor-Wic Community College. Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Programs – (1) Medix School. College Certificate Programs – [Discontinued programs: (1) Allegany College of Maryland, (2) Baltimore City Community College, (3) Community College of Baltimore County, and (4) Montgomery College.] Associate Degree Programs – [Discontinued programs: (1) Community College of Baltimore County (2) Montgomery College.] Graduate and enrollment data are provided for: (1) degree and certificate programs and (2) WIA eligible courses offered by 4 community colleges and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other Maryland community colleges. (Appendices 4 and 5 report available data for community college non-credit courses and high school programs.) 1
Slide 42: 38 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Dentistry Level Enrollments Dental Assisting CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total Associate Bachelors Masters Sub-Total 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 58 120 2 2 182 153 60 9 222 2002 107 132 0 1 240 179 59 10 248 % Change 1993-2002 -13% 0% 55% 19% -3% 0% 12% 152 2 1 155 151 61 10 222 145 1 2 148 147 56 11 214 138 1 1 140 156 58 7 221 169 1 0 170 125 54 6 185 159 0 0 159 153 59 6 218 143 0 0 143 126 62 6 194 126 0 0 126 130 59 10 199 107 1 0 108 100 58 6 164 Dental Hygiene Dentistry 1st Professional 1st Prof. Cert. Sub-Total 387 51 438 390 63 453 394 66 460 392 62 454 391 67 458 387 67 454 388 64 452 387 67 454 387 68 455 380 67 447 -2% 31% 2% Graduates Dental Assisting CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Sub-Total Associate Bachelors Masters Sub-Total 1st Professional 1st Prof. Cert. Sub-Total 76 5 81 61 29 3 93 99 18 117 70 70 57 26 2 85 83 25 108 69 69 52 28 2 82 91 37 128 76 76 58 26 3 87 93 31 124 77 77 48 28 1 77 91 33 124 75 75 44 25 1 70 99 26 125 53 53 56 32 0 88 92 35 127 30 30 56 25 3 84 93 33 126 10 48 58 56 26 2 84 92 34 126 36 49 85 46 28 2 76 99 33 132 -36% 5% -25% -3% -33% -18% 0% 83% 13% Dental Hygiene Dentistry Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 43: 39 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Pharmacy 300 285 Annual Openings 250 Number of Graduates 200 203 Annual Openings 150 106 100 86 74 50 47 83 98 98 95 91 89 80 22 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Pharmacy 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Pharmacy Technician & Aide Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 44: 40 FIELD OF PHARMACY 1. PHARMACISTS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for pharmacists is projected to increase by 19% to 4,755, with an estimated 203 total annual openings. Occupational Title Pharmacists Hourly Wage $34.54 2000 Employment 3,983 2010 Employment 4,755 Change 2000-2010 # % 772 19% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 77 126 203 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 6,853 Maryland licensed pharmacists were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: Completion of an accredited degree program in pharmacy is required to be employed as a pharmacist in Maryland. The level of degree required for licensure depends upon the date of graduation. A 1st professional degree is required unless an individual is covered by the grandfather provision. In the early 1990’s, the bachelor’s degree program in pharmacy was discontinued and replaced by a 1st professional degree. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s entry-level pharmacy programs are provided.1 Pharmacy Program -- 1st Professional Degree Level. [Discontinued Bachelor’s Degree Program]. Programs Pharmacy FY 1993 316 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 423 34% 296-423 FY 1993 106 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 89 -16% 47-106 • • Enrollments increased by 34% and graduates decreased by 16% (from 106 to 89) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. The number of graduates decreased when the bachelor’s program was discontinued and replaced by the 1st professional degree. Enrollment in the 1st professional degree program has steadily increased since the 1st professional degree began in FY 1994. Enrollment is expected to level out at 480 in FY 2005 when the capacity of the physical facilities is reached. 1 Maryland institution offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Bachelor’s Degree Program – [Discontinued: University of Maryland Baltimore]. 1st Professional Degree Program -- University of Maryland Baltimore. • A special non-traditional opportunity was offered to licensed pharmacists who wished to earn the new Doctor of Pharmacy degree. This program is no longer admitting new students. Enrollments and graduates of this program are not included in the data provided for entry-level pharmacists. 1
Slide 45: 41 2. PHARMACY TECHNICIANS & AIDES DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for pharmacy technicians is projected to increase by 41% to 4,220, with an estimated 199 annual openings. Employment for pharmacy aides is projected to increase by 17% to 2,318, with an estimated 86 annual openings. Occupational Title Pharmacy Technicians Pharmacy Aides Subtotal Hourly Wage $12.73 $11.13 2000 Employment 3,002 1,982 4,984 2010 Employment 4,220 2,318 6,538 Change 2000-2010 # % 1,218 41% 336 17% 1,554 31% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 122 77 199 34 53 86 156 130 285 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a pharmacy technician in Maryland. Voluntary pharmacy technician certification is available to those passing a national exam offered by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB). Nationally, there are efforts to establish standards of responsibility and education for pharmacy technicians. Currently, pharmacy technician training differs in many respects including length. Training for pharmacy technicians/aides is offered at the certificate and course level. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s pharmacy technician/aide programs are provided.1 Pharmacy Technician & Aide Programs – Non-Credit Course (WIA Eligible) & College Certificate Level. Programs Pharmacy Technician & Pharmacy Aide FY 1993 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 109 0-109 FY 1993 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 80 0-80 • • • Enrollments and graduates are expected to increase significantly with the addition of several new pharmacy technician & aide programs offered at the certificate and non-degree levels. 79 completed non-credit training in FY 2002. In FY 2001 and FY 2002, there was first-time reporting of data for WIA eligible courses. 5 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) -- (1) Community College of Baltimore County and (2) Montgomery College. College Certificate Programs: (1) Allegany College of Maryland (new), (2) Anne Arundel Community College (new), and (3) TESST College of Technology (new). Graduate and enrollment data are provided for: (1) certificate programs and (2) WIA eligible courses offered by 2 community colleges and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other Maryland community colleges. (Appendices 4 and 5 report available data for community college non-credit courses and high school programs.) 1
Slide 46: 42 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Pharmacy Level Enrollments Pharmacy Techician & Aide CC Courses (WIA) Certificate Sub-Total Bachelors 1st Professional Sub-Total 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 2 2 373 373 2001 23 9 32 385 385 2002 85 24 109 423 423 % Change 1993-2002 34% Pharmacy (Pharmacist) 316 0 316 192 104 296 47 273 320 367 367 390 390 397 397 392 392 Graduates Pharmacy Technician & Aide CC Courses(WIA) Certificate Sub-Total Bachelors 1st Professional Sub-Total 106 106 86 86 47 47 74 74 83 83 98 98 98 98 95 95 22 22 91 91 79 1 80 89 89 -16% Pharmacy (Pharmacist) Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections. Adjustments made to subtract from the totals enrollments and graduates of the Non-traditional Pharmacy 1st Professional Degree.
Slide 47: 43 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Physical Therapy 300 250 Number of Graduates 200 203 150 146 148 105 Annual Openings 100 73 50 24 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 22 20 64 77 62 94 86 84 73 86 86 Annual Openings 82 82 81 Annual Openings 56 82 45 Physical Therapy Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Aide Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 48: 44 FIELD OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 1. PHYSICAL THERAPISTS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for physical therapists is projected to increase by 28% to 2,490, with an estimated 105 total annual openings. Occupational Title Physical Therapists Hourly Wage $29.29 2000 Employment 1,943 2010 Employment 2,490 Change 2000-2010 # % 547 28% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 55 50 105 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 3,500 Maryland licensed physical therapists were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: A degree from a physical therapy program accredited by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) is required to be a licensed physical therapist in Maryland. The level of degree required for licensure depends upon the date of graduation. At least a master’s degree is required unless the individual is covered by the grandfather provision. Admissions to Maryland’s master’s programs in physical therapy are now closed and 1st professional degree programs are replacing them. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s programs in physical therapy are provided. Physical Therapy Programs – 1st Professional Degree Level. [Discontinued Bachelor’s & Master’s Degree Programs.] Programs Physical Therapy FY 1993 187 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 246 32% 187-275 FY 1993 73 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 82 12% 73-203 • • • Enrollments increased by 32% and graduates increased by 12% (from 73 to 82 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. At the beginning of the 10-year period, bachelor’s degree programs were replaced by master’s degree programs that now are being replaced by 1st professional degree programs in Maryland. Two Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Bachelor’s Degree Programs – [Discontinued: (1) University of Maryland Baltimore and (2) University of Maryland, Eastern Shore.] Master’s degree programs – [Admission now closed: (1) University of Maryland Baltimore and (2) University of Maryland, Eastern Shore.] 1st Professional Degree Programs – (1) University of Maryland Baltimore (new) and (2) University of Maryland, Eastern Shore (new).
Slide 49: 45 2. PHYSICAL THERAPIST ASSISTANTS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for physical therapist assistants is projected to increase by 52% to 1,602, with an estimated 86 annual openings. Occupational Title Physical Therapist Assistants Hourly Wage $16.99 2000 Employment 1,055 2010 Employment 1,602 Change 2000-2010 # % 547 52% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 55 31 86 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 900 Maryland licensed physical therapist assistants were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least an associate degree from a program accredited by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) is required to be a licensed physical therapist assistant in Maryland. Most of these associate degree programs began in the 1990’s. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s physical therapist assistant programs are provided. Physical Therapy Assistant Programs – Associate Degree Level. Programs Physical Therapist Assistant FY 1993 55 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 168 205% 55-641 FY 1993 24 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 45 88% 20-94 • • • Enrollments increased by 205% and graduates increased by 88% (from 24 to 45 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. After a peak enrollment of 641 in FY 1997, enrollments began a steady decline and have remained relatively low (187 and 168) in FY 2001 and FY 2002. 7 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported. Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland (new), (2) Baltimore City Community College, (3) Carroll Community College (new), and (4) Montgomery College (new). In addition, the Chesapeake Area Consortium for Higher Education jointly offers the program with: (1) Anne Arundel Community College (new), (2) College of Southern Maryland (new), and (3) Chesapeake College (new).
Slide 50: 46 3. PHYSICAL THERAPIST AIDES DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for physical therapy aides is projected to increase by 54% to 1,509, with an estimated 81 annual openings. Occupational Title Physical Therapist Aides Hourly Wage $10.62 2000 Employment 983 2010 Employment 1,509 Change 2000-2010 # % 526 54% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 53 28 81 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: Credit and non-credit courses are offered at the community colleges for physical therapist aides. Incomplete enrollment and graduate data for Maryland’s physical therapist aide programs are provided.1 Physical Therapy Assistant Programs – Credit Course Level. Programs Physical Therapist Aide FY 1993 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 0 0-5 FY 1993 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 0 0 • • There was first time reporting of WIA eligible courses for physical therapist aides in FY 2001 and FY 2002. 1 Maryland institution offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported. Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – Chesapeake College. Graduate and enrollment data are provided for WIA eligible courses offered by 1 community college and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other Maryland community colleges. (Appendix 4 reports available data for community college non-credit courses.) 1
Slide 51: 47 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Physical Therapy Level Enrollments Physical Therapy Aide Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy CC Courses(WIA) Associate Bachelors Masters st 1 Professional Sub-Total 1993 55 52 135 187 1994 184 26 230 256 1995 393 0 266 266 1996 510 0 272 272 1997 641 0 275 275 1998 458 0 272 272 1999 424 0 259 7 266 2000 215 0 220 8 228 2001 5 182 2 176 25 203 2002 0 168 3 122 121 246 % Change 1993-2002 205% -94% -10% 32% Graduates Physical Therapy Aide Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy CC Courses(WIA) Associate Bachelors Masters st 1 Professional Sub-Total 24 73 73 20 203 203 22 92 54 146 64 83 65 148 62 77 77 94 86 86 73 84 84 82 86 86 0 56 82 82 0 45 81 1 82 88% 12% Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 52: 48 FIELD OF CHIROPRACTICS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for chiropractors is projected to increase by 36% to 2,513, with an estimated 109 annual openings. Occupational Title Chiropractors Hourly Wage $30.96 2000 Employment 1,846 2010 Employment 2,513 Change 2000-2010 # % 667 36% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 67 42 109 SUPPLY: Existing Licensee: 650 Maryland licensed chiropractors were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least a professional degree in chiropractics is required to be a licensed chiropractor in Maryland. There are no chiropractic programs offered by Maryland higher education institutions.
