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Slide 1: STATE OF UTAH DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY DRIVER LICENSE DIVISION Post Office Box 144501 Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4501 D. LANCE DAVENPORT Commissioner Department of Public Safety Nannette Rolfe Director Driver License Division For Driver License Assistance Telephone: 801-965-4437
Slide 2: Help conserve our natural resources. When you are finished with this book, please pass it on to a friend or return it to your local Driver License office. THANK YOU UTAH DRIVER HANDBOOK http://driverlicense.utah.gov This manual contains the rules which should be followed when operating any vehicle on Utah roads. The operator of a bicycle must obey the same rules of the road, and has the same rights and duties as the operator of a motor vehicle or other vehicle. NOTE: This handbook condenses or paraphrases the actual language of the Utah Code. Officers of the courts are guided by the full text and exact language of the law, rather than the Utah Driver Handbook. A new law will be effective January 1, 2010, Lawful Presence Verification for Issuance of a Driver License or Identification Card. An addendum to this handbook will be available this fall on our website www.driverlicense.utah.gov or at any Driver License Office Issued by the UTAH DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY Driver License Division P.O. Box 144501 Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4501 Rev. 08-09 DLD-42 Front Cover photo courtesy of: Jody Stromberg
Slide 3: THE TOP FIVE REASONS PEOPLE DIE ON UTAH HIGHWAYS BASED ON 2007 STATISTICS PROVIDED BY THE UTAH DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY’S HIGHWAY SAFETY OFFICE: Speed too fast 35% Reckless or aggressive driving 34% Driving under the influence 22% Fatigue or asleep 14% Failed to yield right-of-way 12% THE TOP FIVE REASONS PEOPLE CRASH ON UTAH HIGHWAYS BASED ON 2007 STATISTICS PROVIDED BY THE UTAH DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY’S HIGHWAY SAFETY OFFICE: Following too closely 23% Failure to yield right-of-way 19% Speed too fast 14% Driver distraction 10% Failed to keep proper lane 9% THE TOP FIVE REASONS TEENAGERS DIE ON UTAH HIGHWAYS BASED ON 2007 STATISTICS PROVIDED BY THE UTAH DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY’S HIGHWAY SAFETY OFFICE: Speed too fast 43% Reckless or aggressive driving 30% Fatigue or asleep 17% Driving under the influence 11% Failed to keep proper lane 9% Wrong side/wrong way 9% THE TOP FIVE REASONS TEENAGERS CRASH ON UTAH HIGHWAYS BASED ON 2007 STATISTICS PROVIDED BY THE UTAH DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY’S HIGHWAY SAFETY OFFICE: Following too closely 20% Failed to yield right-of-way 16% Speed too fast 12% Driver distraction 10% Failed to keep in proper lane 6%
Slide 4: TABLEOFCONTENTS DEFINITIONS...................................................... i UTAH’S CLASSIFIED LICENSE SYSTEM ....... ii CHAPTER 1-DRIVER LICENSE REGULATION Persons Who Do Not Need a Utah Driver License ............................................................... 1 The Driver License Compact.............................. 1 Persons Who May Not Have A Driver License .. 1 Types of Licenses .............................................. 2 CHAPTER 2-OBTAINING A DRIVER LICENSE Driver Education ................................................. 4 Assumption of Financial Responsibility .............. 4 Positive Identification ......................................... 4 Change of Name ................................................ 5 Tests ................................................................... 5 Donor Program ................................................... 6 Licenses ............................................................. 6 Driver License Fee ............................................. 7 CHAPTER 3-RULES OF THE ROAD Speed ................................................................. 8 Signaling............................................................. 8 Backing............................................................... 8 Proper Use of Lanes .......................................... 8 Overtaking and Passing ................................... 11 Right-of-Way .................................................... 13 Stopping ........................................................... 14 Parking ............................................................. 14 Highway Work Zones ....................................... 15 CHAPTER 4-TRAFFIC SIGNS, SIGNALS, AND ROAD MARKINGS Signs ................................................................ 17 Traffic Signals................................................... 19 Pavement Markings ......................................... 20 CHAPTER 5-BASIC DRIVING SKILLS Freeway Driving ............................................... 22 Ramp Metering ................................................. 23 Night Driving ..................................................... 24 Staying Awake/No Drowsy Driving................... 25 Emergency Measures ...................................... 25 Railroad Crossing ............................................. 26 Light Rail .......................................................... 28 Motorcycles: Sharing the Road ....................... 29 Bicycles ............................................................ 33 Pedestrians and Joggers ................................. 36 Pedestrian Vehicles ......................................... 37 Safety Belts and Car Safety Seats ................... 38 Air Bags ............................................................ 38 CHAPTER 6-HOW CRASHES MAY AFFECT YOU Motor Vehicle Insurance Coverage ................. 40 If You Are Involved in an Crash ....................... 40 Financial Responsibility ................................... 40 CHAPTER 7-SPECIAL SUBJECTS AND INTERESTS FOR DRIVERS Physical Health problems and Driving Safety . 42 Mental and Emotional Conditions .................... 42 Driving and Using Alcohol or Drugs ................ 43 CHAPTER 8-LICENSE REVOCATIONS AND SUSPENSION, ALCOHOL, POINT SYSTEM, DRIVING RECORDS When Your Privilege to Drive Must be Revoked ..... 45 When Your Privilege to Drive May Be Suspended....................................................... 45 The Drinking Driver .......................................... 45 Driving While Denied, Suspended, or Revoked .. 47 Altered or Fictitious License ............................ 47 Point System.................................................... 48 Records ........................................................... 48 CHAPTER 9-REGISTRATION, INSPECTION, AND EQUIPMENT Registration...................................................... 49 Safety Inspection and Equipment .................... 50 Equipment Your Vehicle Must Have ................ 52 Equipment Your Vehicle Must Not Have ......... 52 CHAPTER 10-INFORMATION FOR RV’S AND LARGE VEHICLES Sharing the Road ............................................. 53 Size and Weight .............................................. 53 Equipment........................................................ 54 Driving Rules ................................................... 56 SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS ......................... 58 DRIVER LICENSE FIELD OFFICES .............. 59
Slide 5: SOME DEFINITIONS IN OUR LAWS YOU SHOULD KNOW AS A DRIVER 1. Cancellation – termination of a license issued through error or fraud or for which necessary consent has been withdrawn. Careless Driving - a person operating a motor vehicle is guilty of careless driving if the person commits two or more moving traffic violations within a single continuous period of driving or commits a moving traffic violation while being distracted by one or more activities taking place within the vehicle that are not related to the operation of a motor vehicle, including using a wireless telephone, or other electronic device unless the person is using hands-free talking and listening features while operating the motor vehicle, or searching for an item in the vehicle or attending to personal hygiene, or grooming. Commercial Driver License - a license which allows the holder to operate any vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more, or to transport more than 15 passengers, hazardous materials, doubles/triples, bulk liquids (tankers), or school buses. Denied - withdrawal of driving privilege pending compliance with a rule or request. Disqualification - a temporary or permanent withdrawal of a commercial driver license. Division – the Driver License Division of the Department of Public Safety. Farm Tractor – every self-propelled vehicle designed and used primarily as a farm implement of husbandry. Highway – the entire width between property lines of every way or place as a matter of right for vehicular travel. License - the privilege to operate a motor vehicle. 12. Motor Vehicle – every self-propelled vehicle, except motorized wheelchairs and vehicles moved solely by human power. 13. Motorcycle – every motor vehicle, except farm tractors, having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider, and designed to travel with not more than three wheels in contact with the ground. 14. Operator – a person who is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle. 15. Pedestrian Vehicle – any self-propelled conveyance designed, manufactured, and intended for the exclusive use of persons with a physical disability. The vehicle must not exceed 48 inches in width, have an engine in excess of 300 cubic centimeters (more than 12 brake horsepower), or be capable of exceeding speeds of more than 30 m.p.h. 16. Personal Motorized Mobility Device – a selfpropelled device with two non-tandem wheels in contact with the ground, a system of steering and stopping the unit under typical operating conditions, a motor not exceeding one horse power of 750 watts, and a deck design for a person to stand while operating the device. 17. Provisional License – an original Utah license issued to any person under 21 years of age. 18. Revocation – termination of the privilege to drive a motor vehicle. 19. School Bus – commercial motor vehicle used to transport pre-primary, primary, or secondary school students to and from home and school, or to and from school- sponsored events. 20. Street-legal all-terrain - means an all-terrain type I or utility type vehicle, modified to operate on highways. 20. Suspension – temporary withdrawal of the privilege to drive. 21. Taxicab – a Class D motor vehicle transporting any number of passengers for hire and which is subject to state or federal regulations as a taxi. 22. Vehicle – every device by which any person or property may be transported upon a highway except devices used exclusively on stationary rails or tracks. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. License Certificate/Driving Privilege Card the evidence of the privilege to operate a motor vehicle. 11. Low Speed Vehicle - a four-wheeled electric motor vehicle designed to be operated at speeds of not more than 25 miles per hour and that has a capacity of not more than four passengers, including the driver. i
Slide 6: UTAH’S CLASSIFIED LICENSE SYSTEM The Division will examine each applicant according to the class of license applied for and may impose rules and restrictions necessary to insure the safety of the motoring public. CLASS A Over 26,000 lbs. towed unit “S” Endorsement Available Intrastate Only restriction MIN. AGE 21 18-20 CLASS B Over 26,000 lbs. single or comb vehicle Under 10,001 lbs. towed unit “S” Endorsement available Intrastate only restriction MIN. AGE 21 21 18-20 CLASS C Under 26,000 lbs. if used too transport: 1. 16 + occupants 2. Placarded amounts haz. mat. “S” Endorsement available MIN. AGE 21 21 CLASS D All vehicles not defined as class A, B, C, or motorcycle Taxicab endorsement available MIN. AGE 16 21 ENDORSEMENT CODES H- Hazardous materials K- Restricted to intrastate operation of commercial vehicles L- Restricted to vehicles with no air brakes M- Motorcycles N- Tankers P- Passengers S- School Bus T- Double & triple trailers X- Hazmat & Tankers Z -Taxicab When taking the written tests for all classes of licenses, please allow yourself at least one hour. Written tests for endorsements are required for air brakes, combination vehicles, motorcycles, tankers, taxicabs, passengers, school buses, doubles/triples, and hazardous materials and require additional time. Allow yourself at least 1-1/2 hours additional time when talking a skills test. TESTS FOR COMMERCIAL LICENSES ARE BY APPOINT MENT ONLY AT THE CDL TESTING CENTERS. Commercial vehicles over 10,000 lbs. need to meet most DOT requirements. If you have any questions, contact a CDL office. ii
Slide 7: CHAPTER 1 DRIVER LICENSE REGULATIONS EVERY RESIDENT OF UTAH WHO DRIVES A MOTOR VEHICLE ON THE HIGHWAYS (ANY PUBLIC ROADWAY) MUST HAVE A VALID UTAH DRIVER LICENSE OR LEARNER PERMIT. Persons become residents if they: 1. Enter the state with intention of making Utah their home. 2. Are gainfully employed in Utah. (Does not apply if you are on temporary assignment in the state.) PERSONS WHO DO NOT NEED A UTAH LICENSE Nonresident Drivers Nonresidents licensed by another state or country may drive in Utah: 1. If they are at least 16 years old. 2. If they are temporary assigned by an employer, religious or private organization, or governmental entity. Visitors with a valid out-of-state or out-of-country license may drive in Utah for up to six months. Nonresident Dependents Military Service Personnel and to comply with the terms of a traffic citation. The driver’s home state will suspend the driver’s privilege to drive until it receives satisfactory evidence that the driver has complied with the terms of the citation in the member’s state. This Compact also facilitates release of out-of-state drivers who are cited by law enforcement, instead of incarcerating them or requiring posting of bond. Fortyfour states, plus the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.), are members of the NRVC. States that are NOT members are: • Alaska • California • Michigan • Montana • Oregon • Wisconsin PERSONS LICENSE WHO MAY NOT HAVE A UTAH Nonresident military personnel (including dependents) who are temporarily assigned in Utah may drive if they have a valid out-of-state or out-of-country license. Other Exceptions Persons are not required to get a driver license to drive road rollers, road machinery, or farm tractors on Utah highways. The following list outlines conditions under which you may not be issued a Utah driver license: 1. If you are under the required age of 16. 2. If your driving privilege is denied, suspended, revoked, or disqualified. 3. If you are unable to understand highway signs in the English language. 4. If you are physically or mentally unable to drive safely. 5. If you have not passed the required examinations. 6. If you have a traffic ticket or other warrant which has not been settled. 7. If you are not a resident of the state. 8. If you are under 18 years of age, and have not held a learner permit issued for six months. DRIVING BY MINORS A person younger than 17 years of age may not operate a motor vehicle upon any highway (ANY public roadway) between the hours of 12:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. except for the following: 1. When accompanied by a licensed driver at least 21 years of age who is occupying a seat next to the driver; 2. Driving is in connection with the driver’s employment, including the trip to and from the driver’s residence to the driver’s employment; 3. The driver drives directly to the driver’s residence from a school-sponsored activity if transportation to the activity is provided by a school or school district, and the provided transportation commenced from and returns to the school property where the driver is enrolled. 4. The driver is on assignment of a farmer or rancher and the driver is engaged in an agricultural operation; or 5. In an emergency. A person may not operate a motor vehicle upon any highway (ANY public roadway) with any passenger who is not an immediate family member of the driver until: 1 NOTE: YOUR OUT-OF-STATE LICENSE MUST BE SURRENDERED UPON APPLICATION FOR A UTAH LICENSE THE DRIVER LICENSE COMPACT Utah is a member of both the Driver License Compact (DLC) and the Non-Resident Violator Compact (NRVC). The DLC provides guidelines for greater cooperation among members in driver license matters. Among other things, member jurisdictions exchange driver records and forward convictions for traffic offenses to the driver’s home state. Forty-five states, plus the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.), are members of the DLC. States that are NOT members are: • Georgia • Massachusetts • Wisconsin • Michigan • Tennessee The NRVC provides for members to forward notices from their courts that an out-of-state driver has failed
Slide 8: 1. 2. Six months from the date the person’s driver license was issued; or The person reaches 18 years of age. This license allows you to drive all personal vehicles (up to 26,000 pounds) with the exception of motorcycles. To drive a taxicab, you must have a taxicab endorsement. Driving Privilege Card A Driving Privilege Card may be issued to an applicant who does not qualify for a Social Security Number, but who has received an Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN). The Driving Privilege Card may also be issued to a foreign visitor who is here legally, but does not qualify for either a Social Security or ITIN Number. The Driving Privilege Card may be used for driving, but not for identification or proof of a person’s age. Larger Class License Other class licenses are required if you drive certain types of vehicles. You must be at least 18 years old before applying for any of these licenses and, if under 21 years old, you will be restricted to intrastate operation only. For commercial interstate classes, you must be at least 21 years old. Each class or endorsement requires special tests. For further details, see the Commercial Driver License manual. You must also have one year driving experience to qualify for the Commercial Driver License (CDL). Motorcycle Endorsement To operate a motorcycle on Utah highways, your driver license must have a motorcycle endorsement. The requirements for this endorsement are the same as for obtaining an operator license except that the tests are different. If you have not been licensed to operate a motorcycle previously, you may be issued a motorcycle learner permit, if necessary. For further information on the motorcycle learner permit see the Motorcycle Operator Manual. The Division may waive the skills portion of the test upon successful completion of a Division-approved motorcycle education course. (Contact any Driver License office or call 1-800-532-7691 for details.) Any motorcycle operator or passenger who is under 18 years of age must wear approved DOT helmet. Also, all motorcycles licensed for street use must have liability insurance coverage. The signature of a parent or guardian is required for motorcycle applicants under 18 years of age, if the applicant has not been previously issued a driver license. NOTE: Utah has a tired licensing system for all motorcycle operators. You will be restricted depending on the cc size of the motorcycle upon which you are tested. (For more information see the Utah Motorcycle Operators Manual). Restricted and/or Limited Licenses The Driver License Division can issue driver licenses to individuals who have disabilities or reduced capacity to drive safely in all types of traffic conditions. Exceptions to this rule are: a. If accompanied by a licensed driver at least 21 years of age; b. On assignment of a farmer or rancher and the driver is engaged in an agricultural operation; c. In an emergency. TYPES OF LICENSES Learner Permit If you are at least 15 years old, you may apply for a learner permit, if desired/needed. This permit will be issued when you have successfully passed the written, eye, physical, and mental fitness tests. The permit is valid for one (1) year from date of issue. The nonrefundable fee for the learner permit is $15. When you have completed an approved driver education course, either through a commercial driver school or by driver education approved by the State Board of Education or the Division, you will be required to pay a nonrefundable original license fee, and pass a driving skills test. NOTE: all nonrefundable application fees allow for no more than three (3) attempts to pass the test(s). 18 Years Or Older An applicant older than 18 years of age, with a learner permit, may operate a Class D motor vehicle if a person who is 21 years old or older and is a licensed driver is occupying a seat beside the applicant, and the learner permit is in the applicant’s immediate possession. Younger Than 18 Years Old An applicant younger than 18 years of age, with a learner permit, may operate a Class D motor vehicle if an approved driving instructor is occupying a seat beside the applicant; or the applicant’s parent or legal guardian is a licensed driver and is occupying the seat beside the applicant; or the responsible adult who has signed for financial responsibility and is a licensed driver and is occupying the seat beside the applicant. The learner permit must be in the applicant’s immediate possession. NOTE: An applicant who is under 18 years of age is required to hold a learners permit for six (6) months before applying for a provisional Class D license. Operator License (Class D) To get an original operator license, you must be at least 16 years old and have completed an approved driver education course or have proof of a license from another state or country. 2
Slide 9: This means that drivers who have experienced medical problems such as major surgery, amputation, or serious illnesses do not necessarily have to give up driving. Additionally, drivers who experience diminished reflexes or vision problems, and who are afraid they will lose their driving privilege because of these things, should know that is not always the case. The Division can review a driver’s medical report provided by a health care provider and administer tests that measure a driver’s functional ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. In some cases, once this assessment has been completed, a license with restrictions may be issued which will permit the driver to continue driving within safe limits of the driver’s ability. Sometimes the Division will request that a driver appear for a review examination. The request for an evaluation may be based upon a request from a law enforcement officer who observed a driving situation which calls into question the driver’s ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. A request may also be prompted by a report from another individual or agency which indicates that the driver may be impaired or have a medical condition which requires an assessment of the driver’s functional ability to drive. A review examination does not necessarily lead to the withdrawal of the driving privilege. In most cases, upon completion of the review process, a driver is allowed to drive under applicable restrictions if deemed safe by the Division. If an individual does not complete a required review examination, the driving privilege will be withdrawn. The review examination consists of taking a vision screening test, a routine knowledge test, and oftentimes a skills test in the driver’s vehicle. If the driver has a physical impairment or medical problem, the driver may also be asked to have his or her health care provider complete a medical form for the Division. Usually the form can be filled out by the health care provider from information in the driver’s medical records and a special appointment or physical examination is not required. The review examination is scheduled by making an appointment at the driver’s convenience and generally takes less than one hour to complete. After the review examination has been completed, a hearing officer will discuss the results with the driver and will review the medical evaluation form if one is required. The hearing officer will take into account the driving needs of the individual, the type of roads or highways used, the traffic conditions usually experienced, etc. The officer will also refer to guidelines established by the Driver License Medical Advisory Board as they relate to the medical form provided by the driver (see Chapter 7). The hearing officer will then decide whether any restrictions need to be placed upon the driver license. Only when the Division determines that a driver cannot operate a vehicle safely under any conditions is the driver license withdrawn. Often no restrictions are required, but when they are, one or more of the following conditions are specified on the driver license: • (A) No restrictions • (B) Driver must wear corrective lenses while driving. • (C) Vehicles must be equipped with mechanical aid(s). • (D) Driver must wear a prosthetic aid when driving. • (E) Vehicle must be equipped with automatic transmission. • (F) Vehicle must be equipped with outside mirror(s). • (G) Driver may only drive during daylight hours. (V) Driver may only drive on roads with a posted • speed of 40 mph or less. (J) Driver may drive only to and from and in • connection with work. • (J) Special restrictions may reflect the driver’s special needs such as the need to drive only within his or her community for necessary travel like shopping, going to the doctor’s office, attending church services, etc. • (K) Driver may operate commercial motor vehicles in intrastate commerce. • (0) 90 cc or less motorcycle. • (1) Ignition interlock device. • (2) 249 cc or less motorcycle. • (3) 649 cc or less motorcycle. • (4) Street legal ATV. The Driver License Medical Advisory Board has recommended that certain restrictions be applied whenever the medical evaluation form indicates a particular level of severity of impairment. The Division generally adheres to those recommendations very closely. Any driver who does not feel such recommendations apply to his or her circumstances may petition the Medical Advisory Board for a review. The Medical Advisory Board also establishes guidelines for granting waivers for intrastate CDL drivers. A fee is required to process each CDL waiver application. The Driver License Division recognizes that there is a big difference in the range of functional abilities among Utah drivers when operating motor vehicles. The Division is also aware that changes in driving abilities occur naturally as drivers mature and age. The system for measuring driving skills also permits driving privileges to be tailored to individual circumstances as long as the safety of others is not jeopardized. The Division can usually make accommodations for changes in a person’s functional ability to drive, but the Division will not hesitate to deny driving privileges to drivers who are clearly unsafe. 3
