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Slide 1: COLLABORATIVE / COOPERATIVE LEARNING Same or different? Flores, Martínez & Sevilla ©2010
Slide 2: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Collaborative Learning Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a structure of interaction designed to facilitate the accomplishment of an end product or goal. (Panitz & Ted, 1996)
Slide 3: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Collaborative Learning Collaborative learning is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together in groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members' abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of authority and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions.
Slide 4: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning is defined by a set of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific. It is more directive than a collaborative system of governance and closely controlled by the teacher.
Slide 5: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning utilizes ideas of Vygotsky, Piaget, and Kohlberg in that both the individual and the social setting are active dynamics in the learning process as students attempt to imitate real-life learning. (Guinevere Palmer, Rachel Peters, Rebecca Streetman, 2008)
Slide 6: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning Panitz (1996) o Differences Collaborative Collaborative style focuses on the process of working together. Collaborative learning has British roots. Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle The students are in charge of obtaining the additional source material. Cooperative Cooperation stresses the product of working together. Cooperative learning has largely American roots. Cooperation is a structure of interaction to facilitate the accomplishment of goals The teacher provides extra materials for learners to analyze.
Slide 7: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Differences Panitz (1996) Collaborative The teacher would be available for consultations to facilitate group discussions The final product is determined by each group The students develop a very strong ownership for the process. Cooperative The teacher might use specific structures, such as a Jig Saw model, to help facilitate the group interactions. The teacher may require a specific product such as a paper or report. The teacher maintains control of the process at each stage
Slide 8: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Differences Collaborative The instructor abdicates his or her authority and empowers the small groups. Groups are often given more open-ended, complex tasks. Collaborative style is used for higher level, less foundational knowledge. (Rockwood, 1995) Cooperative The instructor is the center of authority in the class . Group tasks are usually more closed-ended. Cooperative learning style is used for foundational knowledge (traditional).
Slide 9: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Implications in EFL Teaching * It fosters the use of socio-affective strategies Peer support Group hetereogenity Others’ perspective * It allows a classroom atmosphere improvement. Relatively intimate setting Strength of self-confidence Partners encouragement
Slide 10: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Implications in EFL Teaching * It promotes communicative interaction Share of ideas Problem solving Meaning negotiation * It allows students’ learning and academic achievement Active process involvement Longer retention Critical thinking skills development
Slide 11: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Didactic Materials Designing & ICT * Computers play a role of cooperative tool Web discussions E-learning communities Group research Web Quests Positive interdependence: Roles Keyboarder, navigator, mouse captain, hardware handler… * Collaboration can take place: Before working at the computer While using the computer During a pause in computer use After using the computer
Slide 12: Collaborative / Cooperative Learning o Didactic Materials Designing & ICT ICT provide excellent tools to create didactic materials that promote collaboration among EFL students. However, materials or computers themselves cannot foster cooperative work; teachers have the responsibility to prepare activities where the students can learn the language cooperatively.