Slide 53: 49 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Speech--Language Pathology 300 250 200 Number of Graduates 150 142 Annual Openings 114 100 77 67 50 73 90 89 86 77 90 80 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Speech--Language Pathology Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 54: 50 FIELD OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for speech-language pathologists is projected to increase by 34% to 3,217, with an estimated 142 annual openings. Occupational Title Speech-Language Pathologists Hourly Wage $27.98 2000 Employment 2,406 2010 Employment 3,217 Change 2000-2010 # % 811 34% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 81 61 142 SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 2,033 Maryland licensed speech-language pathologists were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: At least a master’s degree from an accredited program is required to be a licensed speech-language pathologist in Maryland.1 Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s graduate degree programs in speech-language pathology are provided. Speech-Language Pathology Programs – (1) Master’s & (2) Doctorate Degree Levels. Programs Speech-Language Pathology FY 1993 188 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 197 5% 188-240 FY 1993 67 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 80 19% 67-114 • • • Enrollments increased by 5% and graduates increased by 19% (from 67 to 80 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Most graduates completed master’s degree programs. Three Maryland institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Master’s Degree Programs – (1) Loyola College, (2) Towson University, and (3) University of Maryland, College Park. Doctorate Degree Programs – (1) University of Maryland, College Park. The Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association accredit programs in audiology and speech-language pathology. 1
Slide 55: 51 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Speech-Language Pathology Level Enrollments Speech-Language Pathology Masters Doctorate Sub-Total 1993 4 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 % Change 1993-2002 179 9 188 190 5 195 208 3 211 199 5 204 187 2 189 195 6 201 225 7 232 233 7 240 195 7 202 192 5 197 7% -44% 5% Graduates Speech-Language Pathology Masters Doctorate Sub-Total 67 0 67 76 1 77 72 1 73 89 1 90 86 3 89 85 1 86 77 0 77 90 0 90 114 0 114 80 0 80 19% 19% Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 56: 52 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Emergency Medical Technology/Paramedic 300 250 Number of Graduates 200 150 128 Annual Openings 103 100 58 50 48 45 60 55 48 52 45 57 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Emergency Medical Technology Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 57: 53 FIELD OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND PARAMEDICS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for emergency medical technicians and paramedics is projected to increase by 39% to 2,749, with an estimated 128 total annual openings. Occupational Title Hourly Wage $13.59 2000 Employment 1,974 2010 Employment 2,750 Change 2000-2010 # % 776 39% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 78 50 128 EMT and Paramedics SUPPLY: Existing Licensees: 15,172 Emergency Medical Technicians-Basic (EMT-B), 2,091 Emergency Medical Technicians-Paramedic (EMTP), 710 Emergency Medical Technicians-Cardiac Rescue Technicians (CRT) were reported in FY 2002. Supply from Maryland Higher Education Institutions: Completion of a course approved by the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services System (MIEMSS) is required to be certified in Maryland. The length of training required varies depending upon the specific certification. Currently, there are five levels of pre-hospital medical certification and training which are divided into two categories: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS). Basic Life Support (BLS) is provided by the: o First Responder – 40 hours of training required. o Emergency Medical Technician-Ambulance (EMT-A) – 100 hours of training required. o Emergency Medical Technician-Basic (EMT-B) – 131 hours of training required. Advanced Life Support (ALS) is provided by the: o Cardiac Rescue Technician (CRT) – 240 hours of training required o Emergency Medical Technician – Paramedic (EMT-P) – 500 hours of training required. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s Advanced Life Support EMT programs are provided.1 Graduate and enrollment data are provided for degree and certificate programs. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at Maryland community colleges. (Appendices 4 and 5 report available data for community college non-credit courses and high school programs.) 1
Slide 58: 54 Emergency Medical Technology Programs -- (1) College Certificate, (2) Associate, (3) Bachelor’s, & (4) Master’s Degree Levels. [Discontinued PCS Certificate Programs]. Programs EMT FY 1993 397 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 436 10% 361-468 FY 1993 48 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 57 19% 45-103 • • • Enrollments increased by 10% and graduates increased by 19% (from 48 to 57 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Enrollments and graduates are anticipated to increase significantly as a result of several new certificate and associate degree programs. 12 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Program – [Discontinued program: (1) May Emergency]. College Certificate Programs – (1) Anne Arundel Community College, (2) Baltimore City Community College, (3) College of Southern Maryland (new), (4) Community College of Baltimore County, (5) Frederick Community College (new), (6) Hagerstown Community College, (7) Howard Community College (new), (8) Prince George’s Community College (new), (9) Wor-Wic Community College (new). Associate Degree Programs – (1) Anne Arundel Community College, (2) Baltimore City Community College, (3) Cecil Community College (new), (4) College of Southern Maryland (new), (5) Community College of Baltimore County, (6) Frederick Community College (new), (7) Hagerstown Community College (new), (8) Howard Community College (new), (9) Prince George’s Community College (new), (10) Wor-Wic Community College (new). Bachelor’s Degree Programs – (1) University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Master’s Degree Programs – (1) University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Slide 59: 55 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Emergency Medical Technology/Paramedic Level Enrollments Emergency Medical Technology PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Bachelors Masters Sub-Total 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 86 77 165 112 28 468 1998 101 178 102 40 421 1999 80 160 92 29 361 2000 95 176 99 32 402 2001 92 198 91 37 418 2002 94 220 86 36 436 % Change 1993-2002 -12% 50% -31% 89% 10% 107 147 124 19 397 111 140 122 21 394 109 163 126 27 425 106 184 122 36 448 Graduates Emergency Medical Technology PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Bachelors Masters Sub-Total 24 8 15 1 48 15 4 19 7 45 16 11 28 3 58 14 8 33 5 60 43 4 17 30 9 103 7 19 21 8 55 5 4 28 11 48 9 11 25 7 52 9 14 13 9 45 9 18 20 10 57 -63% 125% 33% 900% 19% Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 60: 56 B. DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES – CAREER PATHWAY Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Health Technology 300 250 250 Annual Openings Number of Graduates 200 159 150 142 193 173 180 Annual Openings 151 155 133 106 128 76 122 96 67 Annual Openings 100 74 50 58 76 69 48 81 96 80 46 48 38 91 46 33 51 25 50 38 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Medical Sonography Radiologic Technology Respiratory Technology/Technician Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 61: 57 FIELD OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY 1. DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHERS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for diagnostic medical sonographers is projected to increase by 30% to 1,680, with an estimated 67 annual openings. Occupational Title Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Hourly Wage $23.29 2000 Employment 1,294 2010 Employment 1,680 Change 2000-2010 # % 386 30% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 39 28 67 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a diagnostic medical sonographer. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) accredits diagnostic medical sonography program including certificate programs and associate degree programs offered in Maryland. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s diagnostic medical sonography programs are provided. Diagnostic Medical Sonography Programs -- PCS Certificate, College Certificate, and Associate Degree Levels Programs Diagnostic Medical Sonography FY 1993 255 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 133 -48% 123-255 FY 1993 58 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 38 -34% 25-69 • • • Enrollments decreased by 48% and graduates decreased by 34% (from 58 to 38 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. During this period, community college certificate and associate degree programs were discontinued at one community college. In FY 2002, 66% of the graduates completed certificate programs offered by private career schools. 4 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Programs – (1) The Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Medical Imaging and (2) Ultrasound Diagnostic School. College Certificate Programs – (1) Montgomery College. [Discontinued program: (1) Community College of Baltimore County] Associate Degree Programs – (1) Montgomery College. [Discontinued program: (1) Community College of Baltimore County]
Slide 62: 58 2. RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS/TECHNICIANS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections for 2000-2010, employment for radiologic technologists and technicians is projected to increase by 17% to 5,398, with an estimated 180 annual openings. Occupational Title Radiologic Technologists & Technicians Hourly Wage $20.88 2000 Employment 4,617 2010 Employment 5,398 Change 2000-2010 # % 781 17% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 78 101 180 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: To be a licensed radiologic technologist in Maryland, graduation is required from an approved associate degree or hospital-based program.1 Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s programs are provided. Radiologic Technology Programs -- (1) PCS Certificate, (2) Associate, & (3) Bachelor’s Degree Levels. Programs Radiologic Technology FY 1993 1,106 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 729 -34% 486-1,106 FY 1993 142 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 96 -32% 96-193 • • • Enrollments decreased by 34% and graduates decreased by 32% (from 142 to 96 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. The first enrollments in the new bachelor’s program were in FY 1998 and the first graduates in FY 2001. 15 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Program – (1) Greater Baltimore Medical Center School of Radiology, (2) Holy Cross Hospital School of Radiologic Technology, (3) Maryland General Hospital School of Radiologic Technology, (4) The Johns Hopkins Hospital Schools of Medical Imaging, and (5) Washington Adventist Hospital School of Radiography. [Discontinued program: (1) Mercy Hospital]. Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland, (2) Anne Arundel Community College, (3) Chesapeake College, (4) Community College of Baltimore County, (5) Hagerstown Community College, (6) Montgomery College, (7) Prince George’s Community College, and (8) Wor-Wic Community College. Bachelor’s Degree Program – (1) College of Notre Dame of Maryland (new). [Discontinued program: (1) Hood College]. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) and the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) accredit radiologic technology programs. 1
Slide 63: 59 3. RESPIRATORY THERAPISTS/TECHNICIANS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections from 2000-2010, employment for respiratory therapists is projected to increase by 28% to 1,490, with an estimated 61 annual openings. Employment for respiratory therapy technicians is projected to increase by 26% to 4,588, with an estimated 189 annual openings. Occupational Title Respiratory Therapists Respiratory Therapy Technicians Subtotal Hourly Wage $20.53 $20.29 2000 Employment 1,168 3,635 4,803 2010 Employment 1,490 4,588 6,078 Change 2000-2010 # % 322 28% 953 26% 1,275 27% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 32 29 61 95 94 189 127 123 250 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: To be a licensed respiratory therapist in Maryland, graduation is required from a program accredited by the Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) and the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP). Currently, at least an associate degree is required for entry into the field of respiratory therapy. Discontinued is national certification of respiratory therapy technicians completing 1-year certificate programs. Currently, there are two levels of national certification: Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) and the advanced Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT). Graduates of associate and bachelor’s degree programs are eligible to take the examinations for CRT and RRT certification. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s respiratory therapy programs are provided. Respiratory Therapy/Technician Programs -- (1) Associate & (2) Bachelor’s Degree Levels. [Discontinued College Certificate Programs] Programs Respiratory Therapy/Technician FY 1993 421 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 200 -53% 157-393 FY 1993 74 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 50 -32% 50-106 • • • Enrollments decreased by 53% and graduates decreased by 32% (from 74 to 50 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. All certificate programs to prepare respiratory therapy technicians were discontinued by community colleges during this 10-year period. 7 institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: College Certificate Programs – [Discontinued programs: (1) Baltimore City Community College and (2) Community College of Baltimore County]. Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland, (2) Baltimore City Community College, (3) Columbia Union College, (4) Community College of Baltimore County, (5) Frederick Community College, and (6) Prince George’s Community College. Bachelor’s Degree Program – (1) Columbia Union College and (2) Salisbury University.
Slide 64: 60 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Health Technology Level Enrollments Diagnostic Medical Sonography PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total Radiologic Technology PCS Certificate Associate Bachelors Sub-Total Certificate Associate Bachelors Sub-Total 101 14 140 255 111 995 1106 30 329 62 421 99 11 108 218 115 928 1043 32 292 59 383 93 10 83 186 134 794 928 0 300 76 376 90 4 70 164 110 719 829 1 317 75 393 74 5 60 139 80 604 684 0 296 60 356 86 7 63 156 81 507 6 594 0 230 41 271 101 9 78 188 98 430 7 535 1 125 31 157 101 8 33 142 107 373 6 486 1 128 29 158 108 2 13 123 101 428 7 536 1 138 26 165 91 3 39 133 114 596 19 729 1 170 29 200 -10% -79% -72% -48% 3% -40% -34% -97% -48% -53% -53% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 % Change 1993-2002 Respiratory Therapy Graduates Diagnostic Medical Sonography PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total 52 4 2 58 40 1 7 48 44 1 24 69 28 2 16 46 37 3 8 48 26 3 9 38 38 1 7 46 24 1 8 33 18 0 7 25 25 3 10 38 -52% -25% 400% -34% Radiologic Technology PCS Certificate Associate Bachelors Sub-Total Certificate Associate Bachelors Sub-Total 32 110 142 0 60 14 74 36 123 159 13 59 34 106 48 145 193 9 52 15 76 40 133 173 8 51 22 81 26 125 151 0 77 19 96 27 128 155 0 61 19 80 27 106 133 0 74 17 91 37 91 128 1 61 14 76 32 89 1 122 0 44 7 51 24 71 1 96 0 39 11 50 -25% -35% -32% -35% -21% -32% Respiratory Therapy Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 65: 61 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Medical Lab Technology 300 250 200 Number of Graduates 202 150 100 69 50 65 72 60 92 79 63 48 46 80 66 42 87 66 93 Annual Openings 82 Annual Openings 72 52 46 31 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 36 2000 2001 2002 Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technician Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 66: 62 FIELD OF MEDICAL LAB TECHNOLOGY 1. MEDICAL AND CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections from 2000-2010, employment for medical and clinical laboratory technologists is projected to increase by 12% to 2,951, with an estimated 93 total annual openings. Occupational Title Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Hourly Wage $22.60 2000 Employment 2,644 2010 Employment 2,951 Change 2000-2010 # % 307 12% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 31 62 93 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a medical and clinical laboratory technologist. National certification is provided by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS).1 Medical Laboratory Technology Programs -- (1) Bachelor’s, (2) Master’s, & (3) Doctorate Degree Levels. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s medical and clinical laboratory technology programs are provided. Programs Medical Lab Technology FY 1993 275 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 159 -42% 159-333 FY 1993 69 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 52 -25% 46-92 • • • Enrollments decreased by 42% and graduates decreased by 25% (from 69 to 52 graduates) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Several bachelor’s degree programs were discontinued during this 10-year period. 8 Maryland institutions offer programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Bachelor’s Degree Programs – (1) Columbia Union, (2) Loyola College, (3) Morgan State University, (4) Salisbury University, and (5) University of Maryland Baltimore. [Discontinued programs: (1) Hood College, (2) Towson University, and (3) University of Maryland, Eastern Shore.] Master’s Degree Program – (1) University of Maryland Baltimore (new). Doctorate Degree Program – (1) University of Maryland Baltimore. 1 Certification is available for: (1) clinical assistants, (2) cytogenetic technologists, (3) clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists, (4) clinical laboratory technicians/medical laboratory technicians, (5) diagnostic molecular scientists, (6) histotechnicians, (7) histotechnologists, (8) pathologists’ assistants, and (9) phlebotomists.