Slide 10: CHAPTER 2 OBTAINING A DRIVER LICENSE OR DRIVING PRIVILEGE CARD Driver License Obtaining a driver license involves these simple steps: 1. Completion of driver training and completion of other “additional driving requirements” (see below), or have a “clear” license status from another state or country. 2. Assumption of financial liability. 3. Furnish two forms of positive identification. 4. Furnish two forms as evidence of your Utah residence address. 5. Furnish proof of your social security number. 6. Payment of applicable fees. 7. Completion of medical questionnaire and vision test. 8. Completion of required written/skills tests. 9 A photo. Any or all of these steps may apply to you, depending on your individual situation. NOTE: Under Utah law, the individual driver is responsible to refrain from driving if there is any uncertainty about his/her physical, mental, or emotional status which may affect driving safety. If the condition persists, the driver is responsible for reporting such conditions to the Driver License Division. To assist each driver license applicant, brief health questions are required to be answered at the time of license application. If certain problems are apparent, applicants may be referred to their health care provider for a competent evaluation, advice, and completion of a health profile form as the basis for issuing an appropriate permit or license (see Chapter 7 for further details). Physically challenged applicants with special needs are invited to contact the supervisor of the local Driver License office for assistance. Completion of Driver Education All individuals who have never been licensed to drive a motor vehicle must complete an approved driver education course before being licensed in Utah. A certificate of completion of the course must be furnished to the examiner at the time application is made. Remember that this certificate of completion is not a license to drive. Effective July 1, 2003, local school districts may allow a student to complete the classroom instruction portion of driver education in the public schools, through a home study program, or electronic high school, and allow the student to complete the behind-the-wheel portion of driver education with a private provider. Additional Driving Requirement All individuals under 18 years of age applying for a driver license for the first time must complete 40 hours of driving a motor vehicle, of which at least ten hours must be during night hours. The hours of driving in a driver education course may be counted as part of this requirement. The 40 hours of driving a motor vehicle may include up to five hours completed by driving simulation practice on a fully interactive driving simulation device, at the substitution rate provided under Subsection 53-3-211 (7) Utah Code Annotated, 1953. The person signing the application of a minor (accepting joint liability) must certify to the completion of this request. Assumption of Financial Responsibility Every person who is under 18 years of age must have the application signed by a parent or legal guardian (proof of guardianship must be provided to Driver License personnel). If no person has custody, then a responsible adult who is willing to assume responsibility for the minor may sign. The person who signs should realize that his/her signature is an assumption of legal responsibility for the applicant’s driving. It may be withdrawn if the adult who signed is no longer willing to assume that responsibility. When the signature is withdrawn, the applicant’s driving privilege is canceled and may be regained only through proper assumption of responsibility and the payment of another fee. The applicant may also be required to retake tests. In addition to the liability assumed under this section, the person who signs the application of a minor for a provisional license must certify that the minor applicant, under the authority of a permit issued, has completed at least 40 hours of driving a motor vehicle, of which at least ten hours shall be during night hours after sunset. Positive Identification In order to protect an applicant’s personal identity, the Division has adopted stringent guidelines related to the acceptance of identity documents. Additionally, the Division seeks prosecution and sanctions against anyone submitting fraudulent documents or committing a fraudulent act in the application process. The Division seeks the best-documented evidence to establish credible identification of the applicant by asking to see a state-certified birth certificate. Hospital-issued, miniature, or photocopied certificates are not acceptable. The Division may consider other proof as a last measure only. The Division has discretion under law to require additional evidence as is deemed necessary. Below is a list of documents to consider when a certified birth certificate cannot be obtained: • Passport • Resident Alien Registration Card • Utah State ID card • Court of record document • Military document • Current driver license • Police pistol permit with photo • Mortgage or lease document • Church record • Indian blood Certificate • I-94 or I-551 Card 4
Slide 11: NOTE: When changing a name, a legal document granting the name change must be furnished. Examples are: government issued marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court order. Social Security Number Utah law requires a valid Social Security Number to obtain a driver license or an Identification Card. The Division considers the Social Security Card as the best evidence for applicants for a first-time or original Utah Driver License or Identification Card. The Social Security number is not displayed on the driver license. The Social Security Administration may provide an applicant a duplicate card if the original card is lost or destroyed. NOTE: The Division may also accept a W-2 form, a SSA-1099 form, a Non SSA-1099 form, or a pay stub with the applicant’s name and social security number. Residence Address Verification Utah law requires an applicant for a driver license or identification card to verify that they reside in Utah. This can be done by providing two different types of documents which can demonstrate the applicant’s residence address. Some examples may be: • Utility bill • School transcript or enrollment • Rental agreement • Mortgage • Government documents Court papers • Insurance policy • Medical papers Completion of Required Tests When you are ready to take the driver license examination, go to any Driver License Division office. Full-time offices are located in LOGAN, BRIGHAM CITY, OGDEN, FARMINGTON, SALT LAKE CITY (FAIRPARK), WEST VALLEY CITY, SOUTH VALLEY, OREM, PRICE, RICHFIELD, CEDAR CITY, TOOELE, and DIXIE (HURRICANE). CDL offices are open by appointment at BRIGHAM CITY, SALT LAKE CITY (FAIRPARK), WEST VALLEY CITY, SOUTH VALLEY, HEBER, OREM, ROOSEVELT, VERNAL, PRICE, MOAB, BLANDING, EPHRAIM, RICHFIELD, CEDAR CITY, and DIXIE (HURRICANE). These offices are open 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., Monday through Thursday; one should call their local office for service times. The addresses of all offices are shown in the back of this manual as well as some office phone numbers. All part-time Driver License offices are visited on a regular basis by an examiner. Although times may vary, a schedule will be posted at all testing locations. Arrive early enough before closing to ensure you have sufficient time to complete all of the licensing process. NOTE: An application started at a Driver License office must be completed at that office, including all written and driving skills tests. Eye (Vision) Test The Division requires 20/40 vision and peripheral fields (side vision) of 90° in at least one eye to pass the vision test. If you fail to meet this standard with or without glasses, you will be required to get a statement from your eye doctor. The statement must be presented before your application can be completed. It should indicate specific vision problems and suggested restrictions, if any. A vision test is required on all original, lapsed, duplicate, and, in some cases, renewal licenses. Everyone age 65 and older is required to pass a vision examination every five years. Written Test The written test will include: 1. ROAD SIGNS – You may be shown several common road signs and asked to tell what they mean. 2. WRITTEN QUESTIONS – You will be asked to answer a number of written questions based upon information in this handbook. The questions will be related to your specific type of license. CDL testing requires a specific written test or tests for the required license and/or endorsements. You are allowed to take two written tests in one day. ROAD TEST The examiner may require you to demonstrate your driving ability. If so, you must provide the vehicle to be used. It must be properly registered and comply with vehicle safety laws, including functioning safety belts. The vehicle may be rejected if its condition could cause harm to the examiner’s person or clothes. The license applicant and the examiner are the only occupants allowed in the vehicle during the road test. In addition to road rules and regulations, you will be judged on the use of proper driving techniques and other important elements of safe driving, such as your general behavior and attitude. During the road test, you will not be asked to do anything that is against the law. The following is a partial list on which you may be judged during the test: • Driving posture • Observance of traffic signs and signals • Left and right lanes • Proper use of lanes • Backing • Starting and stopping • U-turns • Attention at intersections • Steering • Parking on hills and between vehicles • Coordination • Three point turn • Parallel parking If you fail the road test, you will be expected to practice before taking another test. You may only take one road test in a day and may have to wait several days or weeks before attempting additional tests. The failure to pass the required tests in three attempts will result in having to pay another fee (two attempts for CDL). All tests must be completed within six months from the day you pay your fee. 5
Slide 12: Any person may be asked to complete a road test if the examiner feels the applicant’s ability to drive may be in question. Those applying for CDL must take a road test in the type of vehicle they will be driving. The CDL road test is a thorough test given by appointment. Please call your local office for further information. NOTE: Road tests (including motorcycle skills tests) are given by appointment only in most offices. Third Party Testers Third party testers are available to administer road tests to individuals who are applying for a Class D operator license. Third party testers must be certified and licensed both as commercial driver education instructors and as commercial school testers in order to administer the road test. A separate fee for testing will be required by the third party tester, which is not a part of the licensing fees collected by the Division. For a current list of certified third party testers, please see http://driverlicense.utah.gov. Photo When you apply for a license or identification card, your photo will be taken. You will receive a temporary license with a photo that day. When all requirements to obtain a license have been completed, your permanent license will be mailed to you. Driving Privilege Card A Driving Privilege Card allows an applicant driving privileges only. It is not valid for identification or age verification. Except as provided by law, the same provisions, requirements, classes, endorsements, fees restrictions, and sanctions apply to the Driving Privilege Card, as apply to the driver license. There are presently two situations that apply to the Driving Privilege Card: 1. An applicant who does not qualify for a Social Security Number, but has been issued an Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN) by the IRS, may apply for a Driving Privilege Card. The card (issued with an ITIN) is valid for one year, expiring on the applicant’s birth date, in the following year. 2. An applicant who does not qualify for a Social Security Number, and is not assigned an ITIN, may apply for a Driving Privilege Card after complying with all requirements, including proof that: a. they are a citizen of another country b. they do not qualify for a Social Security Number c. they are in the United States legally d. they are a resident of Utah, with residence address This card expires in five (5) years (on applicant’s birth date) or on the expiration date of the legal presence document(s), whichever comes first. 6 NOTE: In most cases no drive time will be permitted until you have received your plastic Driving Privilege Card in the mail. Licensing Services There are many services provided by the Driver License Division, including the following: • Licenses and Driving Privilege Cards • Address changes • Photo identification cards • Donor cards Utah driving records • Voter registration Donor Program When applying for or renewing your driver license or state ID, you will have the opportunity to register your wish to be an organ, eye, or tissue donor. You will then be registered on the Yes Utah Donor Registry. One organ donor can potentially save the lives of nine (9) people. Someone who donates tissues can help over 50 people. An open casket funeral is still possible and there is NO CHARGE to the donor’s family for the recovery of organs and tissues. If you do not wish to register your desire to be an organ, eye or tissue donor, nothing further needs to be done. If you want to change or limit your donation wishes, or for more information, go to: www.yesutah.org, or call 1-866-YES-UTAH (937-8824) LICENSES NOTE: The Utah Criminal and Traffic Code requires that a driver must have a valid driver license in his/her immediate possession at any time when operating a motor vehicle. Out-of-state drivers who have not been licensed in the state of Utah, first time drivers, and drivers that change from one license type classification to another will be issued an original license. The license will expire on the applicant’s birthday five years after issue. Renewal License You may apply for a renewal of your license up to six months prior to the expiration of the license. After paying fees and passing the required tests, you will be issued a new license. It will expire on your birthday in five years. Driving Privilege Cards obtained with an ITIN expire each year on the applicant’s birthday. Driving Privilege Cards obtained without an ITIN expire in five years or on the expiration date of the legal presence document, whichever comes first. Military personnel who had a valid Utah license at the time of entry into the service may continue to use that license up to 90 days after discharge (this provision applies only to those military members stationed outside of Utah). Lapsed License Drivers who let their licenses expire must apply for a new license. Those individuals should also be prepared to complete all phases of the examination process, to include both the written and skills tests.
Slide 13: Duplicate License When you apply for a duplicate license, you must provide proof of your identity. At least TWO forms of identification such as those already listed will be required. In addition, an eye test must be passed and a new photograph taken. The expiration date of a duplicate license will be the same date as the license it replaces. Address Change If you have a change of address, you are required by law to furnish the new address and your license number to a Driver License office within TEN DAYS. This may be done by mail, online at http://driverlicense.utah.gov, or in person. This is very important, especially if you are eligible for the “Extension/Renewal By Mail” program, because the post office will not forward mail from the Driver License Division. NOTE: Address changes for a CDL, Driving Privilege card, or registered sex offender must be made in person at a Driver License office (verification of the new address is required). Utah Photo Identification Card Only a Utah resident may obtain a Utah Identification Card. Proof of full legal name, date and place of birth, resident address, and Social Security Number must be provided. The Social Security Number cannot appear on the identification card, but must appear on the application. Photostatic copies of verification documents are not acceptable. If an applicant is under 16 years of age, a parent or legal guardian must sign the application. NOTE: The identity, resident address and social security documents required for obtaining a Utah Driver License are the same for obtaining a Utah Identification Card. !!!Save your time and gas!!! It is always unfortunate when people spend time and gas to come to one of our offices only to find out that they cannot be helped for some reason. Here are some hints to avoid having that happen to you: 1. Arrive early enough to be able to complete processing, including taking a written test. More time may be required if you need to take a road test. We cannot guarantee completion of required processing after closing time. 2. Road tests (including motorcycle skills tests) are given by appointment only at most offices. Road tests will not be given when conditions exists that could create unsafe driving. Those conditions include bad weather and vehicles that are not registered or are unsafe, i.e., broken windshields or no seat belts. 3. Although you may pay for your license by check, credit card, or cash, there are a few things you should know to prevent inconvenience. We cannot cash payroll or two-party checks. The 4. checks must be made payable to the Department of Public Safety and must be in the correct amount. If your check is returned by the bank without payment, you will be required to pay a $20 service charge, if you wish to keep your driving privilege. All learners who wish to take a driving test must be accompanied by a licensed driver. Driver License Fees As of 7/01/08 (Non-Refundable) Original Utah license (under 21)........................ $30.00 Original Utah license (over 21) .......................... $25.00 Learner permit application fee ........................... $15.00 Taxicab endorsement .......................................... $7.00 Renewal of license ............................................ $25.00 Renewal of license (65 years and older) ........... $13.00 Extension of license by mail .............................. $20.00 Extension of license by mail (65 years and older) ....... $11.00 Duplicate license ............................................... $18.00 Utah identification cards .................................... $18.00 Commercial Driver License Written test.......................................... $40.00 Skills (driving) test ............................... $60.00 Endorsements Taxicab, tanker, hazardous materials, passengers, school bus, DBL/TPL, hazmat & tanker ................... $7.00 Motorcycle ............................................ $9.50 Reinstatement fee after revocation (in addition to other required fees) .................................................... $30.00 Reinstatement fee – alcohol/drug related .......... $65.00 Alcohol/drug administrative fee ....................... $170.00 Check collection fee .......................................... $20.00 Note: Fees are subject to change 7
Slide 14: CHAPTER 3 RULES OF THE ROAD SPEED In Utah, there is the “Basic Speed Law” which states that you may never drive faster than is reasonably safe. However, when there is no sign, and where no special hazards exist, the following speeds are permitted: 20 miles per hour 1. When passing a school building or grounds during school recess. 2. While children are going to or leaving school during opening or closing hours or when flashing lights are operating. 25 miles per hour – In any business or residential area. 45 miles per hour – MINIMUM SPEED on a freeway under normal conditions. 55 miles per hour – On major highways, as posted. 65/75 miles per hour – On rural interstate highways. Because “rural” interstate is defined by census boundaries, it may be confusing to know which areas are 65 mph and which are 75 mph. “I thought this was a 75 mph zone” is not a valid response if you are pulled over. Remember, only when posted on interstate highways is 65 or 75 mph allowed. The 65/75 mph transition zones in Utah are indicated with pavement markings and additional signs. In addition to the above speed limits, there are times when the law requires that you slow down. Some of those times include: 1. When approaching and crossing an intersection or railroad crossing. 2. When approaching and going around a curve. 3. When approaching the top of a hill. 4. When traveling upon any narrow or winding road. 5. When special hazards such as people walking beside the road, heavy traffic, or dangerous road conditions exist. 6. During poor weather conditions. Driving on an icy road at 10 miles per hour or driving on an open highway on a rainy night at 25 miles per hour may be too fast. 7. Any time when you cannot see clearly. 8. In any highway work zones where construction, maintenance, or utility work is being done. 9. When approaching any authorized vehicle which is flashing red, red and white, or red and blue lights. On the other hand, do not drive so slowly that you become a source of danger on the road. Traffic officers are allowed to issue tickets if you are interrupting the normal flow of traffic. SIGNALING Signals shall be given by the use of turn signals, stoplights, or your hand and arm. Good drivers always signal their intentions well in advance. Signals are required: 1. For two seconds before turning. 2. For two seconds before beginning any lane change. 3. Any time you pull away from a curb. 4. When you intend to slow down or stop. Your brake lights will accomplish this if they are operating properly and can readily be seen. 5. In addition, most cars have an emergency flasher system for use when your car is disabled on the highway. Use it. Signals for Stops and Turns Left Turn Slow or Stop Right Turn BACKING Be especially careful when backing. Keep your vehicle on the right-hand side of the road and do not back unnecessarily long distances. Make sure the way behind you is clear before you start backing. Do not interfere with other traffic on the highway. Always turn your head and look to the rear while backing. Do not back up on a freeway or interstate. PROPER USE OF LANES As our Utah road system becomes more complex, the proper use of lanes becomes increasingly important. You should be aware of the laws concerning turns, lane changes, overtaking, and passing. Whenever you are changing lanes or passing, it will be necessary for you to completely exit your current lane of travel and enter the next lane. Turns A driver cannot safely operate a vehicle if he/she does not know how to make proper turns. In general, a good turn involves: 1. Making up your mind before you get to the turning point. 2. Signaling and safely moving into the proper lane well in advance of your turn. If you cannot get into the proper lane at least 100 feet before your turn, do not turn. 8
Slide 15: 3. 4. 5. Giving the proper turn signal at least two seconds before reaching the point where you plan to turn. Slowing down to a reasonable turning speed. Making the turn properly. The following instructions and illustrations will help you make proper turns. (Remember, a person may not operate a vehicle over, across, or within any part of an island). Turn From a Two-way Street onto a One-way Street and From a One-way Street onto a Two-way Street You may turn left onto a one-way street from a oneway street on a red light after first coming to a complete stop. How to Make a Left Turn 1. Well before reaching the corner, signal your intention to change lanes, make a head check to the left, and move into the left lane. 2. Start slowing down, and turn on the left turn signal at least two seconds before reaching the point where you wish to turn. 3. Look to the right and to the left before starting to make your turn. 4. Do not start turning until on-coming lanes are clear. 5. Enter the street onto which you are turning just to the right of the centerline. 6. Do not turn from or enter into the right hand lane. 7. Left turns may be made on a highway across double yellow line pavement markings indicating a two direction, no-passing zone. Roundabouts Roundabouts were created in an effort to reduce the number of points where conflict can occur between vehicles and other vehicles or pedestrians. A roundabout has 12 potential points of conflict compared to 56 potential points of conflict at a regular “4-leg” intersection. A typical roundabout has a mountable curb around the outside of the center island to accommodate big trucks and semis as necessary. Regular “4-leg” intersection With 56 potential points of conflict How to Make a Right Turn 1. Well before reaching the corner, signal your intention to change lanes, make a head check to the right, and move into the right lane. 2. Start slowing down, and turn on the right turn signal at least two seconds before reaching the corner. 3. Look in both directions before you start to make your turn. 4. Keep as close to the right as possible. Roundabout With 12 potential points of conflict 9
