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Slide 1: Galileo Galilei Effects of Family and Christianity Herrmann 1:40-2:55 January 23, 2008 Ryan Burgoyne Ben Cantrill David Edwards Jaime Koshy
Slide 2: Introduction As a citizen of a Catholic-dominated society, the church played an important role in Galileo's life Various important religious figures supported and opposed Galileo's theories, but his book was eventually banned by the church and he was condemned as a heretic. Galileo's family influenced him heavily as well. His father performed experiments exploring musical theory when Galileo was young. In his later years, he was extremely close with his eldest daughter, Virginia. Galileo maintained a weak relationship with other members of his family, including his son, younger daughter, and wife
Slide 3: Thesis As a proponent of a nontraditional scientific theory in a religiously charged world, Galileo faced persecution from the Catholic church, but was not universally condemned. The support he received both from his family and a few important members of the church greatly encouraged his continuous pursuit of empirical truth.
Slide 4: Inquisition Firmly established by the 14th century in Catholicism-dominated nations Founded to eliminate heretics Dealings with heretics evolved between the 12th and 16th centuries
Slide 5: Inquisition Anyone could be charged as a heretic Heretics were required to testify against themselves Did not have the right to question their prosecutor No right for counsel Family members also had to testify if prompted No appeals Torture was used in some cases Death penalties given if accused did not repent Pope made a committee of cardinals later to handle false doctrines and defend the faith as reform in answer to abuse of inquisitor privileges
Slide 6: Inquisition "In 1616 these consultants gave their assessment of the propositions that the Sun is immobile and at the center of the universe and that the Earth moves around it, judging both to be 'foolish and absurd in philosophy,' and the first to be 'formally heretical' and the second 'at least erroneous in faith' in theology." Same committee that dismissed Copernicus' publication as forbidden and tried Galileo
Slide 7: Index of Forbidden Books Popes and councils periodically published lists of forbidden books. Among these was Copernicus' De Revolutionibus (1543) and Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Systems of the World. Galileo's book remained on the index until 1824.
Slide 8: Support and Condemnation Paolo Antonio Foscarini A proponent of the Copernican theory Defended it from charges of conflicting with scripture Went to Rome to defend the theory Left before Galileo's arrival His book was also forbidden by the Catholic church Tommaso Caccini A fiery preacher with great ambitions Found success in preaching against the Copernican theory and against Galileo
Slide 9: Family - Galileo's Father Vicenzo Galilei (ca. 1525 - 1591) musician, composer, teacher heavily involved in mathematics a theory behind music debated string tensions of notes an octave apart performed experiments testing musical Dialogo, Vicenzo theories when Galileo was a child Galilei's most heavily influenced Galileo's pursuit of mathematicsfamous opera combining theoretical and practical knowledge answering important quesitons through experimentation
Slide 10: Family - Marina Gamba Galileo became involved with a woman named Marina di Andrea Gamba She ended up moving into Galileo's house in Padua She and Galileo had three children: Virginia (1600), renamed Sister Maria Celeste Livia (1601), renamed Sister Arcangela Vincenzio (1606) Galileo's name did not appear anywhere on any of his children's baptismal records In 1613, Marina Gamba married Giovanni Bartoluzzi
Slide 11: Family - Galileo's Daughter Maria Celeste (Virginia) Galilei (1600-1634) Galileo took her to Florence with her sister in 1613, she and her sister were placed in a convent in 1616, became a nun; renamed herself Sister Maria Celeste extremely affectionate toward her father, consistently wrote him letters from 1623 until her death began with "Most Illustrious Lord Father" ended with "Your most affectionate daughter" although living under squalid conditions and chronically ill, she remained optimistic and full of courage
Slide 12: Family - Galileo's Daughter (2) Hugely influential in Galileo's life after receiving his daughter's complaints about the convent, Galileo helped repair windows and maintain their clock Galileo bought a house overlooking his daughter's convent in 1631; he spent his final years under house arrest there Example of Galihelped complete Galileo's penance preleo's horoscope scribed by the Church for his daughter Galileo was devastated by her premature death
Slide 13: Family - Galileo's Son Vincenzio (1606) When he was only four years old, Galileo left to take his position in the Medici court in Florence Vincenzio was left with Marina Gamba Galileo later was able to have him legitimized by the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Galileo did not have the financial obligation toward his son that he would have had toward his daughters
Slide 14: Conclusion Galileo presented his conclusions about the heliocentric universe during a time of intense persecution of "heretics" by the Church. The Inquisition was created to stamp out anything considered contrary to theological doctrine and tradition. Despite this criticism, many supporters such as Paolo Antonio Foscarini strengthened the burgeoning resistance movement against the Catholic Church. Galileo's family played in integral part in his professional and emotional development Galileo's father encouraged his scientific inquiry Galileo enjoyed an extremely close and loving relationship with his eldest daughter, Virginia, that helped sustain him during his persecution and conviction
Slide 15: Sources The Galileo Project @ http://galileo.rice.edu Areas of Interest: Family and Christianity http://galileo.rice.edu/family.html http://galileo.rice.edu/christianity.html Copyright Information @ http://galileo.rice.edu/abo/copyright.html Images found @ http://www.google.com/images