Slide 67: 63 2. MEDICAL AND CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections from 2000-2010, employment for medical and clinical laboratory technicians is projected to increase by 15% to 2,468, with an estimated 82 total annual openings. Occupational Title Hourly Wage $15.72 2000 Employment 2,154 2010 Employment 2,468 Change 2000-2010 # % 15% 314 Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 31 51 82 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a medical and clinical laboratory technician. Medical Laboratory Technician – (1) Non-Credit Course, (2) Credit Course, (3) Private Career School Certificate, (4) College Certificate, & (4) Associate Degree Levels. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s medical and clinical laboratory technician programs are provided.1 Programs Medical Lab Technician • • • FY 1993 268 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 444 66% 88-444 FY 1993 65 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 202 211% 31-202 Enrollments increased by 66% and graduates increased by 211% (65 to 202) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. Increased enrollments were due in part to the first-time reporting of data for WIA eligible courses in FY 2001 and FY 2002. 11 Maryland institutions offer training included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – (1) Baltimore City Community College, (2) Cecil Community College, (3) Community College of Baltimore County, and (4) Wor-Wic Community College. Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – (1) College of Southern Maryland. Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Program: (1) National Phlebotomy Association. College Certificate Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland and (2) Hagerstown Business College (new). Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland, (2) Columbia Union College, (3) Frederick Community College, and (4) Villa Julie College. [Discontinued programs: (1) Community College of Baltimore County and (2) Montgomery College.] Graduate and enrollment data are provided for: (1) degree and certificate programs and (2) WIA eligible courses offered by 5 community colleges and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other Maryland community colleges. (Appendices 4 and 5 report available data for community college non-credit courses and high school programs.) 1
Slide 68: 64 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Medical Lab Technology Level Enrollments Medical Lab Technician CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total Bachelors Masters Doctorate Sub-Total 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 69 7 47 82 205 141 22 17 180 2002 236 10 137 61 444 115 30 14 159 % Change 1993-2002 191% -72% 66% -50% 0% -7% -42% 47 221 268 230 30 15 275 34 214 248 239 35 14 288 25 198 223 265 36 17 318 16 142 158 281 33 19 333 22 115 137 246 31 21 298 32 84 116 206 25 19 250 33 55 88 143 27 16 186 5 39 61 105 153 27 15 195 Medical Technology Graduates Medical Lab Technician CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total Bachelors Masters Doctorate Sub-Total 22 43 65 55 7 7 69 20 40 60 57 9 6 72 13 35 48 80 10 2 92 22 41 63 71 8 0 79 12 34 46 65 14 1 80 12 30 42 53 12 1 66 13 18 31 69 12 6 87 5 18 13 36 53 10 3 66 24 5 28 15 72 32 10 4 46 157 6 19 20 202 42 8 2 52 -14% -53% 211% -24% 14% -71% -25% Medical Technology Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 69: 65 C. INFOMATICS – HEALTH CAREER PATHWAYS Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Medical Assistant 900 800 700 607 Annual Openings Number of Graduates 600 500 398 313 300 251 200 258 209 318 328 261 426 404 400 100 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Medical Assistant Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 70: 66 FIELD OF MEDICAL ASSISTANT DEMAND: According to the Maryland Occupational Projections from 2000-2010, employment for medical assistants is projected to increase by 52% to 11,712, with an estimated 607 total annual openings. Occupational Title Medical Assistants Hourly Wage $12.59 2000 Employment 7,691 2010 Employment 11,712 Change 2000-2010 # % 4,021 52% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 402 205 607 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a medical assistant in Maryland. However, national certification as a medical assistant requires completion of a certificate or associate degree program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES). Medical Assistant Programs -- (1) PCS Certificate, (2) College Certificate, & (3) Associate Degree Levels. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s medical assistant programs are provided.1 Programs Medical Assistant FY 1993 1,333 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 1,456 9% 783-1,456 FY 1993 398 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 404 2% 209-426 • • • Enrollment increased by 9% and graduates increased by 2% (398 to 404) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. During this period, new certificate and associate degree programs were added and others discontinued. 12 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Program – (1) Americare School of Allied Health– Silver Spring (new), (2) Medix School, and (3) Ultrasound Diagnostic School (new). [Discontinued program: (1) NEC.] College Certificate Programs – (1) Anne Arundel Community College, (2) College of Southern Maryland (new), (3) Prince George’s Community College (new), (4) TESST College of Technology (new). [Discontinued programs: (1) Hagerstown Business College and (2) Montgomery College.] Associate Degree Programs – (1) Allegany College of Maryland (new), (2) Anne Arundel Community College, (3) Community College of Baltimore County (4) Hagerstown Business College, (4) Prince George’s Community College (new). [Discontinued program: (1) Montgomery College.] 1 Graduate and enrollment data are provided for degree and certificate programs. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at community colleges. (Appendices 4 and 5 report available data for community college non-credit courses and high school programs.)
Slide 71: 67 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2003) Medical Assistant Level Enrollments Medical Assistant PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total 1993 1137 91 105 1333 1994 582 125 164 871 1995 591 112 169 872 1996 624 121 164 909 1997 617 114 145 876 1998 534 98 151 783 1999 673 79 195 947 2000 950 99 205 1254 2001 1126 98 208 1432 2002 1145 96 215 1456 % Change 1993-2002 1% 5% 105% 9% Graduates Medical Assistant PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total 375 8 15 398 230 9 12 251 266 28 19 313 243 36 39 318 258 31 39 328 185 29 44 258 162 21 26 209 208 20 33 261 370 19 37 426 355 7 42 404 -5% -13% 180% 2% Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 72: 68 Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993 – FY 2002) Medical Records 300 250 216 Annual Openings Number of Graduates 200 150 136 100 72 50 41 8 1993 6 1994 9 1995 17 1996 14 1997 10 1998 65 78 64 94 86 Annual Openings 57 36 10 1999 37 6 2000 7 2001 9 2002 0 Medical Record Technology Medical Transcription Source: (1) Maryland Higher Education Commission – Degree Information System, Private Career School Annual Reports, WIA Data Collections, (2) Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 73: 69 FIELD OF MEDICAL RECORDS 1. MEDICAL RECORDS AND HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGISTS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections from 2000-2010, employment for medical records and health information technicians is projected to increase by 49% to 4,528, with an estimated 216 total annual openings. Occupational Title Medical Records & Health Information Technicians Hourly Wage $13.05 2000 Employment 3,046 2010 Employment 4,528 Change 2000-2010 # % 1,482 49% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 148 68 216 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a medical records and health information technician. Medical Records and Health Technology Programs -- (1) Non-Credit Course, (2) PCS Certificate, (2) College Certificate, & (3) Associate Degree Levels. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s medical records and health technology programs are provided.1 Programs Medical Records Technology FY 1993 321 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 627 95% 190-627 FY 1993 41 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 94 129% 36-136 • • • Enrollments increased by 95% and graduates increased by 129% (41 to 94) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. The significant increases were due in part to the first-time reporting of data for WIA eligible, non-credit courses in FY 2001 and FY 2002. 9 Maryland institutions offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) – (1) Cecil Community College, and (2) Prince George’s Community College. Private Career School (PCS) Certificate Program – (1) Medix School. College Certificate Programs – (1) Anne Arundel Community College (new), (2)Baltimore City Community College, (3) College of Southern Maryland (new), (4) Hagerstown Business College, (5) Montgomery College, (6) Prince George’s Community College. [Discontinued program – (1) Community College of Baltimore County] Graduate and enrollment data are provided for WIA eligible, courses offered by 2 community colleges and reported with WIA Data Collections. Comparable data is unavailable for courses at other community colleges. (Appendix 4 reports available data f or community college non-credit courses.) 1
Slide 74: 70 Associate Degree Programs – (1) Baltimore City Community College, (2) Hagerstown Business College, (3) Montgomery College, (4) Prince George’s Community College. [Discontinued program: (1) Community College of Baltimore County.] 2. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTIONISTS DEMAND: According to Maryland Occupational Projections from 2000-2010, employment for medical transcriptionists is projected to increase by 26% to 2,043, with an estimated 86 total annual openings. Occupational Title Medical Transcriptionists Hourly Wage $14.90 2000 Employment 1,624 2010 Employment 2,043 Change 2000-2010 # % 419 26% Annual Openings in 2000-2010 Growth Replacements Total 42 44 86 SUPPLY FROM MARYLAND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A State license is not required to be a medical transcriptionist. Medical Records and Health Technology Programs -- (1) College Certificate & (2) Associate Degree Levels. Trends in enrollments and graduates of Maryland’s medical transcription programs are provided. Programs Medical Transcription FY 1993 33 Enrollments (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Enrollments 17 -49 14-39 FY 1993 8 Graduates (FY 1993-FY 2002) FY 2002 % Change Range of Annual Graduates 9 13% 6-17 • • Enrollments decreased by 49% and graduates increased by 13% (8 to 9) from FY 1993 to FY 2002. 1 Maryland institution offered programs included in the enrollment/graduate data reported: College Certificate Programs – (1) Hagerstown Business College. Associate Degree Programs – (1) Hagerstown Business College.
Slide 75: 71 Enrollments and Graduates of Healthcare Programs Offered by Maryland Higher Education Institutions (FY 1993-2002) Medical Records % Change 1993-2002 26% -42% 95% -38% -52% -49% Level Enrollments Medical Record sTechnology CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total Certificate Associate Sub-Total 1993 85 236 321 8 25 33 1994 78 224 302 9 30 39 1995 41 243 284 8 23 31 1996 35 255 290 10 24 34 1997 38 237 275 10 15 25 1998 29 194 223 8 15 23 1999 40 198 238 7 16 23 2000 2001 40 150 190 9 10 19 332 66 138 536 2 12 14 2002 330 53 107 137 627 5 12 17 Medical Transcription Graduates Medical Records Technology CC Courses(WIA) PCS Certificate Certificate Associate Sub-Total 9 32 41 35 37 72 36 29 65 25 53 78 19 45 64 23 34 57 16 20 36 13 24 37 76 19 41 136 8 32 25 29 94 177% -9% 129% Medical Transcription Certificate Associate Sub-Total 2 6 8 1 5 6 0 9 9 7 10 17 1 13 14 2 8 10 1 9 10 2 4 6 3 4 7 2 7 9 0% -17% 13% Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission (MHEC) – Enrollment and Degree Information Systems, Private Career School Annual Reports, and WIA Data Collections.
Slide 76: Appendix 1 REPORTS ADDRESSING THE CRITICAL DEMAND FOR QUALIFIED HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN MARYLAND Association of Maryland Hospitals and Health Systems (MHA) (2001). State of the State’s Hospitals. January. Center for Health Workforce Development, University of Maryland Baltimore. Maryland’s Nursing Shortage: A Workforce Crisis. March 2003. ______ (2002). The Nursing Shortage: Impact on Hospital Finances and Programmatic Initiatives. Presentation to the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission, September 4. Community Foundation of the Eastern Shore (2002). The Shortage of Nurses at Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Other Medical Facilities on the Lower Eastern Shore of Maryland. Salisbury, MD. May 21. Guterl, G. O. (2002). Maryland Commission on the Crisis in Nursing. Advance for Nurses. Feb. 25. Available: http://www.advancefornurses.com/promo/Shortage_Issues/feb25_02feature1.html. Maryland Board of Nursing (2002). Nursing Demographic Data, 1997-2001. Maryland Colleagues in Caring (2001). Nursing Student Survey. Maryland Health Care Commission (2002). Final Report on the Study of Patient Safety in Maryland. Available: www.hmcc.state.md.us/legislature/finalrpt.pdf Maryland Health Care Commission (2003). State Health Care Expenditures: Experiences from 2001. Available: www.mhcc.state.md.us University of Maryland School of Nursing (2002). Nursing School Focus Groups. Prepared by Hollander Cohen & McBride. Baltimore, MD. White Paper on Pharmacy Technicians 2002: Needed Changes Can No Longer Wait. Michael J. Rouse, B. Pharm (Hons), M.P.S. Executive Assistant Director, International and Professional Affairs, ACPE. American Journal of Health Systems Pharmacy. Vol 60, January 1, 2003. Available: www.ptcb.org.