Slide 16: There are four points to remember when using a roundabout, 1) always yield to the traffic that is already in the roundabout; 2) roundabouts run counter clockwise, always enter the roundabout to your right; 3) always yield to pedestrians; and 4) always signal going in and out of a roundabout. The roundabout is a free flowing traffic lane; therefore, it is not regulated by traffic lights. It is extremely important for the driver to be aware of pedestrians that might be crossing the traffic lanes of a roundabout. Continuous Flow Intersections (CFI) New to Utah is a Continuous Flow Intersection (CFI). The first one is located at 3500 South and Bangerter Highway in West Valley City. CFI is a new approach to intersection design. Compared to a traditional intersection, it reduces the steps in the light cycle and places left turns along a safer path. Making left turns on a CFI Proceed just like a normal intersection, but watch for another light just past the intersection. You may see a red light here which allows left turning cars to cross in front of you. For more information on Continuous Intersections visit: http://www.udot.utah.gov/cfi Flow Two-Point Turns and Three-Point Turns Two-point turns and three-point turns are maneuvers that can be used when it is necessary to turn a vehicle around on a roadway and there is not enough room available to complete a U-Turn. The procedure for making a two-point turn is as follows: 1. Signal a left turn 2. Complete a head check for traffic and pedestrians 3. Pull to the left into the driveway 4. Stop and shift into reverse 5. Complete a head check for traffic and pedestrians 6. Turn the steering wheel to the right 7. Back out of the driveway and into the proper lane 8. Stop, shift into gear, and move forward Traveling straight on a CFI Proceed as you normally would but watch for another light just past the intersection. It’s possible to encounter a red light here which allows left turning cars to cross in front of you. Making right turns on a CFI Be sure to yield to traffic, cyclists, and pedestrians. Make your turn, merge with traffic and keep going. 10 The procedure for making a three-point turn is as follows: 1. Signal right 2. Complete a head check for traffic and pedestrians 3. Pull over to the right side of the roadway 4. Signal left 5. Complete a head check for traffic and pedestrians 6. Pull to the left over the oncoming travel lane 7. Stop and shift into reverse 8. Complete a head check for traffic and pedestrians 9. Turn the wheels to the right and back slowly across the roadway
Slide 17: 10. Stop and shift into forward gear 11. Complete a head check for traffic and pedestrians 12. Pull forward into the travel lane Changing Lanes Many drivers feel that using only their mirrors to check for other traffic is adequate for changing lanes. The illustration below shows some “blind spots” which cannot be seen when using your mirrors. Drivers who fail to check these areas by looking over their shoulders cause many crashes. U-Turns You must never make a U-turn: • On any curve. • Near the top of a hill where you cannot see or be seen from both directions for 500 feet. • Where prohibited by an official traffic control device. Each city has its own law concerning U-turns. Be sure you know the specific law of the city in which you are driving. A U-turn should only be made on a street or highway which is sufficiently wide enough to allow a turn to be made from the left hand lane or just right of the center line or center of the street. 1 On a multi-lane 2 On a multi-lane 3 On a Two-lane To help avoid crashes caused by dangerous lane changes, we suggest that you practice the following simple rules: 1. Glance in your rearview mirrors. Be certain that no one is preparing to pass you. 2. Look over your shoulder in the direction you want to move. Be sure no one is near the left or right rear corners of your vehicle. These areas are “blind spots.” To see the “blind spots,” you have to turn your head and look. 3. Check quickly. Do not take your eyes off of the road ahead of you for more than an instant. The vehicle ahead of you could stop suddenly while you are checking over your shoulder. 4. Drive defensively by making sure your lane change can be completed safely. Be aware of the movements of all vehicles around you. 5. Whenever possible, maintain your speed when changing lanes. A driver who frequently speeds up or slows down creates a dangerous situation for all drivers on the road. 6. Try to help those drivers who check only their mirrors when they change lanes. One way to do that is to avoid driving in their “blind spots.” Two Way Road with Shared Turn Lane Two Way Road Two Way Road without Lane Markings 4 On a Two-Lane 5 At Intersections OVERTAKING AND PASSING If you desire to pass another vehicle, do it safely and follow these suggestions: 1. Maintain a proper following distance as you approach the vehicle you intend to pass. A way to determine the proper following distance is to use the “two second rule” which means it should take your car at least two seconds to reach the spot that the car ahead of you just passed. You may need to give yourself a “four second or more” cushion if you are driving on slippery roads, following a motorcycle, pulling a trailer, or following large vehicles. 2. Give proper signals. 3. Change lanes carefully. Do not forget to check your blind spots. If you are driving on a two-lane highway, do not start to pass if you cannot return to your side of the road safely. 11 Two Way Road
Slide 18: NOTE: When passing, move completely into the left lane. 4. After passing and before returning to the proper lane, check your blind spot again. Make sure there is plenty of room between you and the car you have just passed. Avoid cutting in too quickly. A good rule is to wait until the vehicle you have just passed can be seen in your inside rearview mirror. On a highway with two-way traffic, get back to the right-hand side of the road before coming within 200 feet of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction. You must yield the left lane on a multiple lane highway to vehicles approaching you from the rear. DO NOT PASS 5. When another car is approaching Another car which has stopped at a crosswalk 6. There are only two times when you may pass to the right of another vehicle. They are shown in the illustrations at the top of the next column. Remember, it is illegal to leave the roadway when passing on the right. On hills On curves On a two-lane road when the vehicle you are passing is about to turn left On a highway with at least two lanes of traffic moving in the same direction When school bus lights are flashing When approaching any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel At all other times you must pass to the left. The following illustrations show situations when you may not pass. DO NOT PASS OR CHANGE LANES Over double yellow lines When solid yellow line is in your lane When approaching or while crossing a railroad crossing When approaching within 100 feet of crossing an intersection 12
Slide 19: DO NOT PASS If you are in an intersection and want to turn left, you must yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction. After yielding, you may turn left if it is safe to do so. In the situation shown below, car B must yield to car A. In the two-way left turn lane (shared turn lane) MERGING AND GORE AREA If you are merging into a lane of traffic, you must yield the right-of-way to all vehicles traveling the continuing lane of traffic and which are close enough to be an immediate threat. It is against the law to cross over or to drive in the “gore area.” The gore area is between the white solid lines of a lane of traffic and a lane used to either enter or exit from that traffic lane. The gore area can also appear when two highways merge or split. Do not cross over the solid white lines. COURTESY IS THE KEY TO SAFETY You must yield to vehicles from a different roadway if your corner is controlled by stop signs, yield signs, or red lights. In the illustration at top of next page, car A must yield to car B since the corner for car A is controlled by a stop sign. RIGHT-OF-WAY The other driver may be required to yield the right-ofway to you, but do not let your life depend on it. It is more important to avoid crashes than to insist on your right-of-way. The following are some rules to follow which will help you avoid a crash and could possibly save your life or the lives of others. Intersections If you arrive at an intersection at approximately the same time as vehicles from different directions, the driver on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right. For example, the intersection in the illustration below is controlled by four stop signs. Car A yields to car B because car B is on the right. Emergency Vehicles When police cars, fire engines, ambulances, or other emergency vehicles approach using sirens, emergency lights, or other warning devices, you MUST YIELD the right-of-way. DRIVE AT ONCE TO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE ROAD AND STOP until the emergency vehicle has passed. Unless you are on official business, do not follow within 500 feet of any fire vehicle responding to an alarm. You may not drive or park on the same block where the fire vehicle has stopped to answer an alarm. NOTE: When approaching a stationary emergency vehicle with flashing lights, you must reduce your speed, provide as much space as practical to the emergency vehicle, and if practical and it is safe to do so, make a lane change into a lane away from the emergency vehicle. 13
Slide 20: a. b. c. Pedestrians If a pedestrian is crossing the street in a “marked” or “unmarked” crosswalk, you must yield the right-of-way to the pedestrian when the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway upon which your vehicle is traveling. Drivers must also yield when a pedestrian approaching from the opposite side of the roadway is close to the center of the roadway. In addition, any vehicle crossing a sidewalk must yield to all traffic on the sidewalk. In the illustration at the top of the next column, the area from where sidewalk “A” ends and sidewalk “B” begins is a legal crosswalk, even though there are no painted lines. For this reason, it is called an “unmarked crosswalk.” d. Traveling on a divided highway having four or more lanes with a median separating the traffic, it is only necessary for the vehicles traveling in both lanes behind the school bus to stop, and not the traffic traveling in the opposite direction. Traveling on a two-lane roadway, traffic in both directions is required to stop. Traveling on a four-lane roadway without a median, traffic in both directions is required to stop. Traveling on a highway having five or more lanes and having a shared center turn lane, it is only required for the vehicle in both lanes behind the school bus to come to a complete stop. Vehicles traveling in the opposite direction are not legally required to stop. It is important to note that although you may not be required by law to stop when you see a stopped school bus, you should be aware that students will be getting on and off the bus. Children are unpredictable and could run into the road at any time. Use caution as you are driving near school buses and adjust your speed accordingly. NOTE: School bus drivers may report vehicles that improperly pass school buses. The report may be forwarded to the local law enforcement agency for investigation. Fines range from $100 to $500; and remember; a conviction for passing a school bus illegally usually means an increase in insurance rates. STOPPING Many people seem to feel that a “rolling stop” is adequate when they are required to stop. The following situations are times when you must make a complete stop: 1. At a steady (non-flashing) red light or at a flashing red light. 2. At all stop signs. 3. At railroad crossings controlled by flashing signals, gates, a watchman, or stop signs. Stop more than 15 feet (but not more than 50 feet) away from the nearest rail until it is safe to continue. If there is a gate, wait for it to be raised. 4. If a school bus is displaying alternating flashing red light signals visible from the front or rear, and you are: 5. 6. 7. At the scene of any crash in which you may be involved as a driver. You must meet all legal requirements before you may leave the crash scene. When a police or other peace officer requests you to stop. You must stop prior to a sidewalk area, or street, when coming onto a street or highway from an alley, private driveway, private road, or from a building. PARKING In the interest of public safety, there are several places where you are not allowed to park. These places include: 14
Slide 21: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. On a sidewalk. In front of a public or private driveway. In an intersection. Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant. On a crosswalk. Within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection. Within 30 feet of any flashing beacon, stop sign, yield sign, or traffic control signal. In an area which is posted for pedestrian use or within 30 feet of the edges of that area. On any railroad tracks or within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing. Within 20 feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station. Also, if signs are posted, you may not park on the opposite side of the road if you are within 75 feet of the fire station entrance. Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping or parking would block traffic. On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street (this means that you cannot double park). On any bridge or other elevated highway structure or in a highway tunnel. At any place where official signs prohibit stopping. On the shoulder of any interstate highway. These areas may be used only if your vehicle breaks down or you are in physical distress. Red painted curbs or red zones. 5. 6. If you are parked outside a business or residential area, your vehicle must be clearly seen from 200 feet in each direction. A courteous driver never parks too close to another car. Parking too close to another car could result in damage to your car. PARALLEL PARKING Many drivers avoid parallel parking or parking on a hill. You can increase your driving abilities and convenience by learning those skills. PARKING ON A HILL 1. If you are parking uphill beside a curb, turn your front wheels away from the curb and let your car roll back so that the front tire touches the curb. HIGHWAY WORK ZONES Highway work zones are those portions of a street or highway where construction, maintenance or utility work is being done to the road, its shoulders, or any other items related to the roadway. This includes work such as underground and overhead utility work, tree trimming, and surveying activities. Highway work zones are easily recognized by the presence of orange signing and other orange traffic control devices, flashing lights on equipment, and workers dressed in highly visible clothing. Each year nearly a thousand people are killed and thousands are injured as a result of crashes in highway work zones. Some of these are highway workers, flaggers, or law enforcement officials. However, over 80% of the fatalities and injuries are suffered by drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Many of these work zone crashes are preventable. Highway workers are trained on how to set up safe work zones with directional traffic signs and devices. Motorists and pedestrians are responsible for knowing how to read and react to these directions. Paying attention, and driving cautiously and courteously are the most important steps in preventing crashes while driving through highway work zones. NOTE: Double Fines: The courts are required to fine a driver who speeds in a highway construction zone at least twice the amount of the regular fine for speeding. 15 2. 3. 4. Never leave your vehicle until you have set the emergency brake, stopped the motor, removed the ignition key, and locked the doors. Pull as far off the road as reasonable to park. If parking next to a curb, the back wheel of your car must be no further than 12 inches away from the curb. If your parking would block the flow of traffic, find another place to park.
Slide 22: Driving Tips Signing, traffic control devices, roadway markings, flaggers, and law enforcement officers are used to protect highway workers and direct drivers safely through work zones or along carefully marked detours. In many work zone situations, normal speed limits may be reduced for safety reasons. These reduced speed limits are clearly posted within the work zone. If there are no reduced speed limit postings, drivers should obey the normal posted speed limit, but continue to be alert and prepared for the unexpected. When you travel through a work zone, remember these three tips: • Adjust your speed to conditions. • Adjust your lane position away from workers and equipment. • Prepare for the unexpected. Because of their traveling speed and size, construction and repair equipment can present an unusual condition to motorists and pedestrians. It is important to note that equipment operators do not have the same ability to see around their vehicles as most drivers do. This makes it important for drivers and pedestrians to give them extra room and be prepared for the unexpected. Night Work Zones More and more roadway work is being completed after dark. In many situations, night work is the better alternative to restricting daytime use of the roadway, primarily to relieve traffic congestion for motorists. The hazards of driving through highway work zones are increased at night. Use extreme caution when driving through night work zones. Flaggers Instructions Flaggers and law enforcement officers are often used to give specific directions in work zones. Drivers should slow down and use extreme caution when approaching a flagger or officer. Follow all directions given by the flagger or officer. Work Zone Traffic Control Devices Highway work zones are set up according to the type of road and the work to be done on the road. Various traffic control devices are used in construction, maintenance and work areas to direct drivers and pedestrians safely through or around the work zone and provide for the safety of the highway workers. The most commonly used traffic control devices are signs, barricades, drums, cones, tubes, and flashing arrow panels. The basic color used for most of these devices is orange. Road Work Signs Construction signs are used to notify drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions on or near the traveled way. All temporary signs in work zones have an orange background and black letters or symbols. Most of these signs are diamond shaped, although some are rectangular. 16
Slide 23: CHAPTER 4 TRAFFIC SIGNS, SIGNALS AND ROAD MARKINGS The use of signs, signals and pavement markings is an effective method of indicating right-of-way, direction of flow, and warnings of dangerous conditions. SIGNS In this country, widespread changes in highway and street traffic signs have occurred which affect every motorist and pedestrian. The United States has adopted an international-type system of traffic control devices which uses pictures rather than written messages. Understanding these signs is required for you to take advantage of necessary road information. All signs in Utah are placed in accordance with the manual on uniform traffic control devices. Some International Signs Below are some examples of the various types of signs used on the streets and highways of Utah. Being familiar with them and knowing what they mean can help you be a safer driver. STOP SIGNS The STOP sign is the only 8-sided traffic sign. It means that you must COME TO A COMPLETE STOP before entering the intersection ahead and yield to traffic close enough to be an immediate hazard. If there is a crosswalk, stop BEFORE entering the crosswalk. Color and Shape of Signs If you can readily recognize the general type of a sign, you will be a better-prepared driver. One indication of the meaning of an upcoming sign is its color. Some of the colors used on traffic signs are: 1. Red - can mean two things. It can indicate times when you must stop and it can also show times when certain traffic movements are not allowed. 2. Black on White - used for signs involving specific traffic laws. Speed limits and parking signs are good examples of how this regulatory color combination is used. 3. Yellow - indicates conditions under which extra caution must be used. 4. Orange - for highway construction and maintenance. Workers are usually present. Be alert and expect delays and possible sudden stops. 5. Blue - indicates services available. 6. Brown - indicates state or federal parks. 7. Green - indicates guidance such as exits or business loops. The shape of a sign is another valuable aid for the attentive driver. Learn what the following signs are by their shape. REGULATORY SIGNS Regulatory signs are used to control the movement and flow of traffic. 17
Slide 24: School Warnings School signs are located near schools for a good reason. Children are often not careful around traffic and do not understand the dangers of moving vehicles. These signs can help you avoid a possible tragic situation. Do not forget, the school speed law is 20 mph. All animal-drawn vehicles and all vehicles designed for operation at 25 mph or less. Must display the standard triangular ”Slow Moving Vehicle” emblem. This sign is displayed on the rear of all pedestrian vehicles. Warning Signs Railroad Warnings Railroad Advance Crossing Construction Signs There are three types of barricades. Those with one or two bars indicate a hazard in the road and will indicate the direction you should go to avoid the hazard. Barricades with three bars (as shown in the illustration on top of next page) indicate the road is closed and the stripes indicate the direction you should go. 18
Slide 25: Route Markers The illustrations below depict signs which you will see often. They are used to indicate the route on which you are traveling and routes that connect with the highway on which you are driving. (If the stripes slant down to the right, go to the right If the stripes slant to the left, go to the left ) Drivers must comply with official hand signal devices (flags, stop-and-go paddles, etc.) displayed by adult flag persons wearing appropriate uniforms and badges or insignia. NOTE: Vandalism and destruction of road signs cost taxpayers thousands of dollars each year and cause confusion and unsafe conditions for you and other travelers. TRAFFIC SIGNALS Traffic signals are placed at intersections where the volume of intersecting traffic is high. Their purpose is to promote the orderly flow of traffic by assigning rightof-way and to reduce crashes. Remember, traffic signals are effective only when drivers are alert and attentive to their driving. A traffic signal preemption device is an instrument or mechanism designed to interfere with the operation or cycle of a traffic signal. You may not use or possess a preemption device. You may not alter, deface, damage, knock down, or remove any official trafficcontrol device, official traffic-monitoring device, or official railroad traffic-control device. Protected/Permitted Signals A driver turning left may see either the green arrow (protected), or the solid green light (permitted) signal. Below are six additional construction signs you may see while driving along our streets and highways. Services A few of the most frequently seen signs indicating services available are shown below. Mileposts Mileposts are erected along most state highways to assist you in pinpointing your location, to provide a means of identifying the location of accidents and other emergency situations and to aid in highway maintenance and servicing. Zero mileage begins at the south and west state boundaries or at junctions where routes begin. The mileage numbers increase as you travel north and east. Solid Green - Treat the same as any other intersection. Turn left if there are no oncoming cars. The left arrow will not always come on. Solid Yellow - If you are in the intersection making a left turn when the yellow light appears, proceed as soon as traffic allows and it is safe. Yellow Arrow - Vehicles making left turns should clear the intersection. The protected phase is about to end. Green Arrow & Solid Red - Vehicles turning left have the right-of-way and may make a “protected” turn. Do not go straight. 19
Slide 26: Green Arrow & Solid Green - Left turn is “protected.” Vehicles moving straight and turning right may proceed. RED ARROW LIGHT Right turns are prohibited. You must stop and remain stopped until an indication to proceed is shown. Special Situations at Traffic Lights Regardless of what the traffic lights may indicate, you must always obey the instructions of a police or other peace officer at an intersection. For example, if the light is green and an officer tells you to stop, YOU MUST STOP. Also, even if you want to go straight and an officer indicates that you must turn, you are required to turn. If you approach an intersection at which the traffic lights are not working, you must first COME TO A COMPLETE STOP before entering the intersection and yield the right-of-way to any vehicle on the right unless otherwise directed by a peace officer. NOTE: “Not working,” means that the traffic lights do not light up. PAVEMENT MARKINGS Pavement markings are useful aids to the driver. They must be understood if you are to drive legally and safely. Stop Lines and Crosswalks Stop lines and crosswalks are shown with white lines. The illustration below shows these markings and where you must stop in various situations. RED You must bring your vehicle to a stop at a clearly marked stop line, at the nearest crosswalk or before entering the intersection. Remain stopped until the light turns green. You may make a right turn on a red light after coming to a FULL AND COMPLETE STOP, unless posted otherwise. YELLOW Clear the intersection. It is an indication that the light is about to turn red. GREEN Proceed if the intersection is clear. Yield to pedestrians and vehicles that are still in the intersection at the time of the light change. GREEN ARROW LIGHT Vehicles may proceed only in the direction of the arrow after yielding to vehicles and pedestrians still in the intersection at the time of the light change. FLASHING RED COME TO A COMPLETE STOP! Look both ways, yield to traffic and pedestrians and proceed when it is safe to do so. FLASHING YELLOW Reduce your speed, exercise caution at the intersection and proceed through the intersection at a reduced speed. 20 After stopping at the stop line, you may need to slowly move your vehicle forward to a position which provides clear vision in both directions before entering the intersection. Color of Pavement Markings The color of lane markings will give you an indication of what type of traffic you can expect to have on the roadway on which you are traveling.
