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Slide 1: Evolution The change in a population’s genetics or inherited traits over time
Slide 2: The Myth • Life originates by spontaneous generation – Nonliving material gives rise to living material – i.e. maggots and flies spontaneously appear from rotted meat
Slide 3: Enter the Mythbusters • Redi- disproved spontaneous generation of flies • Pasteur- disproved spontaneous generation of bacteria • How?
Slide 4: Mythbusters • Redi
Slide 5: History continues- mid 1800s S shaped neck: Prevents entry Of microorganisms Nutrient Broth: Heated to kill life Nutrient Broth: Grew bacteria if exposed
Slide 6: SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
Slide 7: Biogenesis Living organisms only come from other living organisms
Slide 8: Next Myth SO WHERE DID LIFE BEGIN?
Slide 9: So… Where did life begin? • Oparin- life began in oceans • Organic molecules formed
Slide 10: Enter the Mythbusters… Again Miller and Urey
Slide 11: Miller and Urey Lightning Atmosphere Volcanoes Rai n Ocean
Slide 12: Miller and Urey Organic molecules can be made
Slide 13: Why couldn’t we blow more stuff up? This myth is true!
Slide 14: Now back to Evolution How did we get so much biodiversity?
Slide 15: How are species formed? • Lamarck –use and disuse – if you don’t use it, you lose it – Variation created! – organisms pass on acquired traits – Ex. cut of mouse’s tail, offspring will have no tail
Slide 16: Darwin’s Idea • Natural Selection • Variation already exists • Good variations = survival • Pass on good variations • Bad variations selected against
Slide 17: Let’s Investigate DON’T BELIEVE ME
Slide 18: Choose a partner • Each table is a group • Partners measure each other – Height – Forearm length – Shoe Size All in cm!!! • Create Google account at Google Docs – Enter data into table
Slide 19: Oscar Brittany Ques Ian G. Jana Jorge Dora Elizabeth Ty Dominique D Josh India Dominique Jose Brett Mike Jolisa Kiniesha Mike Jeremy Hope Jade Maria Jason Ian R.
Slide 20: In Lab Notebooks • Title: The Clipbirds • Copy onto a clean sheet • Groups of four to five people
Slide 21: VARIETY… THE SPICE OF LIFE
Slide 22: Variety in your own class
Slide 23: O.K. So We Agree! But how does variation help?
Slide 24: CLIPBIRD ACTIVITY
Slide 25: Choose Your Weapon… Carefully • Select one beak type • Islands have one type of food • Eat as much as you can!!! • Record amount Eaten • Move to next island
Slide 26: Afterwards • Enter data into Google Docs • Answer in notebook • Do you see any trends? • Was any beak better? • Was it always the same beak? • Did it matter which food it was?
Slide 27: WHY IS VARIATION GOOD?
Slide 28: Why is variation good?
Slide 29: Why is variation good?
Slide 30: Why is variation good?
Slide 31: Natural Selection • Process by which advantageous or favorable traits become more common
Slide 32: How does natural selection work?
Slide 34: Inheritance of traits • Thanks Mom and Dad! • Where else would you get the good looks?
Slide 35: Variation • Creates more options for survival
Slide 36: Competition • Best variations survive • Fight for survival!
Slide 37: Overproduction of offspring • Produce more offspring than can survive • Creates Competition
Slide 38: Natural Selection
Slide 39: • Given enough time • Variations build • May form a new species • Will not reproduce
Slide 40: Natural selection • Populations evolve through natural selection • 3 main types of natural selection 1. 2. 3. Stabilizing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection
Slide 41: Stabilizing selection • Average individual favored
Slide 42: Directional selection • Extreme variations favored – i.e. giraffe with longest neck
Slide 43: Disruptive Selection • Both extremes is favorable – Ex. light and dark shells blend in, medium are seen and eaten
Slide 44: How do new species form? • Speciation- the evolution of new species – Species can only reproduce with same species • 3 ways for speciation to occur 1.Geographic isolation 2.Reproductive isolation 3.Adaptive radiation
Slide 45: Geographic Isolation • populations separated by geography (river, mountain, etc.) • Stop reproducing  become 2 different species
Slide 46: Reproductive Isolation
Slide 47: Adaptive radiation • All from one species • Different islands = different food • Lead to variations
Slide 48: How fast does speciation occur? • 2 timeframes for speciation 1. Graudalism 2. Puntuated equilibrium • Both result in new species
Slide 49: Gradualism • A steady, slow divergence
Slide 50: Punctuated Equilibrium
Slide 51: No one has ever seen a species evolve! HOW DO WE KNOW EVOLUTION HAPPENS?
Slide 52: Evidence for Evolution
Slide 53: n mo r om sto Ce c An Similar Structure Diffe rent Func tions on omm e C No uctur Str Simil ar Funct ion Evidence for evolution
Slide 54: Evidence for Evolution
Slide 55: Similar development = common ancestor Genes from one species can be used in another Forms healthy organism!! Same genes turned on in same order! Evidence for Evolution
Slide 56: More similarities = more related Evidence for Evolution
Slide 57: Clearing up the issue… • There is no goal • No top species • No final product
Slide 58: Clearing cont. • Streamlined bodies = speed = survival • Not random • Advantageous variations = survival = reproduction • Non-random selection!
Slide 59: Clearing cont… • Doesn’t satisfy a need • Organisms don’t try to evolve!!
Slide 60: • Know the contributions of – – – – – Redi Pateur Darwin Miller-Urey Oparin For the Test • Definition of natural selection • Evidence: How do they support evolution? – – – – – • Selection graphs: which traits favored? – – – Stabilizing Directional Disruptive Homologous and analogou Vestigial structures Fossils Embryology Biochemistry