Slide 77: Appendix 2 MARYLAND 2000 – 2010 OCCUPATIONAL PROJECTIONS (All Healthcare Occupations) Maryland Wages Code 29-9199 29-1061 29-9091 29-1121 29-2031 29-1011 31-9091 29-2021 29-1020 29-2032 29-2051 29-1031 29-2041 29-1062 29-1199 31-0000 31-9099 31-1011 29-1063 29-2061 31-9011 31-9092 29-2012 29-2011 31-9093 29-2071 31-9094 29-2033 31-1012 29-1064 29-9010 Occupations All Other Health Professionals and Technicians Anesthesiologists Athletic Trainers Audiologists Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians Chiropractors Dental Assistants Dental Hygienists Dentists Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Dietetic Technicians Dietitians and Nutritionists Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics Family and General Practitioners Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other Healthcare Support Occupations Healthcare Support Workers, All Other Home Health Aides Internists, General Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses Massage Therapists Medical Assistants Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Medical Equipment Preparers Medical Records and Health Information Technicians Medical Transcriptionists Nuclear Medicine Technologists Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants Obstetricians and Gynecologists Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians 17.99 61.40 0.00 24.27 20.55 30.96 13.42 22.03 45.75 23.29 12.21 19.41 13.59 51.94 28.07 11.34 11.82 8.59 56.11 17.39 11.12 12.59 15.72 22.60 11.15 13.05 14.90 25.26 10.95 61.35 23.50 9,515 1,208 144 566 737 2,513 4,798 3,125 6,049 1,680 982 1,367 2,750 12,739 2,695 67,373 8,656 5,364 4,212 8,216 571 11,712 2,468 2,951 453 4,528 2,043 337 25,623 709 1,101 2010 Employment Openings 2000 -- 2010 Growth 1,755 188 5 201 159 667 1,398 902 482 386 165 264 776 1,121 424 17,191 1,683 1,670 708 1,749 107 4,021 314 307 37 1,482 419 47 5,848 36 100 Replace 0 159 35 91 126 420 609 320 1,434 285 209 308 502 1,806 501 9,858 1,868 475 544 1,658 111 2,050 506 619 110 681 436 64 2,543 106 255 Total 1,755 347 40 292 285 1,087 2,007 1,222 1,916 671 374 572 1,278 2,927 925 27,049 3,551 2,145 1,252 3,407 218 6,071 820 926 147 2,163 855 111 8,391 142 355
Slide 78: Appendix 2 MARYLAND 2000 – 2010 OCCUPATIONAL PROJECTIONS (All Healthcare Occupations) Maryland Wages Code 31-2012 31-2011 29-1122 29-2081 29-1041 29-2091 29-1065 29-1051 31-9095 29-2052 31-2022 31-2021 29-1123 29-1071 29-1069 29-1081 31-1013 29-2053 29-1066 29-1124 29-2034 29-1125 29-1111 29-1126 29-2054 29-1127 29-1067 29-2055 29-1131 31-9096 29-2056 Occupational Therapist Aides Occupational Therapist Assistants Occupational Therapists Opticians, Dispensing Optometrist Orthotists and Prosthests Pediatricians, General Pharmacists Pharmacy Aides Pharmacy Technicians Physical Therapist Aides Physical Therapist Assistants Physical Therapists Physician Assistants Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Podiatrists Psychiatric Aides Psychiatric Technicians Psychiatrists Radiatioin Therapists Radiologic Technologists and Technicians Recreational Therapists Registered Nurses Respiratory Therapists Respiratory Therapy Technicians Speech-Language Pathologists Surgeons Surgical Technologists Veterinarians Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers Veterinary Technologists and Technicians Occupations 12.51 16.74 27.69 13.20 49.39 20.23 49.43 34.54 11.13 12.73 10.62 16.99 29.29 31.62 53.72 38.77 11.65 15.35 56.67 28.27 20.88 17.09 23.71 20.53 20.29 27.98 61.19 17.20 34.30 10.72 11.46 78 373 1,217 751 282 62 825 4,755 2,318 4,220 1,509 1,602 2,490 1,698 91 94 296 788 1,684 136 5,398 427 41,101 1,490 4,588 3,217 1,577 913 1,547 1,972 2,550 2010 Employment Growth 16 107 278 75 39 10 136 772 336 1,218 526 547 547 575 20 17 1 139 284 26 781 38 8,013 322 953 811 284 175 287 471 604 Openings 2000 -- 2010 Replace 19 79 240 129 48 14 107 1,262 525 775 288 309 499 241 10 14 37 168 219 21 1,014 97 6,823 292 941 613 202 190 248 400 505 Total 35 186 518 204 87 24 243 2,034 861 1,993 814 856 1,046 816 30 31 38 307 503 47 1,795 135 14,836 614 1,894 1,424 486 365 535 871 1,109
Slide 79: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS 1. DENTISTRY Dentistry (Dentists) Dental Hygienist Dental Hygienist Dental Hygienist Dental Hygienist Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant Dental Assistant University of Maryland, Baltimore Allegany College of Maryland Baltimore City Community College University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Baltimore Anne Arundel Community College Montgomery College Prince George's Community College Wor-Wic Community College Medix School Allegany College of Maryland Baltimore City Community College Community College of Baltimore County Montgomery College Community College of Baltimore County Montgomery College 1st Professional Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Certificate -- Private Career School Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Associate Degree Associate Degree 2. CHIROPRACTICS Chiropractics (Chiropractors) None No Maryland Programs Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Baltimore City Allegany County Baltimore City Baltimore City Baltimore City Anne Arundel County Montgomery County Prince George's County Lower Shore Baltimore County Allegany County Baltimore City Baltimore County Montgomery County Baltimore County Montgomery County EDUCATION LEVEL PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION
Slide 80: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION 3. EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY/PARAMEDICS Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medical Technician May Emergency Anne Arundel Community College Baltimore City Community College College of Southern Maryland Community College of Baltimore County Frederick Community College Hagerstown Community College Howard Community College Prince George's Community College Wor-Wic Community College Anne Arundel Community College Baltimore City Community College Cecil Community College College of Southern Maryland Community College of Baltimore County Frederick Community College Hagerstown Community College Howard Community College Prince George’s Community College Wor-Wic Community College University of Maryland, Baltimore County University of Maryland, Baltimore County Certificate -- Private Career School Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate -- College Certificate – College Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Master’s Degree New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program Discontinued Program Baltimore City Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Southern Maryland Baltimore County Frederick County Washington County Howard County Prince George's County Lower Shore Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Cecil County Southern Maryland Baltimore County Frederick County Washington County Howard County Prince George’s County Lower Shore Baltimore County Baltimore County
Slide 81: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION 4. HEALTH TECHNOLOGY Diagnostic Medical Sonography Diagnostic Medical Sonography Diagnostic Medical Sonography Diagnostic Medical Sonography Diagnostic Medical Sonography Diagnostic Medical Sonography Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology Radiologic Technology The Johns Hopkins School of Medical Imaging Ultrasound Diagnostic School Montgomery College Community College of Baltimore County Montgomery College Community College of Baltimore County Greater Baltimore Medical Center Holy Cross Hospital School of Radiologic Technology Maryland General Hospital School of Radiologic Technology The Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Medical Imaging Washington Adventist Hospital School of Radiography Mercy Hospital Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Chesapeake College Community College of Baltimore County Hagerstown Community College Montgomery College Prince George’s Community College Wor-Wic Community College College of Notre Dame of Maryland Hood College Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – College Certificate – College Associate Degree Associate Degree Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree New Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Baltimore City Prince George’s County Montgomery College Baltimore County Montgomery County Baltimore County Baltimore City Montgomery County Baltimore City Baltimore City Prince George’s County Baltimore City Allegany County Anne Arundel County Upper Shore Baltimore County Washington County Montgomery County Prince George’s County Lower Shore Baltimore City Frederick County
Slide 82: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS Respiratory Therapy Technician Respiratory Therapy Technician Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Respiratory Therapy Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Medical Assistant MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS Baltimore City Community College Community College of Baltimore County Allegany College of Maryland Baltimore City Community College Columbia Union College Community College of Baltimore County Frederick Community College Prince George’s Community College Columbia Union College Salisbury University Americare School of Allied Health-Silver Spring Medix School Ultrasound School of Diagnosis NEC Anne Arundel Community College College of Southern Maryland Prince George’s Community College TESST College of Technology Hagerstown Business College Montgomery College Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Community College of Baltimore County Hagerstown Business College Prince George’s Community College Montgomery College EDUCATION LEVEL Certificate – College Certificate – College Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree 5. MEDICAL ASSISTANT Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree New Program Discontinued Program New Program New Program New Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program New Program New Program Discontinued Program New Program Montgomery County Baltimore County Prince George’s County Baltimore City Anne Arundel County Southern Maryland Prince George’s County Prince George’s County Washington County Montgomery County Allegany County Anne Arundel County Baltimore County Washington County Prince George’s County Montgomery County PROGRAM STATUS Discontinued Program Discontinued Program LOCATION Baltimore City Baltimore County Allegany County Baltimore City Prince George’s County Baltimore County Frederick County Prince George’s County Prince George’s County Lower Shore
Slide 83: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION 6. MEDICAL LAB TECHNOLOGY Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technology Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Medical Lab Technician Columbia Union College Loyola College Morgan State University Salisbury University University of Maryland, Baltimore Hood College Towson University University of Maryland – Eastern Shore University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Baltimore Baltimore City Community College Cecil Community College Community College of Baltimore County Wor-Wic Community College College of Southern Maryland National Phlebotomy Association Allegany College of Maryland Hagerstown Business College Allegany College of Maryland Columbia Union College Frederick Community College Villa Julie College Community College of Baltimore County Montgomery College Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – College Certificate – College Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Discontinued Program Discontinued Program New Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program New Program Prince George’s County Baltimore City Baltimore City Lower Shore Baltimore City Frederick County Baltimore County Eastern Shore Baltimore City Baltimore City Baltimore City Cecil County Baltimore County Lower Shore Southern Maryland Prince George’s County Allegany County Washington County Allegany County Prince George’s County Frederick County Baltimore County Baltimore County Montgomery County
Slide 84: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL 7. MEDICAL RECORDS Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Records Medical Transcription Medical Transcription Cecil Community College Prince George’s Community College Medix School Anne Arundel Community College Baltimore City Community College College of Southern Maryland Hagerstown Business College Montgomery College Prince George’s Community College Community College of Baltimore County Baltimore City Community College Hagerstown Business College Montgomery College Prince George’s Community College Community College of Baltimore County Hagerstown Business College Hagerstown Business College Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Certificate – College Associate Degree 8. MEDICINE Medicine (Physicians/Surgeons) Medicine (Physicians/Surgeons) Physician Assistant Physician Assistant Physician Assistant Physician Assistant Physician Assistant Johns Hopkins University University of Maryland, Baltimore Anne Arundel Community College Community College of Baltimore County Community College of Baltimore County University of Maryland, Eastern Shore Towson University 1st Professional Degree 1st Professional Degree Certificate – College Certificate – College Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Master’s Degree New Program New Program Discontinued Program New Program New Program Baltimore City Baltimore City Anne Arundel County Baltimore County Baltimore County Eastern Shore Baltimore County Discontinued Program Discontinued Program New Program New Program Cecil County Prince George’s County Baltimore County Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Southern Maryland Washington County Montgomery County Prince George’s County Baltimore County Baltimore City Washington County Montgomery County Prince George’s County Baltimore County Washington County Washington County PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION
Slide 85: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS 9. NURSING Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Nursing (Post-Baccalaureate) Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Registered Nursing Bowie State University Coppin State College Johns Hopkins University Salisbury University Towson University University of Maryland, Baltimore Johns Hopkins University University of Maryland, Baltimore Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Baltimore City Community College Cecil Community College Chesapeake College College of Southern Maryland Community College of Baltimore County Frederick Community College Hagerstown Community College Harford Community College Howard Community College Montgomery College Prince George’s Community College Wor-Wic Community College Bowie State University College of Notre Dame of Maryland Columbia Union College Coppin State College Johns Hopkins University Salisbury University Towson University Villa Julie College University Of Maryland, Baltimore Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree Doctoral Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree New Program New Program Prince George’s County Baltimore City Baltimore City Lower Shore Baltimore County Baltimore City Baltimore City Baltimore City Allegany County Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Cecil County Upper Shore Southern Maryland Baltimore County Frederick County Washington County Harford County Howard County Montgomery County Prince George’s County Lower Shore Prince Georges’ County Baltimore City Prince George’s County Baltimore City Baltimore City Lower Shore Baltimore County Baltimore County Baltimore City EDUCATION LEVEL PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION
Slide 86: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Licensed Practical Nursing Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS Johnson School of Practical Nursing Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Baltimore City Community College Carroll Community College Cecil Community College Chesapeake College College of Southern Maryland Frederick Community College Harford Community College Howard Community College Prince George’s Community College Wor-Wic Community College Baltimore City Community College Carroll Community College Chesapeake College College of Southern Maryland Community College of Baltimore County Frederick Community College Garrett College Harford Community College Hagerstown Community College Howard Community College Prince George’s Community College Wor-Wic Community College Adventist Healthcare: Health Careers Training Center American Red Cross, Central Maryland Chapter Americare School of Allied Health-Silver Spring Americare School of Allied Health-Baltimore Deaton Health Training Institute PTC EDUCATION LEVEL Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non-Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School Certificate – Private Career School New Program New Program New Program Discontinued Program Discontinued-Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program New Program PROGRAM STATUS Discontinued Program Allegany County Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Carrol County Cecil County Upper Shore Southern Maryland Frederick County Harford County Howard County Prince George’s County Lower Shore Baltimore City Carrol County Upper Shore Southern Maryland Baltimore County Frederick County Garrett County Harford County Washington County Howard County Prince George’s County Lower Shore Montgomery County Baltimore City Montgomery County Baltimore City Baltimore City Montgomery County Baltimore City LOCATION