Slide 27: Multi-Lane One-Way NOTE: In the above three illustrations, there is a white line painted on each side of the road. The area to the right of these lines is not meant for normal traffic use. The single broken line, as shown below, means that traffic going in both directions may pass, but only if it is safe to do so. Lanes of traffic going in the same direction are divided with WHITE lane dividers. Examples would be multilane and one-way streets. Two-Lane Two-Way Road Two-Way Painted Islands The solid double yellow median is a pavement marking that does not designate a lane. These markings show a painted island. DO NOT DRIVE OR STOP IN THIS AREA FOR ANY REASON. Lanes of traffic going in opposite directions are divided with YELLOW lane dividers Pavement Markings to Regulate Passing Remember, in both of the below illustrated situations, you may NEVER CROSS A SOLID YELLOW LINE to pass. Pavement Markings Indicating Turn Lanes The two illustrations shown below are examples of how pavement markings are used to indicate turn lanes. The picture on the left shows typical left and right turn lanes. Notice the use of painted arrows to show which way traffic may travel. The picture on the right shows a special purpose left turn lane. It is reserved for vehicles turning left off of or onto the roadway. You may not use this lane for passing or extended travel. When making a left turn from the two way left turn lane, you may not enter the lane more than 500 ft. prior to making the turn, unless the last car is more than 500 feet from the intersection. Multi-Lane Two-Way Road Two-Lane Two-Way Road In the illustration below, vehicles in the bottom lane may pass because there is a broken line in their lane. However, vehicles traveling in the top lane may not pass because the solid yellow line is in that lane. Two-Lane Two-Way Road 21
Slide 28: CHAPTER 5 BASIC DRIVING SKILLS As a driver, you must always be alert and use good driving habits. A national study revealed that driver error is a factor in 75% of all car crashes. You might be surprised to know that in Utah, the time of day when most crashes happen is between 2 P.M. and 6 P.M. Even though Utah has many roads and highways, the highest rate of reported car crashes occur in shopping and business areas. When you are driving, it is very important to pay attention to the road and other cars and objects around you. You never know when something unexpected is going to happen. In America, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for ages 1 to 24 years of age. Just knowing the rules of the road is not enough. You need to develop special skills for special situations. One skill that is useful in all situations, however, is defensive driving. Defensive driving involves looking out for possible crashes and mistakes other drivers may make. It is important to learn how to be aware of everything that happens around you. Over half the drivers killed in two-car crashes in Utah were not at fault. A lot of people think that crashes happen only to the other guy. Remember that one person in four will be in some type of crash in the next four years. There are ways to reduce your chances of being that person. Studies show your chances of being in a crash will be much less if you take a defensive driving course. Even a defensive driver needs to have some special skills. These skills include freeway driving, night driving and emergency measures. FREEWAY DRIVING A freeway gets us where we are going faster and safer than ever before. However, freeway driving is a skill in itself. People drive faster and conditions are not the same as in normal driving. We suggest some “DO NOTS” for freeway driving. 1. Do Not Tailgate - You must remain at a proper following distance and allow enough space in front of your vehicle to let any other vehicle safely enter and occupy that space. You should always remain at least two seconds in following distance behind the vehicle ahead of you. Under adverse conditions, the time needs to be increased. 2. Do Not Make U-Turns on the Freeway - It is illegal. 3. Do Not Drive in the Emergency Lane - The area of the freeway on the outside of the solid white line is for emergency use only. It is illegal to pass another vehicle or to stop to pick up passengers in this lane. 4. Do Not Insist on Going the Minimum Speed Limit During Bad Weather - The minimum speed limit on the freeway is 45 mph. However, you must always consider the road conditions. You will not get a ticket for going under 45 mph in 22 5. a blinding snow storm, but you would get a ticket for going over 45 mph if the conditions are unsafe. Do Not Drive So Slowly That You Block Traffic - Slow driving is not always safe driving. If your speed is so slow that cars are piling up behind your car, you are unsafe, discourteous, and breaking the law. In general, you should drive at a speed similar to that which the other cars around you are driving. However, you may not legally drive faster than the posted speed limit. This also applies to getting off the freeway. There is a lane which is part of the exit ramp and which is meant for slowing down. You should not start slowing down while still in freeway traffic. NOTE: You can be issued a citation for impeding traffic if a vehicle is following behind you in the left lane of travel on a multi lane highway and you do not change lanes and allow for the other vehicle to pass. 6. 7. Do Not Use an Entrance Ramp to Exit the Freeway - It is illegal, even in a traffic jam. Do Not Insist on the Right-of-Way - Don’t let getting onto the freeway be a battle to the death. It doesn’t have to be that way. If you are on the freeway and can safely allow a car on the entrance ramp to enter traffic in front of you, do it. Common courtesy is not a painful experience. If you are entering a freeway, you should: • Look for an opening while you are on the entrance ramp. • Speed up to freeway speed while you are in the acceleration lane. • Merge into the right-hand lane without disrupting the flow of traffic on the freeway. Do not force yourself into traffic. You must wait until it is safe to enter the traffic flow on the freeway. • Do not cross over the solid white line to enter a traffic lane. 8. Do Not Pass Unless it is Safe - Drivers who force their way back and forth in traffic and do not signal or look where they are going are a danger not only to themselves, but to other drivers as well. To pass safely you should:
Slide 29: • • • • Change lanes only to pass, get off the freeway, or to enter the correct lane for an upcoming route separation in the freeway. Never force your way between cars. If everyone maintained a safe following distance, our freeways would run more smoothly. Signal for two seconds before you change lanes. Always check your blind spots before starting to move into another lane. off when you enter the freeway and find that traffic is moving quicker and smoother through areas where you previously experienced “stop-and-go” driving because of the number of vehicles trying to enter the freeway at the same time. If you travel only 3 to 5 miles on the freeway, it is possible that taking surface streets rather than the freeway will actually take less time, even if you do have to stop at some intersections. 9. Do Not Drive in the Left Lane - The left lane on freeways is for passing only, unless there is heavy traffic. If another vehicle wants to pass you, you must move safely to the right, and you may not increase your speed until the other vehicle has passed you. RAMP METERING WHY? The population growth in Utah has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles using our freeways. The result has been more frequent congestion and unpredictable travel times on our freeways. RAMP METERS help prevent slowdowns and “stop-and-go” conditions that freeway travelers frequently encounter at certain times of the day. There are currently some ramp meters along the Wasatch Front. What are Ramp Meters? Ramp meters look almost like traffic signals you see at intersections, except they have only red and green lights. Ramp meters are placed on freeway on-ramps and allow only one (unless posted differently) vehicle to pass each time the green light comes on. How Does Ramp Metering Help? Ramp metering occurs only when many vehicles are attempting to enter the freeway. A lighted “METER ON” sign at the entrance to an on-ramp will indicate when ramp metering is in effect. If the “METER ON” sign is not illuminated, drivers are allowed to enter the freeway as usual. Because the “METER ON” sign is at the entrance to a freeway on-ramp, drivers will be able to decide whether to enter the on-ramp or take an alternate route and avoid having to stop for the ramp meter. The ramp meter alternates between red and green every few seconds, allowing one (unless posted differently) vehicle to enter the freeway for each green light. If the line of vehicles waiting to enter the freeway gets too long, the ramp meter will automatically allow vehicles to enter the freeway more frequently. What are the Benefits? Waiting on the on-ramp may take a few extra minutes, but that wait will usually pay 23
Slide 30: Utah’s Express Lanes/High-Occupancy Vehicle Lane (HOV) Utah’s Express Lanes/HOV will entail 38 miles of I-15 from 600 North in Salt Lake City to University Parkway in Orem. A limited number of drivers will be allowed to use the carpool lanes without any passengers for a monthly fee. A motorcycle, a bus, or a vehicle with two or more occupants may travel in the carpool lane without the monthly fee. The Express Lanes will be marked with two eight-inch white lines separated by eight inches of space, offering a two-foot buffer zone between the Express Lanes and the General Purpose lanes. Because it is illegal to cross a double white line, permissive movements in and out of the carpool lane will no longer be allowed except in 19 specific locations that will have white dotted striping rather than the solid lines. For more information on Utah’s Express Lanes, please go to www.dot.utah.gov. If a power outage occurs, the single point urban interchange is not handled the same way as a four-way stop. It is important to proceed with extreme caution and courtesy. Most single point urban interchanges will be supported by battery back-up. However, if a situation occurs where there is not a battery back-up, an officer will be dispatched to the scene for the purpose of traffic control as soon as possible. Single Point Urban Interchange Single point urban interchanges are becoming more common in the construction of freeway interchanges today. It is a type of interchange that is located either above or underneath the freeway and is designed in such a way that the intersecting off-ramps and onramps are diagonally adjacent to each other. These interchanges can be confusing. However, there are some things that may help drivers when passing through a single point urban interchange. Dash lines have been added to these interchanges in an effort to guide drivers into the proper lanes. There are also “wrong way” signs placed on the off-ramps and onramps to help drivers avoid entering a ramp against traffic. It is legal to make a U-turn from the off-ramp at a single point urban interchange and re-enter the freeway, as long as you are facing a green arrow at the time you begin the maneuver. When you re-enter the freeway on the on-ramp, you will be facing a red arrow. The red arrow is intended for the traffic adjacent to the light. Do not stop your vehicle in the middle of the intersection; complete the maneuver once it is initiated. 24 NIGHT DRIVING When you drive at night, you are in an entirely new environment. It is easy to become disoriented because you no longer can use trees, houses or other objects to help judge your location or distances. Glaring headlights also hinder your judgment. Bicyclists and pedestrians may dart in front of your car without warning. You are more likely to become sleepy and cause a crash. For these and other reasons, night driving is an important skill you should develop. The following are some rules everyone should follow: 1. If a car is coming toward you, dim your lights before you get within 500 feet of the oncoming car. If you are following a car, dim your lights when you are within 300 feet of the vehicle ahead of you. 2. Use your lights any time conditions keep you from seeing 1,000 feet ahead. These conditions include fog, stormy weather or dust. 3. Turn on your headlights no later than half an hour after sunset and keep them on until half an hour before sunrise. 4. If another driver does not dim his/her lights, dim yours anyway. Blinding the other driver to “get even” only results in two drivers not being able to see. If you do not look at the lights of the oncoming car, you should be able to maintain proper control of your vehicle and be able to continue your driving without mishap. 5. It is wise to slow down a little at night. The law requires that you drive at a “reasonable and prudent” speed. That means, especially at night, if you drive the posted speed limit, it may be too fast. 6. Be sure that you can stop within the distance that is lighted by your headlights. 7. Do not drive at night with a dirty, foggy, or icy windshield. Although not safe at any time, windshields that are not clear at night will cause headlights and other lights to glare, which may result in the driver being blinded.
Slide 31: 8. 9. You should check all of your lights often to see whether any of the lights or signals are not functioning properly. A person younger than 17 years of age, whether resident or nonresident of this state, may not operate a motor vehicle upon any highway of this state between the hours of 12:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. unless one of the following exceptions applies: a. the driver is accompanied by a licensed driver at least 21 years of age who is occupying a seat next to the driver; b. driving is in connection with a driver’s employment, including the trip to and from the the driver’s driver’s residence and employment; c. the driver drives to the driver’s residence from a driver’s school-sponsored activity if: transportation to the activity is provided by a school or school district, and the provided transportation commences from and returns to the school property where the driver is enrolled. d. The driver is on assignment of a farmer or rancher and the driver is engaged in an agricultural operation; or e. In an emergency. Some warning signs you may experience that signify drowsiness while driving are: 1. You can't remember the last few miles driven. 2. You hit a rumble strip or drift from your lane. 3. You keep pulling your vehicle back into the lane. 4. Your thoughts are wandering and disconnected. 5. You yawn repeatedly. 6. You have difficulty focusing or keeping your eyes open and your head up. 7. You tailgate or miss traffic signs. 8. You have narrowly missed crashing. NOTE: If you feel tired the best decision is to find a safe place to stop and get some sleep for at least twenty (20) minutes, no matter the time of day especially if all passengers in the vehicle are sleeping. EMERGENCY MEASURES If you think about emergencies and plan for them before they happen, you will be less likely to panic and will know what to do if they do occur. NOTE: Motorists have been seriously injured or even killed when attending to vehicle malfunctions such as flat tires, out of gas and other equipment problems on and off of roadways. However, the majority of these incidents are preventable. In an effort to minimize death or injury the following simple rules for the road should be followed. Please ensure that your vehicle is properly maintained, including the internal engine components. Maintain adequate tire pressure and tread. Be sure your vehicle has a sufficient amount of fuel. If you do experience a vehicle malfunction, please pull off the road as far as possible or exit the freeway completely if possible. A shredded tire or bent rim is better than putting your life in danger. If you are off to the side of the road and need help, please stay in your vehicle as much as possible and keep walking on the road to a minimum. This opens the door of opportunity for injury or even death. Use your cell phone to call the local dispatch if you need assistance. If you do not have access to a cell phone, please leave the hood of your car up and your hazard lights on. This will advise the traveling public that you need assistance. Inform family members or other persons when to expect you at your destination. Have an emergency kit in the trunk of your vehicle with blankets, extra food and water, to sustain you and your family. Tire Blowout Do not slam on the brakes. Let your car roll so that you can steer more easily. Hold the wheel tightly and slowly apply your brakes. 25 STAYING AWAKE / NO DROWSY DRIVING When you are tired, your ability to drive is affected. You will probably not be able to make decisions as quickly, your reaction time will be increased and you may become upset more easily. You may even fall asleep at the wheel. The following are some tips that may help you drive more safely at night: 1. Get a good night’s sleep before you start a trip at least seven (7) to nine (9) hours. 2. Do not take any medications that can make you sleepy. Medications taken the night before a trip can remain in your body and cause you to be less alert the next day. 3. Do not drive for long hours or distances - 300 to 400 miles a day is plenty. The time you save is not worth the risk of driving when your reaction time is slower and your power of concentration is less. 4. Try not to drive late at night. Your body is probably used to going to sleep at that time and your reaction time will become slower. Travel at times you are normally awake. 5. Take rest breaks regularly, even if you don’t feel tired. Let someone else drive part of the time. Stop for a bit of refreshment every 100 miles or every two hours of driving time. 6. Plan for stops in cities where you may stay for the night. 7. Shift your eyes from one part of the road to another. Try to enjoy the scenery without neglecting your driving. Look at objects near and far, left and right.
Slide 32: When you have slowed down enough, pull all the way off the road. Pick a level spot if possible, turn on your emergency flashers and change the tire. Brake Failure Try to get some brake pressure by pumping the brake pedal. Shift to a lower gear to help slow down the car. Try to slow down and stop by using your parking brake. If you still cannot stop and are going downhill, try to drive into heavy bushes, snow, or a sandbank. Skidding Most of us think of ice and sand when we think of skidding. Remember that skidding can also happen on roads that are wet. Your car may start to “hydroplane” at speeds over 35 mph. Hydroplaning occurs when your front tires start to ride on water instead of the road. As you go faster, the problem becomes worse and you will lose control of your steering. In Utah, we also have a special problem with “black ice.” Black ice is very difficult to see on the roadway and appears more like a wet spot than a patch of ice. Unfortunately, many crashes occur each year from skids caused by black ice. The best policy is to keep a skid from happening. Slow down to a speed at which you can control the car. If you do skid, slowly take your foot off the gas pedal. If your rear wheels skid to the right, turn your front wheels to the right. If the rear wheels skid to the left, turn left. Do not steer too far though, as that will make the car skid in the other direction. Do not slam on your brakes. Once your car regains traction, straighten out your wheels. Gas Pedal Sticks Put your car into neutral or push in the clutch. Pull off the road and turn off the engine. Steering Wheel Locking Device It is dangerous to turn your vehicle’s ignition to the lock position while it is in motion. If this happens and you try to turn the steering wheel, it will lock and you will lose control of the vehicle. Car Coming Towards You in Your Lane Honk your horn or blink your lights. The other driver may be asleep. If this does not work, swerve to the RIGHT, if possible. Avoid swerving into the oncoming lane or traffic. If the other driver wakes up, he/she will probably try to move the car back into the original lane of travel. If you are in that lane because you swerved the wrong direction, you may end up in a head-on collision. Distracting Situations Sometimes while driving you may drop something, lose a contact lens, be stung by a bee, or be distracted in some other way. Some people panic when something like this happens. They become more concerned with the problem than about their driving and often run off the road or into the car in front of them. Don’t let this happen to you. If you have a problem or there is a distraction, pull over to the side of the road immediately and then take care of the problem. NOTE: A New law effective May 12, 2009, prohibits the use of a handheld wireless communication device for text messaging or electronic mail communication while operating a moving motor vehicle on a highway in this state. Car Stalling on the Highway Turn on your emergency flashers immediately and move your car off the road as soon as you can. If your car is near a traffic lane or where it is hard to be seen, get everyone out and away from the car. If you have them, use flares to warn other drivers. (It is a good idea to always have flares in your trunk.) Headlight Failure Slow down and get off the road. Use your flares or other emergency warning devices to warn other drivers. Check the terminals on the battery to see if they are loose. NEVER drive at night without lights. 26 If You Need Help Pull to the side of the road, turn on your emergency flashers, raise your hood, and tie something white or orange on the antenna or left door handle. RAILROAD CROSSINGS As the number of driver’s increases, more and more people die at railroad crossings. In a car-train collision, the odds that those in the car will live are not very good. Learn what to do at railroad crossings so that you do not have a collision. Use extreme caution at all railroad crossings and remember:
Slide 33: • • • • • • • • • Always slow down when you come to a railroad crossing. Never pass a car that is going your direction at a railroad crossing. Do not park closer than 50 feet from a railroad crossing unless signs indicate that you may or it is allowed by local law. When you stop at a crossing, you must be between 15 and 50 feet from the nearest rail. Trains sound their horns as they approach a crossing; therefore, turning down the car radio is a good safety measure. Every railroad crossing should be taken seriously. At night, do not assume that a train is not coming just because you do not see any light. Slow down or stop and look before crossing the tracks. If lights are flashing, you must come to a complete stop. You may not proceed while the lights are flashing. After coming to a complete stop, if you suspect the flashing lights are not working properly, you may drive through the railroad crossing only if you have a clear line of sight of at least one mile down the tracks in both directions, there is not evidence of an approaching train, and you can cross the tracks safely. You may not drive through, around, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while they are down or being opened or closed. Pavement Markings A stop line, an “X” and the letters “RR” may be painted on the pavement in front of railroad crossings. These markings warn you to be aware of the crossing ahead and to pay particular attention to the possible approach of a train. Railroad Crossbuck Signs Crossbuck signs are found at all public crossings. If there are more than one set of tracks, a sign below the crossbuck indicates the number of tracks. Be prepared to stop at the tracks if a train is coming. You must yield to train traffic. Warning Devices Public railroad crossings have been marked with warning devices for your safety by highway departments and the railroad companies. Learn what the warning devices are and watch for them. With these warning devices and caution on your part, railroadcrossing crashes may never happen. Advance Warning Signs Advance warning signs are posted before you reach the crossing and tell you to slow down, look, listen, and be prepared to stop at the crossing ahead. Flashing Lights Flashing lights and bells are used with crossbuck signs at many railroad crossings. Always STOP when lights begin to flash or bells begin to ring, which means a train is coming. If there are more than one set of tracks, make sure all tracks are clear before starting to cross. 27
Slide 34: Gates Gates are used with flashing light signals at some railroad crossings. Stop when the lights begin to flash and before the gates begin to lower across your lane of traffic. Remain stopped until the gates are raised and the lights stop flashing. DO NOT DRIVE AROUND THE GATES. Notify local authorities immediately. If a train is coming, stay clear of the tracks and RUN TOWARD THE APPROACHING TRAIN at an angle away from the train. By moving in the direction of the approaching train, you will be less likely to be hit by flying debris. If no train is in sight, post lookouts and try to start or move the vehicle. Watch Out for Second Trains When the last car of a train passes the crossing, do not proceed until you are sure no train is coming on another track, especially from the other direction. Never Drive Around Gates If the gates are down, stay in place and do not cross the tracks until the gates are raised and the lights stop flashing. It is against the law to drive around gates. Never Race a Train Racing a train to the crossing is foolish. You will never have another chance if you lose. Special Vehicles 1. Motorcycles and Bicycles - Riders should approach a railroad crossing with caution. Do not swerve to get a better angle for crossing. 2. School Buses - Drivers are required to stop at all railroad crossings. The driver must check both directions and listen for approaching trains, proceed only when it is clearly safe to do so and never shift gears on the crossing. Trucks Carrying Hazardous Materials - Drivers are required to stop at all railroad crossings. Drivers should make a safe, gradual stop to minimize the possibility of causing a crash. Do not shift gears when crossing the tracks. When possible, reroute away from railroad crossings or use a crossing which utilizes flashing red lights and/or gates. Watch for Vehicles That Must Stop at Railroad Crossings Be prepared to stop when you are following buses or trucks which are required to stop at railroad crossings. Don’t Misjudge the Speed and Distance of the Train The large size of engines and trains make them appear to be moving much slower than they really are. If there is any doubt, stop and wait for the train to pass. At Night Be Especially Alert at Railroad Crossings Be sure you can stop within the distance illuminated by your headlights. Also be aware that lights on trains can malfunction and you might not see an approaching train until it is too late. Be Especially Careful and Reduce Speed for Obstructions Use common sense. If your view of the tracks is blocked, slow down and proceed with more caution than normal. LIGHT RAIL A light rail system is currently operating in Salt Lake City and is being expanded. Light rail cars receive power from overhead electric lines. Each car is approximately 88 feet long and weighs more than 88,000 pounds. Trains may be from one to four cars long. Light Rail cars accelerate very quickly. A light rail car can accelerate to 55 miles per hour in just 19 seconds. Most light rail trains will operate at 55 miles per hour within the railroad corridor. Trains will operate at 25 miles per hour on the streets in Salt Lake City. Do not pull in front of light rail trains or drive on the tracks in the Central Business District. 3. SAFETY TIPS FOR USING RAILROAD CROSSINGS Expect a Train on Any Track at Any Time Most trains do not run on a fixed schedule. Be cautious at a railroad crossing any time of the day or night. Don’t Get Trapped on a Railroad Crossing Don’t drive onto a railroad crossing until you are sure you can clear all the tracks safely. Once you have started across the tracks, keep going, even if you see a train coming. Do not shift gears while crossing tracks your car could stall. Get Out of Your Vehicle if it Stalls If your vehicle stalls on a crossing, immediately get everyone out of the car and off the tracks. 28