Slide 87: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS Certified Nursing Assistant Home Health Aide MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS Allegany College of Maryland College of Southern Maryland EDUCATION LEVEL Certificate – College Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) 10. PHARMACY Pharmacy (Pharmacists) Pharmacy (Pharmacists) Pharmacy Technician & Aide Pharmacy Technician & Aide Pharmacy Technician & Aide Pharmacy Technician & Aide Pharmacy Technician & Aide University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Baltimore Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College TESST College Community College of Baltimore County Montgomery College Bachelor’s Degree 1st Professional Certificate – College Certificate – College Certificate – College Non – Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) Non -- Credit Course (WIA Eligible) 11. PHYSICAL THERAPY Physical Therapy Physical Therapy Physical Therapy Physical Therapy Physical Therapy Physical Therapy Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Assistant Physical Therapist Aide University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Eastern Shore University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Eastern Shore University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Eastern Shore Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Baltimore City Community College Carroll Community College Chesapeake College College of Southern Maryland Montgomery College Chesapeake College Bachelor’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree Doctoral Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Associate Degree Credit Courses (WIA Eligible) New Program New Program New Program New Program Discontinued Program Discontinued Program Admission now closed Admission now closed New Program New Program New Program New Program Baltimore City Eastern Shore Baltimore City Eastern Shore Baltimore City Eastern Shore Allegany County Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Carrol County Upper Shore Southern Maryland Montgomery County Upper Shore New Program New Program New Program Discontinued Baltimore County Baltimore City Allegany County Anne Arundel County Prince George’s County Baltimore County Montgomery County PROGRAM STATUS New Program LOCATION Allegany County Southern Maryland
Slide 88: Appendix 3 MARYLAND’S POSTSECONDARY HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS – BY HEALTH FIELD (Programs with Enrollments/Graduates Data Included in Report) PROGRAMS MARYLAND INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL PROGRAM STATUS LOCATION 12. SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Speech-Language Pathology Speech-Language Pathology Speech-Language Pathology Speech-Language Pathology Loyola College Towson University University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland, College Park Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree Baltimore City Baltimore County Prince George’s County Prince George’s County
Slide 89: Appendix 4 ENROLLMENTS IN NON-CREDIT COURSES OFFERED BY MARYLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGES (Courses Leading to Initial Licensure or Certification for the Top Demand Healthcare Occupations) Enrollments1 (Duplicate Count) Courses Certified Nursing Assistant Dental Assistant Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) EMT Paramedic (EMT-P) Home Health Aide Medical Assistant Medical Coder Medical Lab Technician3 Pharmacy Technician/Aide Physician Assistant Respiratory Therapist FY 1999 871 163 720 41 72 28 133 22 1 FY 2000 1,089 389 94 25 158 22 249 206 121 23 36 FY 2001 2,273 253 200 33 43 390 75 262 125 FY 2002 3,706 259 167 43 27 997 670 720 197 Enrollments included in Report 2 (Unduplicated Count) FY 2002 1,081 107 5 330 236 85 - Source: Maryland Community Colleges FY 2002 Report on Non-Credit Open Enrollment and Contract Courses Leading to Initial or Continued Licensure or Certification, Maryland Community College Association of Continuing Education and Training, Professional Licensure and Certification Affinity Group. 1 Enrollments in individual non-credit courses are reported. Therefore, a student is counted multiple times as an enrollment, if a series of non-credit courses are required to complete training. Unduplicated enrollments reported in the WIA Data Collections and included in Sections I–III of “Maryland’s Top 25 Demand Healthcare Occupations: Projected Demand and Reported Supply Provided by Maryland Higher Education Institutions”. Medical Lab Technician includes: Medical Lab Technician Phlebotomy Technician Venipunct & Specimen Collection FY 1999 103 30 0 FY 2000 0 206 0 FY 2001 0 262 0 FY 2002 0 360 360 2 3
Slide 90: Appendix 5 ENROLLMENTS AND COMPLETIONS IN COURSES OFFERED BY MARYLAND HIGH SCHOOLS (Training for Maryland’s Top Demand Healthcare Occupations) Courses School Year 2001 -- 2002 Enrollments 1,549 25 12 179 242 55 Completers1 613 4 2 22 18 1 Certified Nursing Assistant Dental Assistant Emergency Medical Technician Medical Assistant Medical Lab Technician Pharmacy Technician/Aide 2 Source: Maryland State Department of Education. 1 2 Completers are student who successfully completed the four health courses that comprise these secondary programs. Includes enrollments and completers in the following courses: Certified Nursing Assistant2 Health Professions and Related Enrollments 261 1,288 Completers 99 514
Slide 91: Appendix 6 MARYLAND LICENSING INFORMATION FOR SELECTED HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS SOC Code Health Occupation Training Code Minimum Education and Training Description Federal and state laws require all nursing assistants to be certified to work in licensed health care facilities including: Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA); Geriatric Nursing Assistant (GNA); and Certified Medicine Aide (CMA). The CNA certification is the basic level of certification. CNA training programs must be approved by the Board of Nursing. Applicants for GNA certification must complete an approved GNA course. Applicants must pass the Geriatric Nursing Assistant examination and meet Federal requirements for working in licensed comprehensive care facilities. Applicants for licensure as a chiropractor must possess a bachelor's degree prior to entering an approved college of chiropractic; pass the National Board Examinations; and pass the State administered examination, which includes a section on Maryland law and regulations. Cytotechnogists generally seek voluntary certification and registration with the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology, the American Medical Technologists, National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel and the Board of Registry of the American Association of Bioanalysts. Procedure for Licensure Licensing Agency No. Licensed (2002) 311012 Certified Nurse’s Aide; General Nurse’s Aide; Nursing Technician; Nurse Extender; Nursing Assistant; Geriatric Nursing Assistant; Medicine Aide and Support Technician E1 On-the-job training or short-term training Examinations are provided by the Maryland Geriatric Nursing Assistant Testing Service (MDGNATS) referred to as ASI in Maryland. DHMH, Maryland Board of Nursing, 4140 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 585-1990 47,551 291011 Chiropractor E3 First professional degree; 8 years of college from a Board approved institution Examination by the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners and Jurisprudence and examination by Maryland Board of Chiropractic Examiners. The website is www.mdchiro.org. DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 7644726 650 292011 Cytotechnologist (pathology and life history of cells), Histotechnologist (pathological diseases), Clinical Laboratory Technologist/Technician, and Medical Laboratory Technician E2 Bachelor's degree No licensure is required. 319091 Dental Assistant E1 Short-term training Applicants for dental assistant must be at least 18 years old; possess 24 hours of formal education; have six month's job experience; and pass an exam. Board of Dental Examiners, Spring Grove State Hospital. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/dental. DHMH, Spring Grove State Hospital, Benjamin Rush Bldg., 55 Wade Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21228 (410) 402-8500 DHMH, Spring Grove State Hospital, Benjamin Rush Bldg., 55 Wade Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21228 (410) 402-8500 DHMH, Spring Grove State Hospital, Benjamin Rush Bldg., 55 Wade Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21228 (410) 402-8500 5,383 292021 Dental Hygienist E1 Associate degree Applicants for dental hygienist licensure must be at least 18 years old; be of good moral character; have a four-year college degree; and pass the national exam. Pass the national NERB exam to be licensed by the Board of Dental Examiners. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/dental. 2,538 291021 Dentist E3 1st professional degree A dentist must possess a degree from an accredited school of dentistry; be of a good moral character; and pass the national dental exam. Graduate from a dental school accredited by the American Dental Association's Commission on Dental Accreditation. Pass written and practical examination by the Maryland State Board of Dental Examiners. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/dental. 5,260 Source: Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 92: Appendix 6 MARYLAND LICENSING INFORMATION FOR SELECTED HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS SOC Code Health Occupation Training Code Minimum Education and Training Description Procedure for Licensure Licensing Agency Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, Office of Education and Certification; 653 West Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 7063666 Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, Office of Education and Certification; 653 West Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 7063666 DHMH, Maryland Board on Nursing, 4140 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 5851990 No. Licensed (2002) 292041 Emergency Medical Technician-Basic (EMT-B) E1 Approved course by MIEMSS Applicants for licensure must pass the certification exam provided by the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services System (MIEMSS). Detail information is provided on the MIEMSS website at www.miemss.umaryland.com. 15,172 292041 Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P) and Cardiac Rescue Technician (CRT) E1 Approved course by MIEMSS Applicants for licensure must pass the National Registry Certification Exam. Passing of licensure examination on all protocol and procedures is required by the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, Office of Education and Certification. The website is www.miemss.umaryland.com. Paramedics 2,091; Cardiac Rescue Technicians – 710 311011 Home Care Aide E1 On-the-job training or short-term training Applicants for home care aide licensure must meet training requirements of Federal law that are required to work in licensed home health agencies. Home health agencies provide verification that the individual meets the federal requirements. 47,551 319092 Medical Assistant E1 Certificate program or short-term training No licensure is required. No licensure is required. 292012 Medical Laboratory Technician Medical Laboratory Technologist E1 Short-term training No licensure is required. No licensure is required. 292011 E2 Bachelor's degree No licensure is required. Medical records technicians generally pursue voluntary registration and certification with the Registered Health Information Technicians (RHIT). Pass written examination offered by the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), 233 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 150, Chicago, Illinois 60601-5800. Nurses must complete a Board approved training program offered by a college or hospital; and pass the required examinations. Pharmacist register with the Maryland Pharmacist Association, 650 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 727-0746. No licensure is required. 292071 Medical Records Technician, Health Information Coder and Health Information Technician E1 Associate degree -prefer graduates of an approved accredited medical records program Website is www.ahima.org 291111 Nurse; Registered Nurse; Nurse Practitioner; Nurse Midwife E1 Associate degree Pass examination by the Maryland Board of Nursing. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/mbn Pass an examination on Maryland pharmacy laws and regulations offered by the Maryland Board of Pharmacy. The website is www.mdbop.org. DHMH, 4140 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 585-1900 DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4755 50,000 291051 Pharmacist E2 Bachelor’s or 1st Professional Degree 6,853 Source: Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 93: Appendix 6 MARYLAND LICENSING INFORMATION FOR SELECTED HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS SOC Code 292052 Health Occupation Training Code E1 Minimum Education and Training Certificate program Description Pharmacist technicians (Pharm.D graduates) register with the Maryland Pharmacist Association, 650 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 727-0746. An applicant for licensure as a physical therapist must have graduated from an accredited physical therapy or physical therapist program; and pass an examination. At least a master’s degree is required unless an individual is covered by the grandfather provision. Procedure for Licensure Licensing Agency No. Licensed (2002) Pharmacy Technician No licensure is required in Maryland. 291123 Physical Therapist E2 Bachelor degree, master's degree, or doctoral degree Passing score on the national examination. Licensed by the Board of Physical Therapy Examiners. To schedule the national exam contact the Maryland Board of Physical Therapy Examiners. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/bphte Passing score on the national examination. Licensed by the Board of Physical Therapy Examiners. To schedule the national exam contact the Maryland Board of Physical Therapy Examiners. Website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/bphte Licensure is granted by the Physician Quality Assurance Board, based on a passing grade of 220 on the Test of Spoken English and a grade of 550 on the Test of English as a Foreign Language. The national NCCPA exam is the only exam required for state licensure. NCCPA - National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Suite 800, 157 Technology Parkway, Norcross, Georgia 30092-2913, (770) 734-4500 Completion of a 10-year clinical practice. Pass required national medical exam. Licensed by the Board of Physician Quality Assurance, 4201 Patterson Avenue , Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4777 For current detailed information for Maryland, see website at www.docboard.org DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4752 3,500 312021 Physical Therapist Assistant E1 Associate degree from an approved program Physical therapist assistants usually possess an associate degree from a Board approved physical therapist assistant program; and pass the national examination. DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4752 900 291071 Physician Assistant E2 Bachelor's degree or equivalency --prefer graduates of accredited PA educational programs (After October 1, 2003 the bachelor degree will be required) 1st professional degree; completion of an approved medical school accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) Applicants must pass the Physician Assistants National Certifying Examination administered by the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA). To maintain the certification, the physician assistant must have 100 hours of continuing medical education every 2 years and pass a re-certification examination every 6 years DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4768 1,300 291062 Physician, Ophthalmologist, Medical Doctor, Medical Director and Pathologist E3 Applicants for licensure have completed a program from an accredited medical school and residency; and achieved a passing score on all parts of the National Board of Medical Examiners Examination. National Board of Medical Examiners can be contacted at 1-800 767-6732 DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4777 23,000 292034 Radiation Technician; Radiologic Technologist; Radiologist and Radiographic Technician (O), Nuclear Medicine Technologist (N), Radiographer and Radiation Oncology/Therapy Technologist (M), Radiation Oncology/Therapy Technologist (Radiation Therapist) (O), and Medical Radiation Technologist or Radiographer (R) E1 Associate degree; or hospital-based training in an approved program Registration by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT); website is www.arrt.org Must be ARRT certified by passing the national examination. Licensed is granted by the Board of Physicians Quality Assurance. DHMH, X-Ray Board, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 7644764 7,500 Source: Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 94: Appendix 6 MARYLAND LICENSING INFORMATION FOR SELECTED HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS SOC Code Training Code Minimum Education and Training Required No. Licensed (2002) Health Occupation Description Procedure for Licensure Pass written law and practical examinations given by the Board of Respiratory Therapy, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4723. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/boardsahs Licensing Agency DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4723 291126 Respiratory Therapist E1 Associate degree Applicants for licensure must graduated from an approved respiratory care educational program and related work experience Sonographers seek certification as a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS), or a Registered Diagnostic Cardiac Sonographer (RDCS), or a Registered Vascular Technologist (RVT) from the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS). ARDMS certifies the competency of sonographers through registration and the ARDMS examination. Speech and language pathologists/therapists generally receive a Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) from the American SpeechLanguage Hearing Association (ASHA) in addition to State licensure. 292032 Sonographer E1 Certificate program No licensure is required. 291127 Speech and Language Pathologist/Therapist E3 Master's degree -preferred in speechlanguage pathology Passed National Examination in speechlanguage pathology and written law examination given by the Board of Audiologists, Hearing Aid Dispensers and Speech-Language Pathologists. Also must complete 9 months of supervised practice after completion of Master’s Degree. The website is www.dhmh.state.md.us/boardsahs E3 = More Than a Four Year Education DHMH, 4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215 (410) 764-4723 2,033 Legend for Education Code: Notes: • • • E1 = Less Than a Four Year Education E2 = Four Year For all occupations, changes in contact information and requirements are occurring rapidly as more and more occupations come under the scrutiny of licensing and certification boards. DHMH is the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (4201 Patterson Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215). DLLR is the Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (500 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21201). Source: Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