Slide 35: Once the flashing lights and crossing arms are activated at grade crossings, the trains will pass through intersections in just a matter of seconds. Crossing arms will be down for only 30 to 40 seconds as the light rail passes. Rail vehicles may use white lights in their traffic control signals. DO NOT TRY TO BEAT THE LIGHT RAIL TRAIN THROUGH A RAILROAD CROSSING. Typical Light Rail Signs that motorists who don’t see him/her in traffic constantly violate his/her right-of-way. It is vital for motorists to condition themselves to look for motorcyclist in traffic. The appearance of a motorcycle in traffic situations when the motorist is not prepared can lead to a hazardous situation. A University of Southern California (USC) study showed that motorists’ failure to detect and recognize motorcycles in traffic is the predominant cause of motorcycle crashes. The driver of the vehicle did not see the motorcycle before the collision, or did not see it until it was too late to avoid the crash. Motorcyclists are not difficult to see if the motorist expects to see them. “I didn’t see him,” usually results from not looking for a motorcyclist. Both the motorist and the motorcyclist can benefit from using a simple system to heighten awareness of potential problems while on the roadway. It’s known as SEE process and consists of the following steps: MOTORCYCLES Sharing The Roadway: Motorists & Motorcycles in Traffic Driving and Riding As vehicle patterns change, motorists are learning that other vehicles on the roadway are not operated in the same manner as an automobile. The motorcycle is obviously different from a car in size and handling. THE MOTORCYCLIST, for instance, uses his/her hands to operate throttle, clutch, front brake, as well as turn signals, light switches, and horn. In addition, the motorcyclist maintains steering control with his/her hands. THE MOTORIST, by comparison, uses his/her hands only to operate turn signals, light switches, horn, and steering wheel – and steering is frequently power assisted. THE MOTORCYCLIST is exposed to all the elements. The motorcyclist relies on all his/her senses, including touch, in operating the motorcycle. Clothing is dictated by this exposure: motorcycle helmet manufactured to meet Department of Transportation (DOT) standards, eye protection, over–the–ankle boots, full-fingered gloves, long sleeved jacket, and long pants all protect the rider. THE MOTORIST, by contrast, is protected by lots of steel in an enclosed compartment. Operation is within the vehicle, and insulated from traffic noises and weather. Four wheels and heavy weight offer stability. THE MOTORCYCLIST must add skills of balance and heightened awareness to the other skills necessary for safe vehicle operation. The motorcyclist must be more alert than the motorist because he/she is relatively inconspicuous in traffic. He/she must ride assuming S- Search for factors in the area. E- Evaluate the potential risks and options. E- Execute with control and precision. This process causes drivers to scan ahead for potential trouble spots. You learn not to fix your gaze on any one object for more than a moment. How and where to look for hazards will become automatic. Safer highway sharing will be the result. Attitude plays an important part in creating a safe highway environment. Sharing the roadway is a good indication that motorists and motorcyclist both recognize the importance of cooperation. By curbing aggressive behavior and operating the vehicles in accordance with common sense, courtesy, and the law, motorists and motorcyclists can rider together on the road. DRIVING AND RIDING Today’s motorcycle riders are friends, relatives, and neighbors. The motorcyclist has the same rights and responsibilities on the roadway as drivers of other vehicles. Motorists should recognize this and not attempt to crowd motorcycles or take the right-of-way from motorcyclists. Motorcyclists, on the other hand, must operate as responsible road users and not take unsafe advantage of the motorcycle’s narrow silhouette and maneuverability. 29
Slide 36: Most motorcycle headlights come on automatically when the engine is started. FOLLOWING DISTANCE Being able to judge distances accurately is one of the most important abilities any motorist or motorcyclist can have. Tailgating- of autos by motorcyclists, or motorcyclists by autos – is a hazardous, unwise practice. Insufficient stopping room and reduced ability to see conditions ahead may cause both riders and drivers to make incorrect decisions. This leads to crashes. THE MOTORIST can handle a tailgater in several ways. Flash the brake lights or pull off the road when conditions permit. Increasing your following distance from the vehicle in front of you will give you more time to react so you will not be forced to brake suddenly, nor cause the tailgater to do so as well. THE MOTORCYCLIST can choose any of these methods, but must also be conscious of riding in a position to discourage lane sharing. BOTH RIDE AND DRIVER should know what a safe following distance is, and how to maintain it under traffic conditions. Two-Second Following Distance THE MOTORIST must be careful not to misinterpret a rider’s intentions. You must remember that most motorcycle turn signals are not self-canceling like those of an automobile. The turn signals could be inadvertently left on even after a turn is completed. Be aware that a motorcyclist riding with his/her turn signal on is not always going to turn. LIGHTS AND SIGNALS Communication with other roadway users is an important part of vehicle operation. This is true for both motorists and motorcyclists. Hand signals are a fast-disappearing technique for communicating. Motorists should pay attention to the electric turn signals on motorcycles, and riders should heed the turn signals of the vehicle ahead. Two Seconds Using the two-second count is a simple way to establish a safe following distance on a clear, sunny day. The rider or driver should pick a fixed point (shadow, pavement marker, pole) ahead of the lead vehicle. Once the lead vehicle has passed the point, the motorist or motorcyclist should be able to count off two seconds (one-thousand, one-thousand two) before passing the reference point. Following distance establishes time and space in which to maneuver or respond. It is not enough space to stop. Therefore, following distance should be adjusted depending upon roadway conditions. Advantages of a safe following distance are: • Ability to be seen • Ability to see around and over other vehicles THE MOTORCYCLIST must use signals and lane position to communicate with other roadway users. Remember to cancel your signal after a turn so you do not confuse other drivers. You can use hand signals to augment the electric turn signal, especially if you are unsure others see the original signal. One means of making the motorcycle more visible in traffic is to use headlights during the daytime. Some states require headlight use at all times by law. 30
Slide 37: • Time and space to react to road-surface changes covered by preceding vehicles • Time and space to react to vehicles ahead THE MOTORCYCLIST can minimize the problem of blind spots by spending as little time as possible in the blind spot of an automobile. Take a position that offers maximum visibility of your motorcycle to other traffic. You should avoid riding too closely behind large trucks or cans. Like other motor vehicles, the motorcycle also has blind spots to the left and right. A mirror and a head check is required for motorcyclist making lane changes or turning. LANE POSITION Because of a motorcycle’s size, its position within a lane of traffic will change as traffic conditions change. THE MOTORCYCLIST should choose a position in the lane to be seen. This often means you will ride in the left portion of a traffic lane. This position gives him/her a better view of traffic and the road ahead, as well as making the motorcycle more visible to other traffic in most situations. INTERSECTIONS According to the USC study, intersections are the most likely place for motorcycle crashes to occur. For crashes involving a motorcycle and another the the vehicle, other vehicle violates motorcyclist’s right-of-way two-thirds of the time. THE MOTORIST should be prepared to yield the rightof-way to oncoming vehicles, including motorcycles. A motorcycle’s small size (which makes it difficult to spot in traffic) requires you, as a driver, to aggressively and consciously look for motorcycles in changing traffic situations. Determining the speed of an oncoming motorcycle in not easy. Whether it is a day or night, when you spot a motorcycle, make sure you have accurately judged its speed and distance. The small silhouette and lack of accurate reference scale can lead to misjudging the actual distance between the car and the motorcycle. Give the scene a second look-and your decision a second thought. THE MOTORCYCLIST should approach intersections with caution. Never assume the other vehicle drivers see you and will yield. Before riding thorough an intersection, check traffic from the right, left, rear, and front. Especially check oncoming traffic for vehicles that may be turning left. The USC study found that about 25 percent of all motorcycle crashes studied were the result of the other vehicle turning left across a motorcyclist’s path. As a motorcyclist, you should change position within your lane as needed to maximize distance from potential hazards. Lateral movements within a lane may be necessary at times to increase your chance of being seen. Avoid riding for any length of time in a driver’s blind spot. Experienced riders realize that the best position within a lane of traffic is dictated by the situation. THE MOTORIST should respect the vehicle space of a motorcycle and its position in traffic. Although there is often enough room, refrain from sharing a lane with a motorcyclist. The rider needs that space to maneuver for safety reasons. BLIND SPOTS The motorcycle, due to its relatively small size, is sometimes difficult to see. Coupled with the fact that all automobiles have blind spots to the left and right rear, problems can occur. This is especially true when motorists do not expect motorcycles to appear in the traffic stream. THE MOTORIST, in developing proper search patterns in traffic, should always be on the lookout for the unexpected. Expect to see motorcycles in traffic at any time. 31
Slide 38: PASSING AND BEING PASSED At intersections where vision is limited by buildings, parked vehicles, and shrubbery, traffic hazards may be obscured. The MOTORIST AND MOTORCYCLIST should slow down, check traffic and adjust position. The rules for passing other vehicles are similar for motorcycles. The most important considerations: Do the other vehicle operators see me? Do I have time and space to complete the maneuver safely? THE MOTORIST being overtaken by a motorcycle should maintain lane position and speed, allowing the motorcyclist to complete the pass and assume proper lane position quickly and safely as possible. When passing a motorcycle, allow a full lane to the motorcycle – never crowding the motorcycle in the same lane. Avoid returning to the original lane too early. You may cause the motorcyclist to swerve into traffic to avoid you, or you might force him/her off the road. Either way, it could cause a crash or injuries. Special problems arise at signal-controlled intersections. Drivers and riders should be aware that cross traffic may be going through the intersection on a yellow light. Also, oncoming motorists may try to make a quick left turn in front of other traffic. MOTORCYCLISTS should be aware that the home driveways present special hazards. Since automobiles are often backed out of driveways, the driver may have difficulty seeing an oncoming motorcycle. Make sure the drier sees you before you reach the driveway entrance. Also, slow down and be prepared to stop. Remember that alleys, parking lot corners, traffic circles, and highway entrance and exit ramps are also intersections. These require motorcyclists to exercise the same care used when approaching the more typical street intersections. THE MOTORCYCLIST should pass only when it is safe. Before passing, you should make sure your motorcycle is in the left portion of the lane at a safe following distance. Avoid crowding the automobile when passing. BOTH MOTORIST AND MOTORCYCLIST should avoid accelerating when being passed – this action is discourteous, improper, and hazardous. Both rider and driver should use mirrors and head checks of traffic to ensure that the passing maneuver can be accomplished safely. 32
Slide 39: ROAD HAZARDS Most drivers take for granted the ability of their automobile to handle minor road hazards such as potholes or railroad tracks. What are minor problems for the four-wheeled vehicles can be major problems for two-wheeled motorcycles. For motorcyclists, potholes, railroad tracks, oil slicks puddles, road debris, ruts, and other hazards may require sudden changes of lane opposition and direction. THE MOTORIST needs to be alert to how the motorcyclist “sets up” when encountering such hazards. You should expect the motorcyclist to make sudden changes in position and directions. Drive accordingly. THE MOTORCYCLIST can watch the movement vehicles ahead for clues to road hazards. Keep appropriate following distance so you have time react. If possible, you should try to go around obstacle rather than over it, and reduce speed needed before reaching it. of an to an as SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS People walking, jogging, riding bicycles, or operating pedestrian vehicles on the road can cause special problems for drivers. Besides being hard to see, they sometimes do the unexpected. As a driver, you must always have your car under control and be ready to react to any sudden action of others using the roadway. BICYCLES Bicycle riders on public streets and highways have the same rights and responsibilities as automobile drivers. Drivers of motor vehicles must treat bicycle riders the same as drivers of other vehicles. Bicyclists are not out of place on the roadway - they are part of the traffic and share the road with other drivers. They must obey stop signs, traffic lights, and most other traffic laws and signs. Special care must be used near bicyclists because any collision with them may result in serious injury. This means that automobile drivers must leave safe passing room and must not turn so close to a bicyclist that he/she is in danger of being hit. Although bicyclists will normally ride near the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, they can legally move left to turn left, to pass a vehicle or another bicycle, or to avoid debris or parked cars. Expect any of these moves by bicyclists in a regular traffic lane. The relatively small size of bicycles makes it difficult for drivers to see them in traffic. Parked cars or other roadside objects may limit the ability of both the bicyclist and the motorist to see each other. Drivers need to remember that a bicyclist is hampered by road hazards that may not be easily noticed by drivers of cars and trucks. Hazards that could cause problems for a bicyclist include potholes, glass, litter, storm grates and railroad crossings, as well as opened doors of parked vehicles. Any of these items could cause a bike rider to move into your path or to slow down. You should give bicyclists plenty of clearance on the street so they will have room to maneuver around these types of hazards. Utah law requires a minimum three (3) feet of distance from any bicyclist you are passing. Bicyclists must use reasonable care and keep a constant lookout for other vehicles in traffic. However, some bicyclists are less experienced than others, and their actions will be less predictable. Look for signs that may tell you when a bicyclist is inexperienced, such as whether the bicycle rider is riding in a smooth and straight manner or is weaving and wobbling. Children on bicycles can create some special problems. They cannot see things out of the corner of their eyes as well as adults can. Therefore, even though children glance toward you, they may not actually see you before they pull out in front of you. They also have trouble judging the speed and distance of oncoming cars and they lack a sense of danger. They believe that adults will look out for them. Be aware that their actions could be very unpredictable. 33 While the road surface is important to safe vehicle operation for drives, it is critical to motorcyclists. Sand, mud, and water force the motorcyclist to ride with extreme caution to avoid skidding or sliding. Even wet paint stripes can increase the likelihood of a skid. FOR THE MOTORCYCLIST, it is imperative to be aware of road conditions and give yourself plenty of time and space to react. FOR THE MOTORIST, it is imperative to be aware of how road conditions can affect motorcycle operation so you are not surprised by the rider’s actions. SHARING THE ROAD This driving attitude by both motorcyclists and other highway users will make our roadways safe place for all. Making this a reality requires MOTORISTS actively looking for and granting motorcyclists their space on the roadway coupled with MOTORCYCLISTS operating within the rules of the road. “Sharing the Roadway: Motorists & Motorcycles” courtesy of Motorcycle Safety Foundation.
Slide 40: Sharing the Road With Bicyclists Motorists should take the following precautions when sharing the road with bicyclists: 1. Do not drive in a bicycle lane except when making a turn, entering or leaving an alley, private road or driveway, or when you need to cross the bicycle lane to park near the curb. Do not park in a bicycle lane. Dedicated bicycle lanes are marked with solid white lines. 2. When changing lanes or making turns, check for bicyclists in your blind spot. 3. You must yield to bicycles in a bicycle lane or on a sidewalk prior to turning across the lane or sidewalk. 4. At intersections, you must yield to bicycle riders on the road, the same as for other types of vehicles. 5. Do not crowd bicyclists. When the lane is too narrow to pass a cyclist safely, wait until the next lane is clear and give the bicycle all the rights of any other slow moving vehicle. 6. Pass a bicycle in the same manner you would a car. The operator of a motor vehicle may not knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly operate a motor vehicle within three feet of a moving bicycle, unless the vehicle driver operates the motor vehicle within a reasonable and safe distance of the bicycle. 7. Dim your headlights within 500 feet when approaching or overtaking bicyclists at night. The bike rider could be blinded by the glare. 8. If parked at a curb, do not open a door on the traffic side of your vehicle without looking for other vehicles, including bicycles. 9. Do not honk or yell at a bicyclist except in an emergency. The loud noise could startle the bicycle rider and cause him/her to spill the bike. There may be good reason for the bicyclist to be riding in the travel lane, such as roadway hazards not clear to motorists. 10. BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL AROUND CHILDREN RIDING BICYCLES. 11. Be aware that riders cannot always hear approaching vehicles. Passing closely and rapidly can startle bicycle riders. 12. Over 39,000 bicyclists are killed or injured in the United States every year. Bicyclists have the same rights on the road as cars. Be cautious and courteous when you approach someone on a bicycle. 34 Riding Rules 1. Bicyclists must ride with the flow of traffic and as near to the right side of the road or street as is safe and practical. On a one-way street in a city, a bike rider may ride as near as possible to either the right or left side of the street or roadway. 2. There are some exceptions to the above rule, such as when a bicyclist is overtaking and passing another bicycle or vehicle or when a bicyclist is getting ready to make a left turn. A bike rider should ride in the middle of the traffic lane if the lane is too narrow to let a bicycle and vehicle travel side-by-side or if riding close to the edge of the roadway is unsafe because of parked vehicles, fixed or moving objects, animals, or road surface hazards. When lane width permits, bicyclists may ride two abreast. 3 When riding upon a sidewalk or in a crosswalk, bicyclists have all the rights and duties applicable to pedestrians under the same circumstances. When riding a bicycle on a sidewalk or crosswalk, bike riders must ride slowly, must yield the rightof-way to any pedestrian, and shall give an audible signal before overtaking and passing a pedestrian. 4. Individuals riding a bicycle may not attach it or themselves to any moving vehicle upon a street or highway. 5. A bicycle may not be used to carry more persons at one time than the number for which it is designed or equipped, except that an adult rider may carry a child securely attached to his/her person in a backpack or sling. There are trailers and child seats specifically designed for bicycles which provide good security for the children and would be less cumbersome for the rider. The Utah Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatricians STRONGLY recommends the use of approved bicycle carriers or trailers for young children when they ride with adults. It is recommended that all children and adults always wear a helmet when on a bicycle. The force of impact of a person’s head hitting the ground from a non-moving bicycle is 12 mph. 6. Bicycle riders may not carry any package, bundle, or article which prevents the use of both hands in the control and operation of the bicycle. Bicyclists MUST KEEP AT LEAST ONE HAND ON THE HANDLEBARS AT ALL TIMES. 7. Bicyclists must observe all laws concerning rightof-way and must not weave between cars (parked or moving). Turning Bicyclists must signal at any time when turning right or left or when changing lanes. Signals are to be given using the standard hand and arm signals. The signal shall be given for at least the last 100 feet before turning. A signal by hand and arm does not need to be given continuously if the hand is needed to
Slide 41: control or operate the bike. However, the bicyclist must let other drivers know what the bicyclist intends to do. The illustration on top of the next column shows the proper ways for bicyclists to make turns. Note: When turning left, a bike rider can either turn from the left lane or the left-turn lane, or can continue in the right lane across the intersection, stop, turn left, wait for the signal to turn green and then continue to travel with the normal flow of traffic. Equipment 1. Sirens - A bicycle must not be equipped with any siren or whistle. 2. Brakes - Every bicycle will be equipped with a brake or brake system which enables the rider to stop the bike within 25 feet from a speed of 10 mph. 3. Lights - Every bicycle used upon the streets and highways between the period one-half hour after sunset and one-half hour before sunrise must be equipped with a lamp on the front which emits a white light visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the front. • Each bicycle operated on the streets and highways during the period one-half hour after sunset and one-half hour before sunrise must also be equipped with a red reflector and red bicycle tail light which is visible for 500 feet to the rear when directly in front of lower beams of headlights on a motor vehicle. • Every bicycle, when used during the above period, must also be equipped with reflective material of sufficient size and reflectivity to be visible from both sides for 500 feet when directly in front of lower beams of headlights on a motor vehicle. 4 Helmets - Every bicyclist should always wear a CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) approved bicycle helmet when riding, which greatly improves the chances of surviving a crash. Tips for Bicyclists 1. Obey traffic signs and signals - Bicyclists must drive like other vehicles if they are to be taken seriously by motorists. 2. Never ride against traffic - Motorists do not look for or expect bicyclists riding on the wrong side of the roadway. 3. Use hand signals - Hand signals tell motorists what you intend to do. Signal as a matter of law, of courtesy, and of self-protection. 4. Ride in a straight line - Whenever possible, ride in a straight line and to the right of traffic but about the width of a car door away from parked cars. 5. Follow lane markings - Do not turn left from the right lane. Do not go straight in a lane marked for right turns only. 6. Do not pass on the right - Do not pass on the right side of vehicles in traffic at intersections. Motorists turning right may not look for or see a bicycle passing on the right. 7. Watch for cars pulling out - Even though you make eye contact with drivers, you must assume that they do not see you and may pull out in front of you. 8. Scan the road behind you - Learn to look back over your shoulder without losing your balance or swerving left. Some riders use rear-view mirrors. 9. Keep both hands ready to brake - You may not stop in time if you brake one-handed. Allow extra distance for stopping in the rain or on wet surfaces because brakes are less effective when wet. It is also important to know that there are steps that you should take as a pedestrian or bicyclist to stay alive. 35