Slide 95: Appendix 7 NATIONAL DATA ON SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS (Excerpts from “Health Professions: Career and Education Directory 2002 – 2003”, American Medical Association) Dentistry • Dental Hygienist • Dental Assistant Emergency Medical Technician--Paramedic Health Technology • Diagnostic Medical Sonographer • Radiographer • Respiratory Therapist (Entry-Level) • Respiratory Therapist (Advanced) Medical Lab Technology • Clinical Laboratory Scientist/Medical Technologist • Clinical Laboratory Technician/Medical Laboratory Technician Medical Assistant Medical Records • Health Information Technician • Medical Transciptionist Medicine • Physician Assistant Pharmacy • Pharmacy Technician Physical Therapy • Physical Therapist • Physical Therapist Assistant Speech Language Pathology
Slide 96: Appendix 7 Dentistry Dental Hygienist Occupational Description Dental hygienists provide dental hygiene services as they work with dentists in the delivery of dental care to patients. Hygienists are licensed to use their knowledge and clinical skills to provide dental care to patients and their interpersonal skills to motivate and instruct patients on methods to prevent oral disease and maintain oral health. As a career, dental hygiene also offers both stability and flexibility. As of 1999, for example, dental hygienists had been working in their current practices for an average of 7.1 years. Many hygienists also have considerable flexibility to undertake a full- or part-time schedule with evening or weekend hours. The salaries of a dental hygienist varies, depending on the responsibilities associated with the specific position, the geographic location of employment, and the type of practice or other setting in which the hygienist works. The average national wage of a full-time dental hygienist employed by a general practitioner in 1998 was $25.70 per hour. Hygienists who work part-time averaged $27.70 per hour. In addition, many dental hygienists receive benefit packages from their dentist/employers, which may include health insurance coverage, dues for membership in professional organizations, paid vacations and sick leave, and tuition assistance for continuing education. Most state dental boards require mandatory continuing education for maintenance of the dental hygiene license. Job Description Although the range of services performed by dental hygienists varies from state to state, patient services rendered by dental hygienist frequently include performing patient screening procedures, such as reviewing health and dental history and taking blood pressure, pulse and temperature; taking and developing dental radiographs (x-rays); removing calculus and plaque (hard and soft deposits) from teeth; applying preventive materials to teeth (eg, sealants and fluorides); teaching patients appropriate oral hygiene techniques; counseling patients regarding good nutrition and its impact on oral health; and making impressions of patients’ teeth for study casts. • • • • • • • Educational Programs Length. The majority of community college-based dental hygiene programs offer a 2-year associate degree. University-based dental hygiene programs may offer baccaulaureate and master’s degrees, which generally require at least 2 or more years of further education. Prerequisites. Admission requirements vary, depending on the institution. High school-level courses such as health, biology, psychology, chemistry, mathematics, and speech will be beneficial in a dental hygiene career. Many programs (50%) prefer individuals who have completed at least 1 year of college, and some baccalaureate degree programs require applicants to have completed 2 years of college. Curriculum. Dental hygiene education programs provide supervised patient care experienced. Programs also include courses in the liberal arts (English, speech, sociology, and psychology); basic sciences (anatomy, microbiology, and pathology); and clinical sciences (dental hygiene, radiology, and dental materials). After completing a dental hygiene program, dental hygienists can pursue additional training in such areas as education, health administration, basic sciences, and public health. Employment Characteristics Most of the approximately 143,000 active dental hygienist in the United States today are employed by general dentists. Additionally, dental specialists (such as periodontists or pediatric dentists) employ dental hygienists. Most hygienists work one to one with patients in providing dental hygiene services. Dental hygienists also may be employed to provide dental hygiene care for patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and public health clinics. Depending on the level of education and experience they have achieved, dental hygienists also can apply their skills and knowledge to other career activities, such as teaching. Research, public health, and business administration are other options. In addition, employment opportunities may be available with companies that market dental-related materials and equipment. Among independent general practitioners, the average number of employees per dentist has remained relatively stable between 1994 and 1998, averaging 4.2 positions. Because 72.3% of independent general practitioners employ at least one dental hygienist, and 24% employ two or more hygienists, employment opportunities in this field are excellent.
Slide 97: Appendix 7 Dentistry (Continued) Dental Assistant Occupational Description The dental assistant increases the efficiency of the dental care team by aiding the dentist in the delivery of oral health care. The dental assistant performs a wide range of tasks requiring both interpersonal and technical skills. Duties range from aiding and educating patients to preparing dental instruments and performing administrative work. wage of a full-time dental assistant employed by a general practitioner in 1998 was $13.00 per hour. In addition to salary, dental assistants may receive benefit packages from their employers, including health and disability insurance coverage, dues for membership in professional organizations, an allowance for uniforms, profit sharing plans, and paid vacations. Educational Programs Length. Nine to 11 months. Prerequisites. High school diploma or equivalent. Certification. Dental assistants who pass an examination administered by the Dental Assisting National Board, Inc, may use the designation of Certified Dental Assistants (CDA). Dental assistants are eligible to take the examination if they have completed a dental assisting program accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation or have completed 2 years of full-time work experience as dental assistants. State regulations vary and some states offer registration or licensure in addition to this national certification program. Description Dental assistants are responsible for helping patients feel comfortable before, during, and after treatment; assisting the dentist during treatment; taking and processing dental radiographs (x-rays); recording the patient’s medical history and taking blood pressure and pulse; preparing and sterilizing instruments and equipment for the dentist’s use; providing patients with oral care instructions following such procedures as surgery or placement of a restoration (filling); teaching patients proper brushing and flossing techniques; making impressions of patients’ teeth for study casts; and performing administrative and scheduling tasks, including using a personal computer, communicating by telephone, and maintaining an inventory supply system. Employment Characteristics Most of the more than 200,000 active dental assistants are employed by general dentists. In addition, dental specialists employ dental assistants. Most assistants work chairside, although they may also participate in the business aspects of the practice. Besides dental offices, other employment settings available to dental assistants include schools and clinics (public health dentistry); hospitals (assisting dentists who are treating bedridden patients or in more elaborate dental procedures performed only in hospitals); dental school clinics; insurance companies (processing dental insurance claims); and vocational schools, technical institutes, community colleges, and universities (teaching others to be dental assistants). Among independent general practitioners, the average number of employees per dentists has remained relatively stable between 1997 and 1998, averaging 4.2 positions. Dental assisting also offers both flexibility and stability. Dental assistants have the flexibility to work full or part time. As of 1998, dental assistants had been working in their current practices for an average of 6 years. The salary of a dental assistant varies, depending on the responsibilities associated with the specific position, the individual training, and the geographic location of employment. The average national
Slide 98: Appendix 7 Emergency Medical Technician -- Paramedic Emergency Medical Technician -- Paramedic Occupational Description Emergency medical technician-paramedics, working under the direction of a physician (often through radio communication), recognize, assess, and manage medical emergencies of acutely ill or injured patients in prehospital care settings. The EMT-paramedics work principally in advanced life-support units and ambulance services under medical supervision and direction. Educational Programs Length. Some programs are designed as a part-time study model, whereas others are organized as full-time collegiate curricula. The average length of training is approximately 1,000 hours; new curriculum standards will probably result in a modest increase over the next few years. Prerequisites. A prospective student is expected to be a high school graduate or the equivalent and to be able to meet the physical and mental demands of the occupation. In addition, certification as an EMT-ambulance is the typical prerequisite for entrance into the EMT-paramedic program (some programs offer a combination of EMT-ambulance and EMT-paramedic training). Individuals who have acquired the equivalent of basic EMT training in the military services within the past 12 months and whose work experience is approved by a recognized state agency may be considered qualified to matriculate in an EMT-paramedic program. Curriculum. The accreditation standards require that a course of instruction be composed of three components: didactic instruction, in-hospital clinical practice, and a supervised field internship in an advanced life-support unit that functions under an emergency medical services command authority. The courses of instruction are expected to be competency-based and supported by performance assessments. Instruction should provide the student with knowledge of acute and critical changes in physiology and psychological and clinical symptoms as they pertain to the prehospital emergency medical care of individuals of all ages. The curriculum should also provide students with an understanding of the ethical and legal responsibilities that they assume as students and that they are being prepared to assume as graduates. Job Description Emergency medical technician-paramedics practice the art and science of out-of-hospital medicine in conjunction with medical direction. Through performance of assessment and providing medical care, their goal is to prevent and reduce mortality and morbidity due to illness and injury. Paramedics primarily provide care to emergency patients in an out-of-hospital setting. Paramedics possess the knowledge, skills, and attitudes consistent with the expectations of the public and the professions. Paramedics recognize that they are an essential component of the continuum of care and serve as linkages among health resources. Paramedics strive to maintain high quality, reasonable cost health care by delivering patients directly to appropriate facilities. As an advocate for patients, paramedics seek to be proactive in affecting long-term health care by working in conjunction with other provider agencies, networks, and organizations. The emerging roles and responsibilities of the paramedic include public education, health promotion, and participation in injury and illness prevention programs. As the scope of service continues to expand, the paramedic will functions as a facilitator of access to care, as well as an initial treatment provider. Paramedics are responsible and accountable to medical direction, the public, and their peers. They recognize the importance of research and actively participate in the design, development, evaluation, and publication of research. Paramedics seek to take part in life-long professional development and peer evaluation, and they assume an active role in professional and community oraganizations.
Slide 99: Appendix 7 Health Technology Diagnostic Medical Sonographer Occupational Description The diagnostic medical sonographer provides patient services using medical ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves that produce images of internal structures). Working under the supervision of a physician responsible for the use and interpretation of ultrasound procedures, the sonographer helps gather sonographic data to diagnose a variety of conditions and diseases, as well as monitor fetal development. Educational Programs Length. Program are between 1 and 4 year, depending on program design, objectives, and the degree or certificate awarded. Prerequisites. Applicants to a 1-year program must posses qualifications in a clinically related allied health profession. Applicants to 2-year programs must be high school graduates (or equivalent) with an educational background in basic science, general physics, and algebra. All applicants must demonstrate satisfactory completion of the following courses at college level: general physics, biological science, algebra, and communication skills. Curriculum. Curricula of accredited programs include physical sciences, applied biological sciences, patient care, clinical medicine, applications of ultrasound, instrumentation, related diagnostic procedures, and image evaluation. A plan for well-structured, competency-based clinical education is an essential part of the curriculum of all sonography programs. Job Description The sonographer provides patient services in a variety of medical settings in which the physician is responsible for the use and interpretation of ultrasound procedures. In assisting physicians in gathering sonographic data, the diagnostic medical sonographer is able to obtain, review, and integrate pertinent patient history and supporting clinical data to facilitate optimum diagnostic results; perform appropriate procedures and record anatomical, pathological, and/or physiological data for interpretation by a physician; record and process sonographic data and other pertinent observations made during the procedure for presentation to the interpreting physician; exercise discretion and judgment in the performance of sonographic services; provide patient education related to medical ultrasound; and promote principles of good health. Employment Characteristics Diagnostic medical sonographers may be employed in hospitals, clinics, private offices, and industry. There is also a need for suitability qualified educators, researchers, and administrators. The demand for sonographers continues to exceed the supply. The supply and demand ratio affects salaries, depending on experience and responsibilities. According to the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers, the salary for diagnostic medical sonographers with less than 1 year of experience is $30,700.