Slide 42: PEDESTRIANS Pedestrians (including joggers) are the highway users most at risk in traffic. In any conflict between a motor vehicle and a pedestrian, the pedestrian is going to be the loser. Drivers and pedestrians both need to use great caution to avoid any collisions. Everyone benefits when a crash is avoided. Driving Safely Among Pedestrians Striking a pedestrian with a motor vehicle is a horrible experience. Most drivers would tell you that they would do anything to avoid this. The plain fact is that many do not do even the most elementary things, like looking out and being careful. Drivers must remember: 1. Pedestrians have the right-of-way at intersections, whether or not the crosswalks are marked by painted white lines. You must yield when a pedestrian is on or near the half of the roadway you are traveling. The law requires that drivers do everything possible to keep from hitting pedestrians. 2. Stop for the safety of anyone crossing the street on foot. Do not pass any vehicle that has stopped at a crosswalk. A pedestrian hidden from your view may be crossing the street. 3. When driving across a sidewalk, you must yield to pedestrians. Pedestrians have the right-of-way on all sidewalks. 4. You must yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian using a guide dog or carrying a white cane. Only blind or nearly blind persons are permitted to carry white canes. 5. Vehicles turning right or left on a green light must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians who are in a marked or unmarked crosswalk within the intersection. Every intersection has a crosswalk, whether marked or not. 6. Vehicles shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, not in the crosswalk. 7. When turning right on red, look to your passenger side before turning to make sure no one is walking in front of your car. 8. Use caution where children may be present (schools, residential areas, playgrounds, parks, bus stops, etc.). 9. When driving at night, be alert and watch for pedestrians (60% of pedestrian fatalities occur between 6:00 PM – 6:00 AM. 10. Obey the speed limit, especially in areas where pedestrians are likely to be. The risk of a pedestrian dying from a collision rises rapidly with increasing speeds. Whereas, 5% of pedestrians struck by a vehicle traveling 20 mph will die, 40% of pedestrians struck at 30 mph will die, 80% of pedestrians struck at 40 mph will die. 11. Every year in the United States more than 70,000 pedestrians are injured and 5,000 are killed by motor vehicles. Safety Tips for Pedestrians When crossing or walking on a roadway at places which are not intersections or marked crosswalks, you must yield the right-of-way to vehicles. 2. You must not suddenly leave a curb or other safe place and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is close enough to be a danger to you. This is true even though you are in a crosswalk and the law says that a driver must be concerned with the safety of pedestrians. If a driver cannot stop in time, the law will not help. 3. IF THERE ARE SIDEWALKS, YOU MUST USE THEM. If there are no sidewalks, walk or jog on the left shoulder as far away as possible from the edge of the roadway. Where neither a sidewalk nor shoulder is available, walk as near as possible to the outside edge of the roadway. Always walk or jog FACING TRAFFIC; that is, on the left side of the shoulder or road. 4. If you want to cross a street between intersections where a traffic light or officer controls traffic, you may cross only in marked crosswalks. 5. If traffic lights for vehicles are used with the pedestrian signals which show the words “WALK” or “DON’T WALK” (or the upraised hand or walker sign), you must obey the pedestrian signals. If there are only signals for vehicles, you must obey them. Check carefully for vehicle traffic before you step into the intersection, especially for turning vehicles, and during the entire time you are in the intersection. 6. When a signal changes to green or “WALK” for you, you must look left and right and yield the rightof-way to any vehicle which was in the intersection before the signal changes. 7. If the signal changes to “DON’T WALK” (or upraised hand or walker sign) after you have gone part way across a divided street, proceed quickly to a sidewalk or safety island and wait there until the signal permits you to continue. 8. At an intersection where traffic is not controlled by signals, drivers are required to yield the right-ofway to you within the crosswalk, marked or unmarked; but you must give the driver a chance to yield to you. 9. You must not pass through, around, or under railroad crossing gates. 10. You must yield the right-of-way to emergency vehicles. 11. Wear reflective clothing or carry a flashlight at night. In-Line Skates, Scooters, Skateboards 1. Follow the same rules as pedestrians. 2. Protect your head—wear a helmet. Do not ride at dusk or at night. 3. Never ride in traffic. 4. Ride on sidewalks, driveways, in parks, and in parking lots (where permitted). 5. Yield to other pedestrians on sidewalks. 1. 36
Slide 43: Motor Assisted Scooters 1. Follow the same rules as a bicycle, moped, or motorcycle. 2. A person under the age of 16 may not operate a motor-assisted scooter unless the person is under the direct supervision of the person’s parent or guardian. 3. A person may not operate a motor assisted scooter: • In a public parking structure • On public property posted as an area prohibiting skateboards • On a highway with four (4) or more lanes, or • On a highway with a posted speed limit greater than 25 miles per hour. Street-legal All-terrain ATV or Utility Type Vehicles It is possible to register a ATV or a utility type vehicle (UTV) as a street-legal all-terrain vehicle when certain conditions are met. All-terrain type I vehicle means any motor vehicle 50 inches or less in width, having a unladen dry weight of 800 pounds or less, traveling on three or more low pressure tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and designed for or capable of travel over unimproved terrain. A Utility Type Vehicle UTV is, any recreational vehicle designed for and capable of travel over unimproved terrain. Traveling on four or more tires and having a width of 30 to 70 inches. An unladen dry weight of 2,200 pounds or less. Having a seat height of 25 to 40 inches when measured at the forward edge of the seat bottom. Having side by side seating with a steering wheel for control. Registration A street-legal all-terrain type 1 or utility type vehicle is subject to a safety inspection the first time that a person registers an off-highway vehicle as a streetlegal all-terrain vehicle. A street-legal ATV/UTV will also need to comply with county motor vehicle emissions inspections and maintenance programs. NOTE: A person operating an ATV/UTV shall have in his immediate possession a safety certificate or other evidence of compliance with the requirement to obtain a safety inspection. LICENSING The street-legal ATV/UTV shall comply with the same requirements as a motorcycle as to following traffic rules, registering, titling, odometer statement, vehicle identification, license plates, and registration fees. NOTE: If you have a class D or CDL, you are licensed to drive a street-legal ATV/UTV. Highway Use All-terrain type I or a utility type vehicle that meets the requirements may be operated as a street-legal ATV/UTV on a street or highway that is a highway with one lane in each direction. NOTE: The street-legal ATV/UTV operating on a highway may not exceed the lesser of the posted speed limit or 45 miles per hour. If operating on a highway with posted speed higher than 45 miles per hour the operator shall operate the street legal ATV/UTV on the extreme right hand side of the roadway, and shall equip the street-legal ATV/UTV with a reflector or reflective tape. Requirements A street-legal ATV/UTV shall be equipped with: • One or more headlamps • One or more tail lamps • Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp to illuminate the rear license plate with a white light • One or more red reflectors on the rear • One or more stop lamps on the rear • Amber or red electric turn signals, one on each side front and rear • A braking system, other than a parking brake • A horn or other warning device • A muffler and emission control system which complies with Utah requirements • Rearview mirrors on the left side of the driver • A windshield, unless the operator wears eye protection while operating the vehicle • A speedometer, illuminated for nighttime operation • Tires that do not exceed 26 inches in height and are not larger than the tires the manufacturer made available REMEMBER: Anyone younger than18 years of age is required to wear a DOT approved helmet. For information regarding the usage of, or to register for the youth training courses, contact the Department of Natural Resources State Parks and Recreation at 1800-648-7433, or (801) 538-7220, or the web address of www.stateparks.utah.gov. PEDESTRIAN VEHICLES A pedestrian vehicle is designed and manufactured for the use of the disabled. It must be less than 48 inches wide, have an engine displacement of less than 300 cubic centimeters and less than 12 brake horsepower, and not be capable of exceeding 30 mph. These vehicles may be used on the highways and are exempt from registration, inspection and the usual operator license requirements. Authority to operate pedestrian vehicles is governed by the Commissioner of Public Safety. 37
Slide 44: Although pedestrian vehicles are allowed on the highways, the drivers must still obey all the highway rules, regulations and laws. The vehicles must be operated in a safe and courteous manner. SAFETY BELTS AND CAR SAFETY SEATS Motor vehicle crashes are the major cause of death and injury to individuals up to the age of 24, which creates a major health problem in Utah. The possibility of a serious crash on one of the many trips in your lifetime is greater than 50%. Ask your friends how many have never been in a crash - the percentage will be low. Safety Belts. 1. Buckle Up, It’s The Law. Utah law requires the driver and all passengers to be buckled if a seat belt is available. 2. Your chances of being killed are 23 times greater if you are thrown from a car. Safety belts help keep you in the car. 3. Four out of five crashes occur at speeds under 40 mph, with deaths occurring at speeds as low as 12 mph. A safety belt should be worn at any speed, regardless of how slow you are moving. 4. In a crash, your body weight is multiplied by the speed of the car. For example, if you weigh 150 pounds and crash while traveling 30 mph, your body would hit with a force of 4,500 pounds. There is no way you can brace yourself against that much force. 5. Three out of four crashes resulting in death are within 25 miles of home. Not using a safety belt because you are just going to the store is a poor excuse - and dangerous. 6. Less than half of one percent of all injuryproducing collisions involve fire or submersion. If fire or submersion does occur, a safety belt may keep you from being injured or knocked unconscious, thus increasing your chances to escape. 7. Drivers wearing safety belts have more control over their vehicles in emergency situations and are more likely to avoid a crash. 8. In Utah, approximately two out of three motor vehicle deaths would not happen if safety belts were worn. 9. Persons not complying with the safety belt law may be required to pay a fine. 10. You may be stopped and cited if anyone under 19 years is unrestrained. 11. Occupants of the vehicle 19 years and older may be cited for a seat belt violation if stopped for some other reason. Child Safety Approximately 1400 Utah children under the age of five are injured and 15 to 20 are killed each year in motor vehicle crashes. One out of every 57 children born in Utah will be seriously injured or killed in a motor vehicle crash before age five, unless he or she is using a car safety seat or safety belt. Unfortunately, only about 44% of the children in Utah regularly ride in a safety seat. These facts constitute a major public health concern for the State of Utah. Compliance with child passenger safety laws decreases the number of deaths and injuries to young children. Infant Car Safety Seat Infant/Toddler Seat Booster Seat In an effort to increase child safety in motor vehicles, laws have been enacted which require certain actions by all drivers in Utah. The laws provide that: 1. 2. Children under age EIGHT (8) must be properly restrained in an approved car safety seat. The driver must provide for the protection of each person of EIGHT (8) years of age up to 16 years of age by using an appropriate child restraint device or a properly adjusted and fastened safety belt. Authorized emergency vehicles, mopeds, vehicles not equipped with safety belts by the manufacturer, motorcycles, school buses and vehicles that provide transportation for hire are exempt from this law. Car safety seats must be dynamically crash tested in order to be approved. Safety seats manufactured after January 1, 1981, according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS), are the safest seats available. 3. 4. NOTE: A child who is under EIGHT (8) years of age and is 57 inches tall or taller is exempt from the requirement to be in a child restraint device and shall use a properly adjusted and fastened safety belt. Air Bags Air bags work! They save lives. But they do their job best when everyone is buckled and children are properly restrained in the back seat. An air bag is not a soft, billowy pillow. To do its important job, an air bag comes out of the dashboard at up to 200 mph - faster than the blink of an eye. The force of an air bag can hurt those who are too close to it. Drivers can entirely eliminate any danger to children from a deploying air bag by placing children properly restrained in the back seat. With or without an air bag, the back seat is the safest seat for children to ride. 38
Slide 45: It is a “Class B” misdemeanor if you remove, fail to have repaired, or modify your vehicle’s air bag passive restraint system with the intention of rendering the air bag inoperable. Air bag related injuries can be prevented by following these critical safety points: • • • • • Children 12 and under should ride buckled up in a rear seat. Infants should NEVER ride in the front seat of a vehicle with a passenger-side air bag. Small children should ride in a rear seat in child safety seats approved for their age and size. Everyone should buckle up with both lap AND shoulder belts on every trip. Driver and front seat passengers should be moved as far back as practical. 39
Slide 46: CHAPTER 6 HOW A CRASH MAY AFFECT YOU The Utah Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law requires that every resident owner of a motor vehicle, including motorcycles, shall maintain owner’s or operator’s security (proof of financial responsibility) in effect throughout the registration period of the vehicle. Anyone who knowingly operates a motor vehicle, or permits one to be operated without owner’s security, is guilty of a class C misdemeanor and may have their driving privileges suspended or revoked and their vehicle impounded. Motor vehicle insurance is the most convenient and least expensive way to comply with this law. MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE The most important types of insurance “coverage” are: 1. Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Mandatory coverage that provides payment for injuries or damages caused through your negligence to another person or another person’s property. This coverage can be used to meet the requirements of the Utah Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law. 2. Uninsured Motorist - Covers injuries to you and your passengers if you are in a crash that is caused by another driver who does not have insurance or by a “hit-and-run” driver. Property damage losses are not normally paid under this coverage. 3. Personal Injury Protection (also known as “Nofault” or “PIP”) - Mandatory and provides some basic benefits and coverage for bodily injury to you and others without having to determine “fault” in a crash. 4. Collision - Covers repairs to your vehicle for damage caused by a collision, subject to a deductible, usually in a case when no other person is at fault. This coverage is not required by law, but is usually required by a lien holder. 5. Comprehensive - Covers repairs to your vehicle for damage caused by some reason other than collision, such as fire, theft, vandalism or glass breakage. This coverage is not required by law, but may be required by a lien holder. IF YOU ARE INVOLVED IN A CRASH Stop Immediately You may be penalized severely for not remaining at the scene of a crash in which you are involved. Your driver license could be suspended or revoked for up to one year. In addition, you can receive a jail sentence of up to one year, a fine of up to $2,500 or both. Render Aid If possible, find someone trained in first aid. Until medical help arrives, you should avoid moving anyone who appears to be seriously injured unless such action is necessary to avoid further injury. You are required to render to any person injured in the crash reasonable assistance, including transporting or making arrangements for transporting of the injured person to a physician or hospital for medical treatment if: • • it is apparent that treatment is necessary or transportation is requested by the injured person rd NOTE: It is a 3 degree felony for a person to fail to stop at the scene of an injury crash. TRAFFIC CLEARANCE If the crash results in property damage only and there are no injuries, the law allows for the operator of the vehicle to move the vehicle as soon as possible off the roadway or freeway main lines, shoulders, medians, or adjacent areas to a location on the exit ramp, shoulder, a frontage road, the nearest suitable cross street, or other suitable location that does not obstruct traffic, and requires that the operator remain at that location until all other requirements are fulfilled. Contact the Police If the crash results in injuries, death, or at least $1500 in total property damage, you must notify the police, sheriff, or Highway Patrol as soon as possible. This rule applies to all types of crashes, regardless of whether another driver was involved. You may also be requested to provide insurance information to the Financial Responsibility Section, Driver License Division. Exchange Information The following information must be exchanged between drivers or other persons involved in the crash: • Your name and address • Vehicle registration number • Your insurance information including agent or provider’s name and phone number If the owner of an unattended vehicle is not available or cannot be found, leave a note providing this information: • • Name and address of the driver of your vehicle Vehicle registration number of the vehicle that caused the crash NOTE: The operator of a vehicle that provides the information required to a police officer at the scene of the crash is exempt from providing the information to other persons involved. THE FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT The Financial Responsibility Act is designed to protect the public from losses due to motor vehicle crashes. This law requires that you have your vehicle or yourself, as a driver, insured. Failure to obey this law 40
Slide 47: could result in the loss of your driver license, motor vehicle registration, and license plates. To regain these items, you must provide proof of adequate financial security, pay required reinstatement fees, and fines up to $1,000. Providing Security After a Crash There are two ways you can provide the required security after a crash in which you were the at-fault driver: 1. Depositing money with the Financial Responsibility Section in the amount of the loss suffered by the other parties involved. 2. Showing that at the time of the crash you were covered by automobile liability insurance. If you were not covered by such insurance, you must file one of the following: • Evidence that you have been released from liability by all parties involved in the crash. • Evidence that you have agreed in writing to make payments for any damages or injuries suffered by the other party or parties. • Evidence that you have been found not liable by a court of law. • Evidence that the operator was in compliance with the operator’s security requirement. Uninsured Motorist If a vehicle owner is convicted of driving without insurance, is suspended for driving without insurance, or is identified in the computer files as having no insurance, the Department of Motor Vehicles is required to revoke the vehicle registration unless insurance is purchased within 30 days. NOTE: The law states that ANY TIME anyone operates a motor vehicle, proof of insurance for the vehicle and/or the operator MUST BE IN THE VEHICLE and must be shown to any peace officer that asks to see it. RELEASE OF CRASH INFORMATION Crash reports are protected and may be released only as provided by the law. A report may be released to persons involved in the crash, anyone they name as a representative, parents or legal guardians, their attorney or insurance company, a licensed private investigator, or the media. Information released to the news media is limited to name, age, sex, city of residence, make and model of vehicles, whether or not the vehicles were insured, and the location and description of the crash. If your driving privilege is suspended under this act, it may be reinstated by complying with one of the above listed procedures or one year following the effective date of suspension, if no civil action arising out of the accident has been instituted. Unsatisfied Judgments A court may render a judgment against you for damages to other injured parties. If this judgment is not satisfied within 60 days after the court decision, your driving privilege will be taken away. This rule may apply not only to drivers, but also to those who own or maintain the vehicle. If your license is taken away, the suspension will be in effect until the judgment is satisfied and you have filed “future proof” of financial responsibility in the form of an SR-22. “Future proof” is evidence that you will be able to pay for any damage to others if you are responsible for a future accident. It is required if you have failed to satisfy a judgment as explained above or if your driving privilege is suspended or revoked for a violation of the motor vehicle laws. This proof must be maintained for THREE YEARS following the date of the suspension or revocation or, in the case of an unsatisfied judgment, three years from the date of reinstatement. The most common way to file “future proof” is to furnish evidence that you are covered by an SR-22 automobile liability insurance policy. You may obtain additional information on financial responsibility by contacting the Customer Service Section, Driver License Division. The telephone number is (801) 965-4437. 41
Slide 48: CHAPTER 7 SPECIAL SUBJECTS AND INTERESTS FOR DRIVERS PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND DRIVING SAFETY In 1979, the Utah State Legislature made provisions for increasing highway safety and at the same time allowing many people with health concerns to drive within appropriate safety limits. The law states that individuals are personally responsible to be sure they are in reasonably good health when they drive. If a person has a health condition which may affect their ability to safely operate a vehicle, they are responsible to report it to the Driver License Division and are expected to seek competent medical evaluation and advice. Their physicians are responsible to advise them about their health as it relates to driving safety. A physician does not have authority to restrict anyone’s driving, but is responsible to report accurately about a patient’s health status. This report may permit an unlimited license, one with restrictions or, in some cases, a denial of a license for safety reasons. The Legislature also set up a Driver License Medical Advisory Board to advise physicians and the Driver License Division. The Board emphasizes functional ability to operate a vehicle safely, rather than stressing impairments. It developed a form, “Functional Ability Evaluation Medical Report,” to help physicians advise their patients and simplify reporting. The “Guidelines” include possible health concerns in the following twelve categories: 1. A - Diabetes and Metabolic Condition 2. B - Cardiovascular (Heart) 3. C - Pulmonary (Lung) 4. D - Neurological (Nervous System) 5. E - Epilepsy (Episodic Conditions) 6. F - Learning Memory 7. G - Psychiatric or Emotional Condition 8. H - Alcohol and Other Drugs 9. I - Vision 10. J - Musculoskeletal/Chronic Debility 11. K - Alertness or Sleep Disorders 12. L - Hearing and Balance The “Guidelines” are designed to be the least restrictive possible while at the same time maintaining safety on our highways. Applicants for a driver license will be asked to answer health-related questions. If there is a health concern, they will be given a Functional Ability Evaluation form to take to their health care provider, who will complete a Functional Ability Profile. The form is then returned to the Driver License Division and, if appropriate, a license to drive will be issued based upon previously determined levels of driving risk. 42 For example, if there is a vision problem and the person cannot read highway signs at a distance, the individual may be considered safe to drive, but at reduced speeds, and a restricted license could then be issued. If you have a health problem, you should ask your physician about how it might affect your driving. Many medications may cause drowsiness or other difficulties; therefore, a physician may advise against driving until a suitable dosage schedule has been worked out that will not impair driving. Abuse or excessive use of prescription drugs has caused many serious accidents and should be avoided. Individual drivers have the final responsibility for knowing their abilities and for driving safely. The “Guidelines” require higher standards of fitness for drivers of commercial motor vehicles than for private vehicles, but the principles are the same. MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS Mental and emotional conditions are just as important as physical health concerns. If your mind is not on your driving, you are probably not driving safely. Consider the following four points: 1. Some forms of behavior which often provide hints about our emotional and mental health are: a. Finding that you are always mad at other drivers and sometimes try to “get even.” b. Having a tendency to be excessively confused or frustrated when traffic becomes heavy. c. Being so depressed and worried about things that your attention is not always on the road. d. Finding that you are frequently getting traffic tickets. e. Having trouble adjusting to an emotional shock such as the loss of a loved one. 2. If you are angry or excited, give yourself time to cool off. Take a walk or talk to a friend. Do anything, but stay off the road until you have cooled down. 3. If you are worried about something, do something that will allow you to concentrate on your driving. Listen to the radio or sing to yourself. 4. If you are impatient, give yourself extra time. If you leave a few minutes early, you will not feel the need to speed, beat traffic signals, or do other things that can get you a traffic ticket or cause a crash. Remember, it is your responsibility to find out about and report mental or emotional problems, just as you must for physical problems. The Driver License Division staff will be happy to provide information about the medical guidelines as they apply to the licensing program. In some circumstances, it might be appropriate for the Medical Advisory Board to review a case.