Slide 100: Appendix 7 Health Technology (Continued) Radiographer Occupational Description Radiographers use radiation equipment to produce images of the tissues, organs, bones, and vessels of the body, as prescribed by physicians, to assist in the diagnosis of disease or injury. Radiographers continually strive to provide quality patient care and are particularly concerned with limiting radiation exposure to patients, themselves, and others. Radiographers use problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to Perform medical imaging procedures by adapting variable technical parameters of the procedure to the condition of the patient. Educational Programs Length. Programs are generally 2 to 4 years, depending on program design, objectives, and the degree or certificate awarded. Curriculum. The curriculum of an accredited program includes an extensive component of technical and professional courses, includeing an emphasis on structured competency-based clinical education. Contact a particular program for information on specific courses and prerequisites. Job Description Radiographers apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology, positioning, radiographic technique, and radiation biology and protection in the performance of their responsibilities. They must be able to communicate effecttively with patients, other health professionals, and the public. Additional duties may include evaluating radiologic equipment, conducting a radiographic quality assurance program, providing patient education, and managing a medical imaging department The radiographer must display competence and compassion in meeting the special needs of the patient. Employment Characteristics Radiographers are employed in health care facilities—including specialized imaging centers, urgent care clinics, and private physician offices—and as educators or imaging departments administrators. Salaries and benefits are generally competitive with other health professions and vary according to experience and employment location. Thirty-four states require licensure as a condition of practice.
Slide 101: Appendix 7 Health Technology (Continued) Respiratory Therapist (Entry-level) Occupational Description The entry-level therapist administers general respirattory care. Entry-level therapists may assume clinical responsibility for specified respiratory care modalities involving the application of well-defined therapeutic techniques under the supervision of a respiratory therapist and a physician. Educational Programs Length. Programs are usually 2 years, leading to an associate degree. Prerequisites. High school diploma or equivalent. Curriculum. The knowledge and skills of the entry-level therapist are acquired through formal programs of didactic, laboratory, and clinical preparation. Courses include biological and physical sciences basic to understanding the functioning of the human breathing system, such as anatomy, physiology, medical terminology, chemistry, mathematics, microbiology, physics, therapeutic procedures, clinical medicine, and clinical expressions. Clinical training in routine and special procedures applicable to pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients also is provided. Job Description In fulfillment of the entry-level role, the respiratory therapist may perform the following tasks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Review clinical data, history, and respiratory orders. Collect clinical data by interview and examination of the patient. This includes collecting portions of the data by inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the patients. Recommend and/or perform and review additional bedside procedures, x-rays, and laboratory test. Evaluate data to determine the approprateness of the prescribed respiratory care. Assemble and maintain equipment used in respiratory care. Assure cleanliness and sterility by the selection and/or performance of appropriate disinfecting techniques and monitor their effectiveness. Initiate, conduct, and modify prescribed therapeutic procedures. Employment Characteristics Respiratory therapy personnel are employed in hospitals, nursing care facilities, clinics, doctors’ offices, companies providing emergency oxygen services, and municipal organizations. According to 1996 data from the American Association for Respiratory Care, an advanced respiratory therapist, on average, earns $26,707.
Slide 102: Appendix 7 Health Technology (Continued) Respiratory Therapist (Advanced) Occupational Description The respiratory therapist applies scientific knowledge and theory to practical clinical problems of respiratory care. The advanced respiratory therapist is qualified to assume primary responsibility for all respiratory care modalities, including the supervision of respiratory therapy technician functions. The advanced respiratory therapist may be required to exercise considerable independent clinical judgment, under the supervision of a physician, in the respiratory care of patients. Educational Programs Length. Programs are usually 2 years, leading to an associate degree or, in a few instances, to a baccalaurreate degree. Prerequisites. High school diploma or equivalent. Curriculum. The knowledge and skills for performing these functions are achieved through formal programs of didactic, laboratory, and clinical preparation. Biological and physical sciences basic to understanding the functioning of the human breathing system are included – anatomy, physiology, medical terminology, chemistry, mathematics, microbiology, physics, therapeutic procedures, clinical medicine, and clinical expressions. The program of study also includes social sciences basic to understanding how to relate to patients—psychology, communication skills, and medical ethics. Clinical training in routine and special procedures applicable to pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients also is provided. Job Description In fulfillment of the advanced therapist role, the respiratory therapist may perform the following tasks: 1. Review, collect, and recommend obtaining additional data. The therapist evaluates all data to determine the appropriateness of the prescribed respiratory care and participates in the development of the respiratory care plan. Select, assemble, and check all equipment used in providing respiratory care. Initiate and conduct therapeutic procedures and modify prescribed therapeutic procedures to achieve one or more specific objectives. Maintain patient records and communicate relevant information to other members of the health care team. Assist the physician in performing special procedures in a clinical laboratory, procedure room, or operating room. 2. 3. 4. 5. Employment Characteristics Respiratory therapy personnel are employed in hospitals, nursing care facilities, clinics, physicians’ offices, companies providing emergency oxygen services, and municipal organizations. According to 1996 data from the American Association for Respiratory Care, an advanced respiratory therapist, on average, earns $32,926.
Slide 103: Appendix 7 Medical Lab Technology Clinical Laboratory Scientist/ Medical Technologist Occupational Description Laboratory tests play an important role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases. Clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists perform these tests in conjunction with pathologists (physicians who diagnose the causes and nature of disease) and other physicians or scientists who specialize in clinical chemistry, microbialogy, or the other biological sciences. Clinical laboratory scientists/ medical technologists develop data on the blood, tissues, and fluids of the human body by using a variety of precise methodologies and technologies. Educational Programs Length. Programs are at least 1 year of professional/clinical education in conjunction with a baccalaureate degree. Prerequisites. College courses and number of reuired credits are those necessary to ensure admission of a student who is prepared for the clinical educational program. Content areas should include general chemistry, general biological sciences, organic and/or biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, and mathematics. Survey courses do not qualify as fulfillment of chem.istry and biological science prerequisites, and remedial mathematics courses will not satisfy the mathematics requirement, College/University programs that integrate preprofessional and Professional coursework are structured with professional courses In the junior and senior years. Curriculum. There must be a structured laboratory program, Including instruction pertaining to theory and practice in hematology, and clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunology, and immunohematology. The program must culminate in a baccaulareate degree for those students not already possessing the degree. Job Description In adition to possessing the skills of clinical laboratory technicians/medical laboratory technicians, clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists perform complex analyses, fine-line discrimination, and error correction. They are able to recognize the interdependency of tests and have knowledge of physiological conditions affecting test results so that they can confirm these results and develop data that may be used by a physician in determining the presence, extent, and, as far as possible, cause of a disease. Clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists assume responsibility and are held accountable for accurate results. They establish and monitor quality assurance and quality improvement programs and design or modify procedures as necessary. Tests and procedures performed or supervised by clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists in the clinical laboratory focus on major areas of hematology, microbiology, immunohematology, immunology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis. Employment Characteristics Most clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists are employed in hospital laboratories. Others are employed in physicians’ private laboratories and clinics; by the armed forces; by city,state, and federal health agencies; in industrial medical laboratories; in pharmaceutical houses; in numerous public and private research programs dedicated to the study of specific diseases; and as faculty of accredited programs preparing medical laboratory personnel. Salaries vary depending on the employer and geographic location. Based on a 2000 survey published in Laboratory Medicine, average entry-level salaries ranged from $29,000 to $43,000, and average manager salaries ranged from $44,000 to $63,000.
Slide 104: Appendix 7 Medical Lab Technology (Continued) Clinical Laboratory Technician/ Medical Laboratory TechnicianAssociate Degree Occupational Description Laboratory tests play an important role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases and in the promotion of health. Clinical laboratory techni – cians/medical laboratory technicians perform these tests under the supervision or direction of pathologists (physicians who diagnose the causes and nature of disease) and other physicians, clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists, or other scientist who specialize in clinical chemistry, microbiology, or other biological sciences. Clinical laboratory technicians/medical laboratory technicians (associate degree) develop data on the blood, tissues, and fluids of the human body by using a variety of precise methodologies and technologies. Educational Programs Length. The period of education is usually 2 academic years, with graduates receiving an associate degree. Prerequisites. High school diploma or equivalent. The applicant also must meet the admission requirements of the sponsoring educational institution. Curriculum. Clinical laboratory technician/medical laboratory Technician-associate degree programs are conducted in junior or Community colleges, in 2-year divisions of universities and colleges, or in other recognized institutions granting associate degrees. Courses are taught on campus and usually in affiliated hospitals. Classroom and laboratory classes focus on general knowledge and basic skills; understanding principles and master procedures of laboratory testing; and basic laboratory mathematics, computer technology, communication skills, and interpersonal relationships and responsibilities. The clinical courses include application of basic principles commonly used in the diagnostic laboratory. Technical instruction includes procedures in hematology, microBiology, immunohematology, immunology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis. Job Description Associate degree clinical laboratory technicians/medical laboratory technicians perform all the routine tests in an up-to-date medical laboratory and can demonstrate discrimination between closely similar items and correction of errors by the use of preset strategies. The technicians has knowledge of specific techniques and instruments and is able to recognize factors that directly affect procedures and results. The technicians also monitors quality assurance procedures. Employment Characteristics Most clinical laboratory technicians/medical laboraTory technicians work in hospital laboratories, averaging a 40-hour week. Salaries vary, depending upon the employer and geographic location. Based on a 2000 survey published in Laboratory Medicine, average entry-level salaries ranged from $23,700 to $34,000.
Slide 105: Appendix 7 Medical Assistant Medical Assistant Occupational Description Medical assisting is a multiskilled allied health profession; practitioners work primarily in ambulatory settings such as medical offices and clinics. Medical assistants function as members of the health care delivery team and perform administrative and clinical procedures. in a clinic, hospital, large group practice, or small private office. With demand from more than 200,000 physicians, there are, and will probably continue to be, almost unlimited opportunities for formally educated medical assistants. According ot the American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA), the average entry-level salary in 1998 was $21,247. Educational Programs Length. Programs are either 2 years, resulting in an associate degree, or 1 year, resulting in a certificate or diploma. Prerequisits. High school diploma or equivalent. Curriculum. The curricula of accredited programs must ensure achievement of the Entry-Level Competencies for the Medical Assistant. The curriculum must include anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, medical law and ethics, psychology, communications (oral and written), medical assisting administrative procedures, and medical assisting clinical procedures. Programs must include and externship that provides practical experience in quailfied physicians’ offices, accredited hospitals, or other health care facilities. Job Description Medical assistants work under the supervision of physicians in their offices or other medical settings. In accordance with respective state laws, they perform a broad range of administrative and clinical duties: Administrative duties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • scheduling and receiving patients preparing and maintaining medical records performing basic secreatarial skills and medical transcription handling telephone calls and writing correspondence serving as a liaison between the physicians and other individuals managing practice fininances Clinical duties asepsis and infection control taking patient histories and vital signs performing first aid and CPR preparing patients for procedures assisting the physician with examinations and treatments collecting and processing specimens performing selected diagnostic tests preparing and administering medications as directed by the physician Both administrative and clinical duties involve maintenance of equipment and supplies for the practice. A medical assistant who is sufficiently qualified by education and/or experience may be resposnsible for supervising personnel, developing and conducting public outreach programs to market the physician’s professional services, and participating in the negotiation of leases and of equipment and supply contracts. Employment Characteristics More medical assistants are employed by practicing physicians than any other type of allied health personnel. Medical assistants are usually employed in physicians’ offices, where they perform a variety of administrative and clinical tasks to facilitate the work of the physician. The responsibilities of medical assistants vary, depending on whether they work
Slide 106: Appendix 7 Medical Records Health Information Technician Occupational Description Graduates of associate degree educational programs are known as health information technicians. Entry level heath information technicians may be employed in a variety of settings and they may assume a variety of job titles depending on their education, work experience, and place of employment. Common job titles held by health information technicians in today’s job market include coder, medical record technician, abstractor, supervisor, etc. It is aniticipated that job titles will change as health care enterprises expand their reliance on information systems and technology. Health information technicians have, and will continue to assume, roles that support efforts toward the development of computer-based patient record systems and a national health information infrastructure. Educational Programs Length. Programs are either 2 years, Offering an associate degree. Prerequisites. High school diploma or equivalent. Curriculum. In addition to general education courses, the professional component of the technician program requires biomedical sciences (anatomy, physiology, language of medicine, disease processes, and pharmacology); information technology (microcomputer applications and computers in health care); health data content and structure; health care delivery systems, organization and supervision, health care statistics, and data literacy; clinical quality assessment and performance improvement; clinical classification systems; reinbursement methodologies; legal and ethical issues; and supervised professional practice experiences in health information departments of health care facilities and agencies. Job Description The tasks or functions performed by health information technicians are numerous and continually chaning within the work environment. The job title and work setting will dictate the actual tasks performed by the health information technicians. However, in general, these individuals perform tasks related to the use, analysis, validation, presentation, abstracting, coding, storage, security, retrieval, quality measurement, and control of health care data regardless of the physical medium in which information is maintained. Their task responsibilities may also include supervising personnel. Employment Characteristics Presently, opportunities for practice are found in numerous settings such as acute care general hospitals, managed care organizations, physician office practices, home health care agencies, long-term care facilities, correctional facilities, behavioral health care organizations, insurance companies, ambulatory settings, and state and federal health care agencies. Practice opportunities are unlimited. According to the AHIMA, entry-level salaries average between $20.,000 and $40,000.
Slide 107: Appendix 7 Medical Records (Continued) Medical Transcription Occupational Description Medical Transcriptionists are specialist in medical language and healthcare documentation who interpret and transcribe dictation by physicians and other health professionals regarding patient assessment, workup, therapeutic procedures, clinical course, diagnosis, prognosis, and so on, editing dictated material for grammar and clarity as necessary and appropriate.