Slide 49: DRIVING AND USING ALCOHOL OR DRUGS Driving after even one drink is asking for trouble. The bottom line is that when you drive after drinking, you are driving with impairment. After alcohol reaches your stomach, it enters your blood and goes to all parts of your body and reaches your brain in 20 to 40 minutes. Alcohol affects those parts of your brain that control your judgment and motor skills. The more you drink, the more trouble you will have judging distances, speeds, and the movements of other vehicles. You will also have much more difficulty controlling your own car. Remember, one of the most dangerous things about alcohol is that your judgment is the first thing to be impaired. It is a fact that over half of all drivers have driven after they have been drinking. Whether you drink all the time or never drink, you should know that somewhere down the road you will meet a driver who has been drinking. In recent years, drugs have become a problem with many drivers on the roads. The “drug addict” is not the only person causing a problem. Most of the drugs for headaches, colds, hay fever, allergies, or nerves can make you sleepy and affect your control of the vehicle. Be sure you know how any drugs or medication you take may affect your driving and ability to operate a vehicle safely on our highways. Here are a few facts about drinking and the use of drugs that you should know: 1. If your blood or breath alcohol concentration level is .08 grams, the point of presumed intoxication in Utah, you are six times more likely to have a crash than if you are sober. 2. Almost half of the crashes in which people are killed nationally involve drinking. There are more than 16,000 of those crashes each year. 3. The average person is likely to be legally intoxicated after consuming three mixed drinks, three glasses of wine, or three cans of beer in one hour, and will stay drunk by having only one additional drink every hour. 4. Drugs and alcohol should not be taken at the same time. Alcohol can have an unpredictable effect on drugs, which in turn, will react much differently in your body. 5. If an officer requests you to take a test to see if you have alcohol or drugs in your system (including prescription medication) and you refuse to be tested, your license may be revoked for 18 months for the first offense, and 36 months for a second or subsequent offense. If you are under the age of 21, the license will be revoked for either 18 months for a first offense, or 36 months for a second offense; or until you reach the age of 21, whichever is longer. This is called the Utah Implied Consent Law. 6. Studies show that people who use marijuana: • Make more driving mistakes • Are arrested for more traffic violations • Are more likely to be bothered by headlight glare BOATING WHILE UNDER THE INFLUENCE If you operate a motorboat while under the influence of alcohol, the same laws apply as if you were operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. (See chapter 8 for more information regarding DUI laws.) Your driver license will be suspended or revoked if you are convicted of DUI or alcohol-related reckless driving in a motorboat. If you are arrested for operating a motorboat while under the influence of alcohol, administrative action may be taken against your privilege to operate a motor vehicle, even if you are not convicted in court. If you have been drinking any alcoholic beverages, don’t take a chance. Let someone who has not been drinking alcoholic beverages do the driving. VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS The following opportunities have been made available for Utah residents to make a voluntary contribution to one or more organizations. The voluntary contributions are not part of the driver license, driving privilege card, identification card, or vehicle registration fees. Friends For Sight: Utah residents may make a voluntary contribution of $2.00 for vision screening when applying for a vehicle registration, a driver license, a driving privilege card, or an identification card, or a renewal of any of the four. The contribution will be forwarded to: Friends For Sight. Organ Donation: Utah residents may make a voluntary contribution of $2.00 to the Organ Donation Contribution Fund when applying for a vehicle registration, a driver license, a driving privilege card, or an identification card, or renewal of any of the four. The funds will be administered by the Department of Health and dispersed to organizations that promote and support organ donation, assist in maintaining and operating a statewide organ donation registry and provide donor awareness education. Mobility Assistance: Utah residents may make a voluntary contribution of $1.00 to the “Out and About” Homebound Transportation Assistance Fund when applying for a driver license or identification card, or a renewal of either. The funds will be administered by the Department of Human Services, Division of Aging and Adult Services, and will be used for public transportation assistance for seniors or people with disabilities. 43
Slide 50: IDENTITY FRAUD PREVENTION AND DETECTION: The Problem The issue of preventing identity fraud has always been a key concern for the Division. Nationally and locally, the cases of identity fraud reported to the Federal Trade Commission ID Theft Database show an alarming trend. The Federal Trade Commission estimates that as many as 9 million Americans have their identities stolen each year. Utah law states a person is guilty of identity fraud when that person knowingly or intentionally: “Obtains personal identifying information of another person and uses, or attempts to use, that information with fraudulent intent, including obtaining, or attempting to obtain, credit, goods, services, any other thing of value, or medical information.” Identity fraud is a felony. What is the Driver License Division doing about it? The Driver License Division has an ongoing program to train its employees to identify fraudulent documents. Technological advances are being utilized to both identify fraudulent documents and safeguard the documents issued by the Division. The Driver License Division cooperates fully with all local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies in identifying and prosecuting cases of identity fraud. What can you do to protect yourself? Keep your personal identification documents such as birth certificates, social security card, and marriage certificates in a secure location. Carry with you only the information and bankcards that you need. Guard your mail and trash from theft. Don’t give out personal information over the phone, through the mail, or over the Internet unless you have initiated the contact or are sure you know with whom you are dealing. Before giving out any personal information ask how that information will be used and secured. Annually review your credit report and closely examine all your financial statements. Stay informed. The Federal Trade Commission has a great deal of information available in printed form and on the Internet. Their web address is: www.ftc.gov/idtheft . 44
Slide 51: CHAPTER 8 LICENSE REVOCATION & SUSPENSION ALCOHOL, POINT SYSTEM, DRIVING RECORDS Some drivers do not meet acceptable driving standards. The Driver Services Bureau, Driver License Division, is here to help those drivers, if possible, and to take corrective action, if necessary. They also deal with cases of license fraud and alteration. The various driver control programs are designed to result in improved driver attitude and performance. In most cases, the treatment programs are successful. However, some drivers are unable or unwilling to correct their bad habits. Those drivers can expect revocation, suspension, denial, or disqualification of their driving privileges. WHEN YOUR PRIVILEGE TO DRIVE MUST BE REVOKED Your driver license will be revoked if a court finds you guilty of any of the following: 1. Manslaughter or negligent homicide while driving. 2. A second or subsequent conviction for driving or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle or a motorboat while intoxicated or while any measurable controlled substance or metabolite of a controlled substance is in your body (including prescribed medications). 3. Making a false statement under oath when applying for a driver license. 4. Using a motor vehicle to commit or facilitate a felony, including automobile homicide. 5. Failure to stop and give aid if you are involved in a motor vehicle crash resulting in the death of, or personal injury to another. 6. Two charges of reckless driving or impaired driving in one year. (The court may recommend that your license be suspended for three months on the first conviction.) Reckless driving is defined as operating a vehicle in a willful and/or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property. 7. Attempting to flee or refusing to stop after receiving a visual or audible signal from a police officer. 8. Discharging or allowing the discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. 9. Using, allowing the use of, or causing to be used any explosive, chemical or incendiary device from a vehicle. 10. Driving with a measurable or detectable amount of alcohol in your system when you have an alcoholrestricted status. 11. Driving a vehicle without an ignition interlock device installed when you have an ignition interlock restricted status. If you forfeit bail after being arrested for one of the offenses mentioned above, your driver license will be revoked/suspended as if you had appeared in court and been found guilty. WHEN YOUR PRIVILEGE TO DRIVE MAY BE SUSPENDED Your driver license may be suspended for as long as one year. Some reasons the Division may suspend your driving privilege are: 1. You have been convicted of an offense for which mandatory suspension is required. 2. By reckless or unlawful conduct, you have caused or contributed to a crash in which someone was injured or killed or which resulted in serious property damage. 3. You are incompetent to drive, or have a mental or physical condition that would make you an unsafe driver. 4. You have unlawfully or fraudulently used your license or permitted its use by someone else. 5. You have refused to take or failed to pass a review examination as ordered by the Division. 6. You have been convicted of sufficient traffic violations to be subject to the Division Point System. 7. You have been arrested for DUI or been found guilty of any drug offense. 8. You operated or permitted to be operated a motor vehicle owned by you without the required security. 9. As a Utah driver, you failed to appear in court for a traffic violation when it occurred in Utah or in a Non-Resident Violator Compact member state, or that you failed to satisfy fees, fines, or restitution to the court on any criminal charge. 10. Failure to show proof of no-fault insurance or other security as required under the Utah Automobile No-Fault Insurance Act. 11. Operating a vehicle or allowing a vehicle registered to you to be operated without required insurance or proof of financial responsibility. 12. Failure to pay child support. 13. You have been convicted for a texting violation or for stealing gas from a retail establishment and the judge has ordered suspension of your license. 14. You are under the age of 21 and have used false or improper proof of age in order to obtain or consume alcohol, or gain admittance to a bar. THE DRINKING DRIVER / DRUG USE Too many people are killed in alcohol-related crashes each year in Utah, and many more are seriously or permanently injured. To help keep the drinking driver off the road, various laws have been enacted. These laws provide severe penalties for the intoxicated driver. A driver is considered to be intoxicated if his/her blood or breath alcohol concentration is .08 or higher (the level is .04 for commercial motor vehicle operators – refer to the CDL manual for details regarding CDL disqualifications). If you are convicted of, plead guilty to, or forfeit bail for driving or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle or a motorboat while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, your punishment may be as much as six (6) months in jail and a fine. 45
Slide 52: Your license will be suspended for 120 days or until you reach the age of 21, whichever is longer, on the first conviction. Second and subsequent convictions will result in a two-year revocation or until you reach the age of 21, whichever is longer. A mandatory jail sentence or requirement to perform community service will be ordered upon conviction of driving under the influence. You must also participate in an assessment and educational series at a state-approved alcohol or drug dependency rehabilitation facility before you will again be allowed driving privileges. A plea of “guilty” or “no contest” for a criminal charge of DUI that is held in abeyance by the court will not appear on the Motor Vehicle Report unless you hold a CDL license or were operating a commercial motor vehicle at the time you were cited. Although a plea held in abeyance for the DUI violation will not result in suspension or revocation of your regular operator privilege, it will result in the disqualification of your CDL privilege. In addition, the abeyance will be considered a “first offense” for the purposes of enhancement of penalties imposed by the court or the Driver License Division, including expungement. This law applies to the following offenses: driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, reckless driving, and automobile homicide. In addition to the criminal penalties, Utah’s Drunk Driving law also allows a peace officer to confiscate your Utah driver license upon arrest for driving under the influence and allows the Division to suspend your license for 120 days or until you reach the age of 21, whichever is longer, for a first arrest, and two years or until you reach the age of 21, whichever is longer for a th second or subsequent arrest beginning on the 30 day after the date of arrest.. You may receive similar fines and jail sentences for any additional convictions for drunk driving or driving under the influence of drugs. A repeat offender may also be found to be a habitual user of alcohol or drugs and be refused a driver license indefinitely or for life. Under Age Drinking An individual between the ages of 13 and 20 who is convicted in court for possession or consumption of alcohol or for being in a bar and being under age will have their driver license suspended for one year for a first offense and two years for a second or subsequent offense as ordered by the court. If the court orders suspension for a driver under the age of 16, the suspension time will begin on the date of conviction and extend for one to two years from their 16th birthday. THE “NOT A DROP” ACT PROVIDES THAT A PERSON UNDER 21 YEARS OF AGE DRIVING WITH ANY MEASURABLE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL IN HIS/HER BODY WILL HAVE ALL DRIVING PRIVILEGES DENIED FOR 120 DAYS OR UNTIL THEY REACH THE AGE OF 21, WHICHEVER IS LONGER, FOR A FIRST OFFENSE. A SECOND OR SUBSEQUENT OFFENSE WITHIN TEN (10) YEARS OF A PRIOR DENIAL WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF DRIVING PRIVILEGES FOR TWO YEARS, OR UNTIL THEY REACH THE AGE OF 21, WHICHEVER IS LONGER. AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS NOT YET BEEN ISSUED A LICENSE WILL BE DENIED OR SUSPENDED EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVE NOT YET OBTAINED A LICENSE FOR ONE YEAR OR UNTIL THEY REACH THE AGE OF 21 FOR A FIRST OFFENSE, AND FOR TWO YEARS OR UNTIL THEY REACH THE AGE OF 21 FOR A SECOND OR SUBSEQUENT ARREST. Alcohol-Restricted Driver When action is taken against a driving privilege for an alcohol-related offense, the driver is placed under an alcohol-restricted status for two (2), three (3), five (5), or ten (10) years depending on the number and type of offenses. A lifetime alcohol-restricted status will result when a driver is convicted for automobile homicide or a felony DUI. The alcohol-restricted status begins on the effective date of revocation or suspension for DUI, alcoholrelated reckless driving, impaired driving, automobile homicide, per se arrest, refusal to submit to a chemical test, driving with alcohol in the body while on an alcohol restricted status, or driving without an ignition interlock device installed in the vehicle while on an ignition interlock restricted status. Once a driver has reinstated his driving privilege following an applicable alcohol offense, the alcohol-restricted status remains in effect for the two (2), three (3), five (5), or ten (10) year period, or lifetime from the effective date of the original action. Following suspension or revocation reinstatement of the driving privilege, the driver will retain full driving privileges; however, if he/she is convicted of driving with any measurable amount of alcohol during the alcohol-restricted period, the driver license will be revoked for one (1) year. Ignition Interlock Restricted Driver If you are convicted in court for an alcohol-related offense, the court can issue a court order that requires that you have and ignition interlock device (IID) installed in your vehicle. This would require you to breathe into the device before you would be able to start the vehicle. The court would determine the time frame for the interlock requirement under these circumstances. Effective May 1, 2006, the Interlock Restricted Driver Law (IRD), 41-6a-518.2 UCA, became effective. When 46
Slide 53: an individual has been convicted of a first DUI, they are automatically restricted to driving a vehicle that has an IID installed for a period of eighteen (18) months from the date of conviction or effective date of the license suspension, or three (3) years if they are under the age of 21 when they are arrested. An additional $170 administration fee may be required in some cases. If a driver does not do everything the court orders, the court will notify the Driver License Division, which will suspend the driver license until the driver has done all that the court ordered. When an individual has been convicted of a second or subsequent DUI Impaired Driving, or Alcohol-Related Reckless Driving violation, or they have been revoked for refusal to submit to a chemical test after being arrested for driving under the influence, they are automatically restricted to driving a vehicle that has an IID installed for a period of three (3) years from the date of conviction or effective date of the revocation. Felony DUI carries a six (6) year IID restriction, and automobile homicide carries a ten (10) year IID restriction. If an individual operates a vehicle without an IID installed when they are restricted, the vehicle may be impounded. In addition, the driver may be cited for violating the IRD law. A conviction for violating the IRD law will result in a driver license revocation for a period of one (1) year and an additional three (3) year IID restriction from the date of conviction. Utah Implied Consent Law When you operate a vehicle or a motorboat in the State of Utah, it is implied that you will submit to a chemical test of your breath, blood, urine, or oral fluids to determine the alcohol or drug content, if asked to do so by a peace officer. This is called the IMPLIED CONSENT LAW. Utah accepts the results of chemical tests to help determine whether an individual has been driving or in actual physical control of a vehicle or a motorboat while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or both. If an officer arrests you for driving while in such a condition, you must submit to the chemical tests selected or designated by the officer. If you refuse to do so, your license may be revoked for 18 months on the first offense and 36 months for second or subsequent offenses. If you are under the age of 21, the license will be revoked for either 18 months for a first offense, or 36 months for a second offense; or until you reach the age of 21, whichever is longer. If asked to take any chemical tests, you may not: Choose which tests you will take, Consult with an attorney or doctor before agreeing to take such tests. Any time your license is suspended/revoked for an alcohol-related offense; you may apply for a new license after the suspension/revocation period by paying a $65 reinstatement fee and the regular license fee and by taking the required examinations. Impound of Vehicle If a driver is arrested for DUI, the officer may have the vehicle or motorboat impounded. If a vehicle is impounded, the DMV will notify the owner of the vehicle and provide information of what must be done to get the vehicle out of impound. The impounded vehicle will not be released to the owner until all requirements have been met and all fees and charges paid. Fees the owner must pay include towing, storage charges, and administrative costs. If an impounded vehicle is not claimed within the allowed time, it shall be sold. NOTE: If a driver is convicted in court for a violation of DUI, driving with a controlled substance in the body, or automobile homicide, and was previously convicted for felony DUI, a felony drug related driving violation, or automobile homicide for a violation that occurred after 5-1-09, and had their license suspended or revoked in connection with the violation, their impounded vehicle may be subject to criminal forfeiture, and may be sold. DRIVING WHILE DENIED, SUSPENDED, OR REVOKED If you drive while your license is denied, suspended, or revoked you may be sentenced to jail for 90 days and be required to pay a fine. Also, the length of time your license was originally denied, suspended, or revoked will be increased by the amount of the original time period. For example, if your license was originally suspended for three (3) months, an additional three (3) months would be added to your suspension. If your original suspension or revocation is based upon an alcohol-related offense, the fine may be up to $1000, and you may be imprisoned for up to six (6) months. ALTERED OR FICTITIOUS LICENSE It is unlawful to display a license which you know has been canceled, suspended, or altered. It is also illegal to alter a driver license. Either of these actions could result in your licensed being suspended. 47
Slide 54: POINT SYSTEM Over 21 Years of Age The point system is part of Utah’s Driver Improvement Program. Points are assigned for specific types of violations. If you acquire 200 or more points within a three (3) year period, you will be asked to appear for a hearing. Based on the hearing, you may be placed on probation, requested to take the Defensive Driving Course, or have your driving privilege suspended. The suspension may be for three (3) months, six (6) months, or one (1) year, depending on your record. Under 21 Years of Age Utah drivers under the age of 21 are subjected to a more stringent point system. An accumulation of 70 points or more within a three (3) year period may result in a hearing and a subsequent suspension or denial of driving privileges from 30 days up to one (1) year. POINT DISTRIBUTION Reckless Driving .................................................. 80 Speeding (Depending on Severity) ............. 35 to 75 Failure to Yield Right-of-Way ............................... 60 Following too Closely (Tailgating) ....................... 60 Wrong Side of Road............................................. 60 Wrong Way on One-way Street ........................... 60 Red Light ............................................................. 50 Stop Sign ............................................................. 50 Improper Lookout ................................................. 50 Improper Passing ................................................. 50 Negligent Collision ............................................... 50 Other Moving Violations ....................................... 40 Driver’s Record The Driver License Division maintains a computerized driving and crash record of every driver in the state. It contains a record of convictions for moving traffic violations and suspensions within the past three (3) years. All alcohol/drug-related violations, suspensions, and revocations remain on the record for ten (10) years. When a driver is convicted of a moving traffic violation, notice of the court action is sent to the Division for posting on the driver’s record. Also, if you are a commercial driver, your driving record will be submitted to the Commercial Driver License Information System and a record of suspensions and revocations will be forwarded to the National Driver Register. NOTE: Except for speeding tickets, points may vary plus or minus 10%, depending upon the recommendation of the court. RECORDS How to Clear Your Record By driving safely, you can clear your own record. The point system provides that when you drive one (1) full year without being convicted of a moving traffic violation, half of the total points on your record will be removed. If you drive two (2) successive years without a conviction, all points will be removed from your record. Points for individual convictions are automatically removed from your record three (3) years after the date of the violation. As a further incentive, 50 points may be removed from your record upon completion of a defensive driving course recommended by the Division. This 50-point reduction will be permitted only once during any three (3) year period. 48
Slide 55: CHAPTER 9 REGISTRATION, INSPECTION AND EQUIPMENT In Utah the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) handles vehicle, vessel, and aircraft registration, while driver licenses and ID’s are handled through the Driver License Division (DLD). What Vehicles Must Be Registered? Cars Watercraft Trucks Off-highway vehicles Trailers Snowmobiles Campers Aircraft Motorcycles Low speed electric vehicles Trailers weighing less than 750 pounds when empty and not used for commercial purposes are not required to be registered. However, any trailer may be registered for the resident’s convenience. Who Must Register Their Vehicles? Utah residents must register any of the above vehicles for use in the state. Non-residents using their watercraft in Utah for more than 60 days per year must be register in Utah. Non-residents using their off-highway vehicle or snowmobile in Utah pay an annual user fee to the Division of Parks and Recreation. Upon payment of the $30 fee, a user receives a decal for display on the offhighway vehicle or snowmobile. Decals are available from Parks and Recreation or their authorized agents. Exceptions: Non-resident students who pay nonresident tuition, certain military personnel, temporary workers, and individuals temporarily in Utah engaged in public or charitable service may be exempt from registering vehicles in Utah. When registering a vehicle in Utah, the following listed items must be taken to the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV): 1. Most recent registration - regardless in which state your vehicle was last registered, you must take the most recent registration to the DMV. 2. Title - If your vehicle title is held by an out-of-state lien holder or leasing company, your vehicle will be registered in Utah, but it will not be titled. Be sure to present your current registration. • If your vehicle is leased, you must present the power of attorney form and Utah sales tax number provided by your leasing company which authorizes you to register the vehicle on behalf of the leasing company. • If there is more than one owner, the signature of only one of the owners is required on the application for a new Utah title. • All motorized boats, sailboats, or jet ski’s used on Utah waters must be registered, but are titled only if they are 1985 or newer. In all cases, you must present your current registration and title. 3. All off-road vehicles and snowmobiles used on public lands must be registered, but are titled only if 1988 or newer. In all cases, your current registration and title must be provided when you register your vehicle. • Campers and aircraft are registered through your local county assessor’s office, but are not titled. Your most recent registration and any other available ownership documents must be presented at the time of registration. Utah Safety Inspection Certificate – Cars, trucks, and on-highway motorcycles are required to be inspected prior to registration as follows: Vehicles with model years less than eight (8) years old need a safety inspection once every two years. Vehicles in this category having even-numbered model years must have safety inspections in evennumbered years, and vehicles having oddnumbered model years must have safety inspections in odd-numbered years. For example, a 2007 model year vehicle must have a safety inspection when it is registered in 2009. Vehicles with model years eight (8) years and older must pass a safety inspection every year. Vehicles registered at 10,001 pounds or more must have a safety inspection every year. Inspections are available at most service stations, and are valid for two months. • You should present your current registration or proof of ownership at the time of inspection. If repair work is required in order to pass inspection, it may be done by anyone. Required repairs must be completed within 15 days, after which the inspection station is required to recheck the vehicle at no additional costs. • For additional information about safety inspections, please contact Utah Highway Patrol at (801) 322-1390 4. Utah Emission Certificates – As a prerequisite for registration, emission certificates are required in Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties and are valid for two months. All 1968 or newer model gas-powered cars and trucks in these counties must have an emissions test which can be completed at most service stations. Emissions certificates in Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties for gas-powered cars and trucks are required every other year for vehicles less than six (6) years old. Vehicles in this category that have even-numbered years and vehicles with odd-numbered model years must have an emission test in oddnumbered years. Vehicles with model years six (6) years old and older (to 1968) must have an emissions test each year. 49