Slide 108: Appendix 7 Medicine Physician Assistant Occupational Description The physician assistant is academically and clinically prepared to practice medicine with the direction and responsible supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy. The physician-PA team relationship is fundamental to the PA profession and enhances the delivery of high-quality health care. Within the physician-PA relationship, Pas make clinical decisions and provide a broad range of diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and health maintenance services. The clinical role of Pas includes primary and specialty care in medical and surgical practice settings. PA practice is centered on patient care and may include educational, research, and administrative activities. The role of the physician assistant demands intelligence, sound judgment, intellectual honesty, appropriate interpersonal skills, and the capacity to react to emergencies in a calm and reasoned manner. An attitude of respect for self and others, adherence to the concepts of privilege and confidentiality in communicating with patients, and a commitment to the patient’s welfare are essential attributes of the graduate PA. The professional curriculum for PA education includes basic medical, behavioral, and social sciences; introduction to clinical medicine and patient assessment; and supervised clinical practice. settings average 99.4 per week; in inpatient settings the average is 59 patient visits per week. More than one-third of physician assistants have on-call responsibilities that average 106 hours per month. Salaries vary depending on the experience of the individual, the practice specialty, job responsibilities, and the regioinal cost of living. Educational Programs Length. Although 25 to 27 months is most common, the length of programs varies, largely owing to a difference in student selection criteria and in the educational objectives of the individual program. Prerequisites. Although requirements differ widely, a majority of programs require 2 years of undergraduate study and some work experience in health care. A balance of study in the applied behavioral sciences and the biological sciences is advised for students who wish to qualify for admission to a physician assistant program. Curriculum. Accreditation standards require competency-based curricula. The professional curriculum for PA education includes basic medical, behavioral, and social sciences; clinical preparatory sciences, patient assessment, and supervised clinical practice; health policy; and professional practice issues. Four-year programs are designed to provide the student with a balance of traditional liberal arts courses and biological and applied behavioral science courses. These courses are prerequisites to clinical didactic and supervised clinical practice instruction common to both 2-year and 4-year programs. Supervised clinical practice rotations in pediatrics, family medicine, internal medicine, prenatal care and gynecology, geriatrics, emergency medicine, psychiatry/behavioral medicine, and surgery offer advanced applied content and supervised clinical work experience in dealing with commonly encountered demands for the primary health care of individuals from infancy through child hood, adolecence, and the various phases of adulthood. Employment Characteristics The 2000 Physician Assistant Census, published by the American Academy of Physician Assistants, indicates that of the more than 45,311 practicing physician assistants, over half are practicing in primary care. Family practice is the most common specialty for physician assistants (37%), followed by surgery and surgical subspecialties, general internal medicine, emergency medicine, orthopedics, occupational medicine, pediatrics, and subspecialties of internal medicine, such as cardiology. The majority of physician assistants practice in ambulatory care settings. Solo and group practices employ 39% of all physician assistants. The number of physician assistants employed by hospitals is 25%, owing in part to the number of physician assistants working as house staff. The government employs almost 12% of the physician assistant workforce, primarily in the military and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The remaining members of the profession are participating in managed care organizations, rural and urban clinics, correctional facilities, and other settings. Physician assistants work an average of 44 hours per week. The number of patient visits for physician assistants in outpatient
Slide 109: Appendix 7 Pharmacy Pharmacy Technician Occupational Description Pharmacy technicians assist licensed pharmacists by performing duties that do not require the professional skills and judgement of a licensed pharmacist and assisting in those duties that require the expertise of a pharmacists. Pharmacy technicians are employed in every practice setting where pharmacy is practiced, including institutional, community, home care, long-term care, mail order, and managed care pharmacies. Technicians are also employed in education, research, and the pharmaceutical industry. Technicians may be trained on the job or by completing a formal program. Some formal training programs meet the program accredation standards established by the American Society of HealthSystem Pharmacists. After completing their training, technicians may become a Certified Pharmacy Technician (CPhT) by successfully taking the national certification examination offered by the Pharmacy Technician Certificaion Board. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Collect payment and/or initiate billing for pharmacy services and goods. Purchase pharmaceuticals, devices, and supplies according to an established plan in a variety of health systems. Control medication, equipment, and device inventory according to an established plan in a variety of health systems. Maintain pharmacy equipment in preparing, storing, and distributing investigational drug products. Assist the pharmacist in monitoring the practice site and/or service area for compliance with federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and professional standards. Assist the pharmacist in preparing, storing, and distributing investigational drug products. Assist the pharmacist in the monitoring of drug therapy. Assist the pharmacist in identifying patients who desire counseling on the use of medications, equipment, and devices. Understand the use and side effects of prescription and nonprescription drugs used to treat common disease states. Appreciate the need to adapt the delivery of pharmacy services for the culturally diverse. Maintain confidentiality of patient information. Communicate clearly orally and in writing. Use computers to perform pharmacy functions. Demonstrate ethical conduct in all activities related to the delivery of pharmacy services. Job Description According to the 1991-1994 Scope of Pharmacy Practice Project, pharmacy technicians spend their time in the following ways: • 26%--collect, organize, and evaluate information to assist pharmacist in serving patients • 21%--develop and manage medication distribution and control systems; about half of this time is spent preparing, dispensing, distributing, and administering medications. • 7%--provide drug information and education. These percentages, however may vary widely for many reasons, including the wide range of training and qualifications of pharmacists, the use of technicians as directed by a given supervisory pharmacist, and variations in state pharmacy practice laws. The ASHP Accreditation Standard for Pharmacy Technician Training Programs specifies that graduates of programs should be able to perform the following functions (among others): • Assist the pharmacists in collecting, organizing, and evaluating information for direct patient care, drug use review, and departmental management. • Receive and screen prescription medication orders for completeness and accuracy. • Use pharmaceutical and medical terms, abbreviations, and symbols appropriately. • Prepare and distribute medications in a variety of health system settings. • Perform arithmetical calculations required for usual dosage determinations and solutions preparation. • Use knowledge of general chemical and physical properties of drugs in manufacturing and packaging operations. • Use Knowledge of proper aseptic technique and packaging in the preparation of medications. Employment Characteristics Pharmacy technicians typically provide their services in one or more of the following settings: health systems, community pharmacies, chain pharmacies, home care pharmacies, and pharmacy technician programs. Educational Programs Length. Programs are generally 15 weeks or longer and consist of a minimum of 600 hours of training (contact) time. Graduates generally receive a certificate or AS degree. Prerequisites. Applicants should have a high school diploma or equivalent and meet institutional entrance requirements. Curriculum. The professional curriculum includes formal instruction in didactic, practical, and laboratory areas of pharmacy practice. The curriculum consists of various aspects of pharmacy technician training pertinent to contemporary pharmacy practice. Courses include pharmacy mathematics/calculations, pharmacy for pharmacy technician, sterile products, pharmaceutical care delivery systems, computer systems for pharmacy, and payment for pharrmacy services.
Slide 110: Appendix 7 Physical Therapy Physical Therapist Occupational Description The physical therapist works with many differrent kinds of patients, from those recovering from accidents and people with disabilities to world-class athletes. Therapists help improve patients’ strength and mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities. Therapists take a personal and direct approach to meeting an indvidual’s health goals, working closely with the patient and other health care practitioners. They provide the patient and the patients’s family with instruction and home programs to ensure that healing continues after direct patient care has ended. Physical therapists also work to keep people well and safe from injury, emphasizing the importance of fitness and condition and showing people how to avod injuries at work or play. Physical therapy promotes optimal physical performance and enables health-conscious people to increse their overall fitness level and muscular strenght and endurance. • • • • • • • • • • • Employment Characteristics Physical therapists work in hospitals as well as private physical therapy offices, community health centers, corporate or industrial health centers, sports facilities, research institutions, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, home health agencies, schools, pediatric centers, and colleges and universities. Average annual income for physical therapists is approximately $56,5000 depending on geographic location and practice setting. Physical therapists have the potential to earn more than $100,000 annually. Job Description The physical therapists is able to evaluate a patient’s • joint motion, • muscle strength and endurance, • functional ability, • muscle tone and reflexes, • appearance and stability of walking, • need and use of braces and artificial limbs, • function of the heart and lungs, • integrity of sensation and perception, • performance of activities required in daily living, and • developmental activities. Physical therapy techniques include • therapeutic exercise, • joint mobilization and range-of-motion exercises, • cardiovascular endurance training, • relaxation exercises, • therapeutic massage, • biofeedback, • training in activities of daily living, • wound debridement, • pulmonary physical therapy, and • ambulation training. Modalities, including traction, ultrasound, diathermy, electrotherapy, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, and laser therapy, also can be applied during treatment program. Educational Programs Length. A 4-year college degree in physical therapy from an accredited education program is the current minimum educational requirement for entering the profession; the APTA, however, advocates the completion of a postbaccalaureate degree. Prerequisites. A background in liberal arts and general education is encouraged, including high school courses in social sciences, biology, mathematics, physics, English, and chemistry and college courses in psychology, biology, physics, statistics, chemistry, English, professional writing, and humanities. Curriculum. Educational programs include basic and clinical medical science courses and emphasize the theory and practice of physical therapy. The curriculum includes opportunities to apply and integrate theory through extensive clinical education and a variety of practice settings.
Slide 111: Appendix 7 Physical Therapy (Continued) Physical Therapist Assistant Occupational Description Physical therapist assistants work under the supervision of a physical therapist. Their duties include assisting the physical therapist in implementing treatment programs according to the plan of care, training patients in exercises and activities of daily living, conducting treatments, using special equipment, administering modalities and other treatment procedures, and reporting to the physical therapist on the patient’s responses. Educational Programs Length. These associate’s degree programs—usually offered in a community college or junior college—are 2 years long. Prerequisites. Successful completion of high school courses in social sciences, biology, mathematics, physics, English, and chem.istry is encouraged but not required. Curriculum. The curriculum includes 1 year of general education and 1 year of technical courses and clinical experience. Employment Characteristics Physical therapist assistants work in hospitals, private physical therapy offices, community health centers, corporate or industrial health centers, sports facilities, research institutions, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, home health agencies, schools, pediatric centers, and colleges and universities. The median income for a physical therapist assistant is $26,000; PTAs employed in the southern and western regions of the nation generally earn higher salaries. • • • • • • • • • • • •
Slide 112: Appendix 7 Speech Language Pathology Speech Language Pathologist Job Description Speech-language pathologists are professionals educated in the study of human communication, its development, and its disorders. By evaluating the speech, language, cognitivecommunication, and swallowing skills of children and adults, the speech-language pathologist determines what communication or swallowing problems exist and the best way to treat them. Educational Programs A strong liberal arts focus is recommended on the undergraduate level. Typically, students obtain a degree in communication sciences and disorders. In both professions, graduate work is necessary for receiving credentials, including ASHA certification and most states licenses. A doctoral degree is required for work in some areas. In 2012, ASHA will require a doctoral degree to award certification in audiology. Employment Characteristics Speech-language pathologists may Work in a wide range of settings, including schools, Hospitals, rehabilitation centers, skilled nursing facilities, government health facilities, community clinics, geriatric facilities, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), public health departments, research laboratories, private practices, or industrial corporations. The 2000 median salary for American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-certified speech-language pathologists was $44,000, for audiologists $48,000, and for professionals who hold dual certification $61,000. Those in supervisory positions can earn higher salaries, in addition to generous fringe benefits.
Slide 113: Appendix 8 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR STUDENTS IN HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE I. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR STUDENTS IN HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS Merit & Career Based Scholarships State Nursing Scholarship Optometry Tuition Reduction Program Interstate Compact Physical & Occupational Therapist & Assistants Subtotal Loan Assistant Repayment Program Loan Assistant Repayment Program - Primary Care Services (LARP-PCS) Maryland Dent-Care Assistant Repayment (MDC-LARP) Subtotal Healthcare Financial Assistance Programs $496,250 $164,995 $661,245 $1,746,351 10 5 15 423 $49,625 $32,999 $44,083 $12,000 $1,085,106 6 408 $2,000 $2,660 $1,073,106 402 $2,669 $ FY 2003 # of Awards Average Award Comments II. OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE (Financial assistance that includes, but is not limited to, students in healthcare) Merit & Career Based Scholarships Developmental Disabilities, Mental Health, Child Welfare & Juvenile Justice Workforce Tuition Assistance Firefighter, Ambulance & Rescue Squad Member Tuition Reimbursement HOPE Subtotal Loan Assistant Repayment Program Joan Hoffman Loan Assistant Repayment Program (LARP) Subtotal Other Financial Assistance * $688,501 $688,501 $4,238,883 $860,338 $330,444 $2,359,600 $3,550,382 $ FY 2003 # of Awards Average Award Comments 489 141 883 1,513 241 241 1,754 $1,759 $2,344 $2,672 $2,857 Total $78,716,203 45,409 $1,733 III. ASSISTANCE TO INSTITUTIONS Health Personnel Incentive Program Physician and Nurse Practitioners Programs Assistance to Institutions $560,849 $79,500 $640,349 725 $774 underfunded * *Statute calls for reimbursement of $1,500 per student while actual award was only $725 per student. Source: Maryland Higher Education Commission. (Additional information is available at www.mhec.state.md.us)