Slide 56: Farm trucks may apply for an exemption from emissions with their County Health Departments. Emission testing for diesel vehicles is required in Davis and Salt Lake Counties. For additional information about emission tests and requirements, contact one of the following Environment Health Offices: Davis County Salt Lake County Utah County Weber County (801) 546-8860 (801) 313-6720 (801) 851-7600 (801) 399-7140 Registration Renewal - Vehicle registration renewals may be completed through a number of options. DMV will mail a renewal reminder notice to the address on record for your vehicle. This notice will contain all of the information necessary to renew your vehicle registration. Follow the instructions provided for safety and/or emission inspections to obtain the required certificates. Then you may complete your registration renewal by: Mail - enclose payment with the renewal form, safety and/or emission certificates and mail to DMV. Please allow ten (10) days for processing. Internet - online at http://renewalexpress.utah.gov. To renew on line it will be necessary for you to have the PIN from the registration renewal notice that you received in the mail and required safety and/or emissions certificate numbers. You will print a temporary registration to place in your vehicle and the permanent registration and decal will be mailed to you. Please allow ten (10) days for processing. OTS (On The Spot) stations – On The Spot authorized renewal stations are emission and/or safety inspection stations that offer one-stop inspection and registration renewal services. They are authorized by the Utah Division of Motor Vehicles to renew your vehicle, and issue a decal with an updated registration. An additional fee may apply for this service. It is not required that you obtain an inspection to complete your renewal at an OTS station. 5. Serial Number (VIN) Inspections – Inspection of identification numbers are required for all vehicles or watercraft that have been titled in other states and are being titled/registered for the first time in Utah. Safety inspection certificates are accepted means of verification for cars, trucks, and motorcycles, providing that the VIN is accurate on the safety inspection certificate. Trailers, watercraft, off-highway vehicles, and snowmobiles require separate VIN or HIN inspections which can be completed by a Utah peace officer, a qualified safety inspection station, a Utah licensed dealer or DMV employee. Property Tax Clearance – All vehicles in Utah are subject to either an age-based fee or uniform fee of 1.5 or 1.0 percent of the fair market value of the vehicle. The appropriate fee must be paid when you register your vehicle or watercraft. Application for Registration/Title – To register and title in Utah for the first time, an Application to Register/Title must be completed and required documentation provided. Required documentation may include a vehicle title, a bill of sale, odometer statement, a previous registration and safety and emission certificates. 6. 7. DMV Office - If you are renewing your registration in person, follow the instructions provided in the mail notice regarding safety and emission inspections requirements and present the certificates at the office. For more information, call 1-800-DMV-UTAH. SAFETY INSPECTION AND EQUIPMENT It is illegal to drive any vehicle which is in an unsafe condition or which does not have the equipment required by law. In addition, the owner of such a vehicle shall not knowingly allow it to be driven. You have the responsibility to maintain your vehicle in a safe operating condition. You must also verify the safety of your vehicle once every two years if the vehicle model year is less than eight (8) years old, every year once the vehicle model year is more than eight (8) years old, and every year for a truck registered at 10,001 pounds or greater by submitting the vehicle to an approved inspection. The main purpose of the safety inspection program is to minimize or eliminate vehicle defects and prevent unsafe vehicles from operating on Utah roads and highways. The need for an annual inspection also increases your awareness of the steps which result in a quality inspection. Registration, Plates and/or Decals License plates and/or decals will be issued to you upon completion of the registration process. All license plates are issued to the owner of the vehicle and should be returned to a motor vehicle office when the vehicle is sold. The registration issued to you will expire on the last day of the month, one year from the date of issue. Utah’s registration by mail program mails a computergenerated registration packet to the address shown on our records. If you move, it is very important that you submit an address correction in writing to the DMV. This will enable them to send your mail packet to the correct address. 50
Slide 57: Inspection Checklist The following information is intended to help you determine whether or not your vehicle has been properly inspected. Keep this checklist in the glove compartment of your vehicle and refer to it each time you have your vehicle inspected. Brakes 1. Visual inspection – Remove at least one front wheel and one rear wheel. Measure the brake linings or pads to be sure they are over 2/32” thick at the thinnest point. There should be no missing or loose rivets. Rotors and drums must not be turned beyond the specifications established by the manufacturer. Check wheel cylinders, brake lines, and hoses. There should be no leakage. Parking brakes must function properly. 2. Computerized Plate Brake Inspection - Vehicles using the computerized brake inspection procedure do not have wheels pulled to measure lining thickness. The computerized test measures the braking efficiency of each wheel to determine compliance with the manufacturer’s specifications for the original equipment. This in no way releases the vehicle owner from periodic brake checks for brake pad thickness. The owner may request for all wheels to be pulled at no further expense. Tires Inspect all tires for tire wear. Measure tread depth to be sure they are at least 2/32”. Inspect the tires for cuts and cracks that expose the tire cord. Exhaust System Check the exhaust system for leakage in any part of the system, including the mufflers, tailpipes, and all connections. Tailpipes must extend beyond the side or rear of the vehicle body. Steering The steering system must be checked for excessive play. Too much play could indicate problems with tie rods, tie rod ends, idler arms, or other steering components. Ball joints must not have movement in them that exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications. Headlights Headlights must operate properly, including the high beams. They must be properly and securely mounted and be aimed to specifications. Non-clear headlight covers are not authorized. Tail Lights, Stop Lights, and Turn Signals All lamps must operate properly, lenses may not be broken, and must be the proper color for the location. Turn signals must operate properly; Rear window brake light must operate properly and may not have any window tint covering the light. Taillight covers are not authorized. Windshields/Windows Your windshield will not pass inspection: When there is any damage within the “acute area” larger than one inch (1”) in diameter, a size equal to a quarter coin. The “acute area” on the windshield is defined by measuring six inches (6”) down from the top of the windshield, and six inches (6”) up from the bottom of the windshield, and horizontally, by measuring six inches (6”) from both the right and left side of the windshield. Windshields may not be tinted below four (4) inches from the top or below that AS-1 line. Driver side/passenger side windows may not be tinted below 43% light transmittance. Windshield Wipers The wipers must operate properly and be capable of clearing the windshield adequately. Mirrors All vehicles are required to have two rear view mirrors; a left outside mirror, and either an interior centermounted mirror or a right outside mirror. If the side windows or rear window are tinted or obscured, the vehicle must have outside mirrors on both the left and right sides. Rear view mirrors must provide a clear view of the highway at least 200 feet to the rear. Fuel System The fuel system must be securely fastened to the vehicle and there must be no leakage in the system. Muffler A muffler must be on the exhaust system to prevent excessive noise. Safety Glass Safety glass is required equipment for all car windows and windshields. All equipment must meet the legal standards for the particular device. If the equipment on your vehicle is in such a condition as to be a menace to your safety and the safety of others, or if the equipment on your vehicle is in violation of the law, the registration of your vehicle may be suspended. NOTE: All registered vehicles must have proof of insurance IN THE VEHICLE AT ALL TIMES. 51
Slide 58: EQUIPMENT YOUR VEHICLE MUST NOT HAVE The following items and equipment are not allowed to be mounted on your vehicle: 1. Any red or blue light showing toward the front. 2. Any siren, bell, or whistle. 3. A muffler cutout. 4. More than two fog lights. 5. More than two extra driving lights. 6. More than two fender lights. 7. After-market sun screening devices are not approved for use in Utah. Window tint materials must comply with Utah law. The front windows to the immediate left and right of the driver must allow no less than 43% light transmittance. All windows behind the driver do not have any window tint limits. No vehicle may have any windows covered by or treated with a material which presents a metallic or mirrored appearance when viewed from the outside of the vehicle. Vehicles with window tint on the rear window of the vehicle must be equipped with an outside mirror on each side of the vehicle. If the window tint is on the rear window, the center high mounted brake light cannot be covered. In addition, no vehicle may be mechanically altered or chassis changed up or down beyond state statute. For additional information on Safety Inspections, visit www.safetyinspections.utah.gov. AUTOMOBILE THEFT PREVENTION The Automobile Safety Foundation has made the following recommendations to vehicle owners regarding steering lock operation for automobile theft prevention: THE TRANSMISSION PARK SYSTEM – Park. Shift the transmission into the “park” position, turn key to LOCK, and remove. THE TWO HANDED BUTTON SYSTEM – Park. This system requires two hands, depress button below the steering column, turn key to LOCK, and remove. 52 THE LEVER SYSTEM – Park. Depress lever located near the ignition, turn key to LOCK, and remove. ii. ONE HAND BUTTON SYSTEM – Park. Depress button located near the ignition. Turn key to LOCK and remove. THE PUSH IN SYSTEM – Park. Turn key to OFF, push in, turn key to LOCK, and remove. i. THE TURN AND REMOVE SYSTEM – Park. Turn key to LOCK, and remove. “© 2002 Automobile Safety Foundation”
Slide 59: CHAPTER 10 INFORMATION FOR RV’S AND LARGE VEHICLES SHARING THE ROAD WITH TRUCKS AND LARGE VEHICLES It may sound obvious, but trucks are not large cars. To reduce the chance of a crash with a large tractor-trailer, the so-called “18-wheeler,” motorists must be familiar with a truck’s physical capabilities and common maneuvers. According to the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 71 percent of fatal crashes involving two or more vehicles—in which one is a truck—are caused by the other vehicle, usually a car. Braking Tractor-trailers take longer to stop than a car traveling at the same speed. The average passenger car traveling at 55 mph can stop in about 130-140 feet, less than half the length of a football field. A fully-loaded tractor-trailer may take more than 400 feet to come to a complete stop, or one-third more than the length of a football field. Turning With any turning vehicle, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels. The longer the vehicle, the greater the difference. That’s why the drivers of tractor-trailers must often swing out to the left as the first step in making a right turn. When following a tractor-trailer, observe its turn signals before trying to pass. If it appears to be starting a left turn, wait a moment to check and see which way the driver is going to turn before passing on the right. A Trucker’s Blind Spots It is important to be seen whenever you are driving. Many motorists falsely assume that truckers can see the road better because they sit twice as high as the driver of a car. While truckers do enjoy a better forward view and have bigger mirrors, they still have SERIOUS BLIND SPOTS into which a car can disappear from view — UP TO 20 FEET IN FRONT OF THE CAB, ON EITHER SIDE OF THE TRACTOR TRAILER, PARTICULARLY ALONGSIDE THE CAB, AND UP TO 200 FEET IN THE REAR. Motorists lingering in blind spots on the sides or at the rear of large trucks hamper the truckers’ ability to take evasive action to avoid dangerous situations — thus increasing the possibility of a crash. An excellent rule of thumb for motorists sharing the road with a tractortrailer is, “if you can’t see the truck driver in his side mirror, he can’t see you.” Maneuverability Trucks are designed to carry products to and from towns and cities; they are not designed to be as maneuverable as cars. Trucks have longer stopping and accelerating distances, wider turning area, and weigh more. On multi-lane highways tractor-trailers stay in the center lane to help the flow of local traffic on and off the highway. Staying in the middle lane also increases a truck driver’s options if he or she has to switch lanes in order to avoid a dangerous situation or a crash. Listed below are common mistakes motorists must avoid when driving around trucks: • Cutting off a truck in traffic or on the highway to reach your exit or turn. Cutting into the open space in front of a truck removes the truck driver’s cushion of safety. Trying to beat a truck to a singlelane construction zone represents a particularly dangerous situation. Take a moment to slow down and exit behind a truck—it takes only a few extra seconds and can avoid causing a crash. • Don’t linger alongside a truck when passing. Always pass a tractor-trailer completely and always on the left side. If you linger when passing, your position makes it impossible for the trucker to take evasive action if an obstacle appears in the road ahead. • Following too close or tailgating. When following behind a truck, if you can’t see the truck driver’s rear view mirrors, there is no way the truck driver can see you. Tailgating a truck or car is dangerous because you take away your own cushion of safety if the vehicle in front of you stops suddenly — and if the vehicle you are following hits something in the road, you will have no time to react before it hits your car. • Never underestimate the size and speed of an approaching tractor-trailer. Because of its large size, a tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower speed than it is. A substantial number of car-truck collisions take place at intersections because the driver of the car does not realize how close the truck is or how quickly it is approaching. SIZE AND WEIGHT REGULATIONS It is illegal to move any vehicle which exceeds the legal size, and weight limits on any highway, except with a special permit. This chapter describes some of those limits. Remember: no local authority has the power to alter these limitations. Width No vehicle shall have a total outside width, including load, of more than 8-1/2 feet. One exception to this rule is farm tractors. Their width may not exceed 9 feet. In addition, farm machinery may move short distances upon the highway, regardless of their size, if they are actually engaged in farm operations. Height No vehicle shall exceed a height of 14 feet, including any load that may be carried. 53
Slide 60: Length No single vehicle, except for fire-fighting equipment, shall exceed an overall length of 45 feet, including the front and rear bumpers. A truck tractor coupled to a semi-trailer or trailers is considered to be two vehicles. Loads Projecting to the Front and Rear No train of vehicles or single vehicle shall carry a load extending more than three feet to the front, nor more than six feet to the rear of the body of the vehicle. Requirements for placement of flags, if required, are listed later in this chapter. Turn Signals Two red, yellow or amber lights must be mounted on the rear of the vehicle and two white, yellow or amber lights must be mounted on the front of each vehicle. These lights must be visible from 100 feet in normal sunlight. Turn signals are not required on vehicles manufactured before 1953, if the vehicle is less than 80 inches wide. Parking Lights One or more white or amber colored lights are to be mounted on the front of each vehicle. License Plate Light All vehicles will have one white light mounted on the rear of the vehicle so that the license number may be clearly read at a distance of at least 50 feet. This light may be part of the tail lamp assembly. Loads Projecting to the Sides No vehicle, including a passenger vehicle, may carry any load extending beyond the line of the fenders on the left side of the vehicle nor extending more than six inches beyond the line of the fenders on the right side of the vehicle. Requirements for lighting and flagging loads that project beyond the sides or ends of a vehicle are discussed later in this chapter. Reflectors Vehicles must have one amber reflector on each side of the vehicle located at or near the front, and one red reflector on each side located at or near the rear of the vehicle. The reflectors must be visible from 500 feet at night and must be placed not less than 15 inches nor more than 60 inches above the ground. If the highest part of the permanent structure is less than 15 inches, the reflectors must be mounted as high as possible. Posting of Registered Gross Laden Weight The Utah State Tax Commission requires that every vehicle registered for 16,001 pounds or more have the weight for which it is registered displayed upon both the left and right sides of the vehicle. This can be done with paint, stencil, or decals. The information must be in letters not less than two inches high and placed in a location that is easily seen. EQUIPMENT The following list will serve as a handy guide to Utah’s equipment regulations. (An indicates equipment required for ALL motor vehicles.) Headlights All vehicles, except motorcycles, must have at least two operational headlights (one on each side) which are white in color and can shine 350 feet on high beam and 100 feet on low beam. All vehicles must have a high beam indicator light. Tail & Stop Lights Vehicles must have two red tail/stop lights mounted on the rear of the vehicle. The lights must be visible from 500 feet to the rear in normal sunlight. One tail/stop light is permissible on motorcycles and certain vehicles manufactured prior to 1956. 54 Vehicles with an overall length of 30 feet or more must have one amber reflector on each side of the vehicle located at or near the center of each side. The visibility and height requirements are the same. Clearance Lights Buses, R.V.s, and trailers 80 inches or more in width must have two amber lights on the front and one on each side. Two red lights are required on the rear and one on each side at the rear. Lights must be visible from 500 feet at night. Side Mark Lights Buses, recreational vehicles, and trailers 80 inches or more in width must have two side markers on each side (amber in front and red at the rear). The lights must be visible at night from 500 feet to the side.
Slide 61: Flags and Lights for Extending Loads Each vehicle which carries a load extending four feet or more beyond the bed or body of the vehicle must display two flags or lights located on the rear of the load. The flags may be used during daytime only and must be at least 12 inches square. Lights are for use during nighttime and must be visible for at least 500 feet. Some loads may also require red reflectors in addition to the lights. Red or Blue Lights Visible From the Front Red or blue lights that are visible from the front of a vehicle may not be used except by emergency, school, snow removal, or other authorized vehicles. Slow-Moving Vehicle Emblem All vehicles limited to speeds of 25 mph or less must display the approved red and orange emblem. The emblem should be placed at least three feet above the ground and as near as possible to the rear center of the vehicle. originally equipped with two windshield wipers, both must function properly. A wiper system with two or more speeds is required on all vehicles manufactured after 1967. Sirens, Whistles, and Bells Only authorized emergency vehicles may be equipped with sirens, whistles, or bells. Safety Chains or Cables All towed vehicles, in addition to regular hitches or couplings, must have one chain or cable strong enough to prevent the vehicles from separating. Pollution Control Devices Owners of vehicles equipped by the manufacturer with pollution control devices are required to keep and maintain the equipment as effective as the original equipment. NOTE: This law does not apply to vehicles altered to use propane, if the emissions meet all existing standards. Mud Flaps or Guards Any vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,500 pounds or more, any vehicle with altered suspension or tire size, or any trailer with an unladed weight of 750 pounds or more shall be equipped with wheel covers, mudguards, flaps, or splash aprons behind the rearmost wheels. The flaps or guards must be at least as wide as the tires and made of metal or flexible material which will prevent most road materials from being thrown into the windshield of any following vehicle. The ground clearance must not be more than 50% of the diameter of the wheel that is on the rearmost axle, nor more than one-fifth the distance from the center of the diameter of the rearmost axle to the flaps (see illustration below). Brakes All motor vehicles must have brakes which meet federal standards on all wheels. An exception to the law is any truck or truck tractor with three or more axles, which must have brakes on all wheels except the front wheels. NOTE: Consult the Utah Highway Patrol or the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration for brake requirements on trailers. Parking Brake All vehicles, except motorcycles, must be equipped with one functional parking brake. Horn All motor vehicles must have one functioning horn which must be heard under normal conditions from a distance of not less than 200 feet. Windshield A windshield is required on all vehicles except motorcycles. Windshield Wipers All vehicles with windshields must have at least one wiper adequate enough to clean rain, snow, or other moisture from the windshield. If your vehicle was Flares, Reflectors, Electric Lights, and Flags Trucks, truck tractors, and buses must have three flares, portable red emergency reflectors, or red electric lights and two red flags with standards. Emergency flares, reflectors, and lights must be capable of being seen and distinguished at a distance of not less than 600 feet. Flares must be capable of burning for twelve hours. Fusees must meet the New York Bureau of Explosives Standards and burn for at least 15 minutes. Vehicles transporting explosive or flammable materials may not use flares or fusees. 55
Slide 62: Fire Extinguisher Although fire extinguishers are not required for all vehicles, it is recommended that all drivers carry at least one. By stopping a fire in its early stages, you can avoid expensive property loss and prevent an extremely hazardous condition. Fire extinguishers, however, are not effective unless handled properly. DRIVING RULES REMEMBER: FLARES AND FUSEES MAY NOT BE CARRIED IN VEHICLES TRANSPORTING EXPLOSIVES, FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR COMPRESSED GAS. The following illustration summarizes placement of warning devices. Towing Vehicles On occasion, you may be called upon to tow another vehicle. In this situation there are only three rules to remember: 1. The draw-bar or other connections between any tow vehicles may not exceed 15 feet in length from one vehicle to the other. 2. When a connection consists of a chain, rope, or cable, there shall be a red flag or other signal attached to the connecting device. The flag shall be no smaller than 12 inches square (one foot square). 3. No person shall operate a train of vehicles when any trailer or other vehicle being towed whips or swerves dangerously or unreasonably from side to side. Listed below are a few additional points you need to know about the placement of warning devices: 1. On a one-way street, the rear flag should be placed 200 feet to the rear. 2. Warning devices need not be displayed if there is sufficient light to reveal persons or vehicles from 1,000 feet. 3. If your vehicle breaks down within 500 feet of a curve, hilltop, or something else that obstructs a clear view, the warning device in that direction shall be placed far enough away to give ample warning to approaching motorists. The warning device, however, may not be placed more than 500 feet away from the vehicle nor closer than 100 feet to the vehicle. NOTE: All warning devices must be placed in the center of the lane in which your vehicle is stopped. If your vehicle is entirely off the road, place the devices on the shoulder of the road as close as possible to the road surface. Safe Use of Flares and Fusees Warning devices such as flares and fusees are meant as safety aids. Do not let them become a safety liability. Careful and safe use of these devices involves: 1. Keeping the lighted end well away from your face and eyes. Fusees, especially, can cause bad burns. 2. Not attaching any flare or fusee to your vehicle. Not only is this a very dangerous action, but it is also illegal. 3. Keeping the burning flares or fusees away from fuel leakages and spills. Convoys, Caravans, and Motorcades If you are part of a convoy, caravan, or motorcade, you must allow sufficient space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead of you for an overtaking vehicle to pass you and safely occupy that space. You should always maintain a safe following distance, whether you are part of a procession or not. Placement of Warning Devices On occasion, your vehicle may break down on the road. It is important to know when and how to place the flares, flags, lights, etc. Warning devices must be displayed any time your vehicle is at least 80 inches wide or 30 feet long, and is disabled or stopped along the road for more than ten minutes. The warning devices are not required if you are: 1. Legally parked in an urban district. 2. Lawfully picking up or letting off passengers. 3. Stopped to avoid conflict with other traffic. 4. Complying with directions from a police officer or an official traffic control device. Two simple steps for placing warning devices in emergency situations are: 1. Immediately place a flare, lighted fusee, electric lantern, or emergency reflector to the side of the vehicle (in the direction of the nearest oncoming traffic). 2. Next, place flares, electric lights, or reflectors 100 feet to the front and rear of the vehicle. Also place a warning device on the traffic side of, and not less than 10 feet from, the rear of your vehicle. 56
Slide 63: Tire Fires Tire fires can be a serious problem for drivers. The best way to avoid this problem is to prevent it in the first place. The following hints are a few things you can do to decrease the chance of having a tire fire: 1. Check tires and brakes frequently for unusual heat. If any tires are soft or flat, change them. 2. Never drive for an extended period of time on a soft or flat tire or with a brake that is dragging. These situations can result in heat buildup and cause a tire fire. 3. Never ignore a tire that is hot. Either stay with the vehicle until the tire is cool or change it. 4. Remember to always release your parking brake before moving the vehicle. 5. Remain alert for potential problems from: • Brakes that are dragging or overheated. • Leaking oil seals that may splash oil on a hot tire. • Dual tires that are partially deflated. When this condition exists, your odds for a fire are very high. If a tire fire does occur, the following actions will help: 1. A large supply of water is probably the best remedy for a tire fire. If possible, get to a fire station for assistance. 2. Fire extinguishers are usually not very effective for this type of fire. Shoveling dirt on the tire can sometimes retard the fire enough for you to get the tire off. 3. If you cannot get the tire off, try driving until the tire burns off of the rim or until you reach a good source of water. This alternative is certainly better than just waiting. If you just sit and wait, your vehicle will probably burn up. 4. As a last resort, drop your trailer. By doing that, you will at least save one of the units. General Fire Information Not all fires will be tire fires and you need to be prepared for them when they do occur. Some general hints include: 1. Do not waste the contents of your fire extinguisher. The contents are limited, so take careful aim and make every burst count. 2. Fight fires with the wind at your back. If you are using an extinguisher, your efforts will be more effective and you will avoid having poisonous or caustic gases blown into your face. 3. Be familiar with different types of fires. For example, fighting a gasoline or oil fire with water will only spread the fire. Clearances As you drive, you need to be aware of the increased height, width, and length of your vehicle. Bridges, tunnels, and overhanging trees that were no problems when you were driving your car can be a definite safety hazard when driving a larger vehicle. Some precautions you can take include: 1. 2. 3. Knowing the dimensions of your vehicle. Squeezing through a tight place is risky. In those instances in which your clearance is less than six inches, be safe and slow down. Hazards such as rough roads might cause you to bounce into a low ceiling or swerve into a close wall. Being aware that some bridges and tunnels are not made for a car and a truck to pass through at the same time. If you have any doubts, let the other vehicle go through first. Keeping an eye out for fire escapes, low hanging tree limbs, and filing station canopies. Be especially alert when you bring your vehicle in for a test drive. A few of the driver license offices have canopies that are prime targets for unaware drivers. Cold Weather and Your Brakes In freezing weather a number of things can happen to your brakes. 1. They may be completely ineffective for several hundred feet, then suddenly grab as the friction dries out the brakes. 2. All moving parts can freeze solid resulting in the complete loss of brakes. 3. The brakes may not release once they are applied. To help prevent problems from occurring, lightly touch your brakes occasionally. Backing One final safety tip involves backing. When backing, you should use a guide if at all possible. Even if a guide is available, you should get out of your vehicle and look the area over before you begin to back. Never back an RV or any large vehicle into traffic. Rather, make sure that you initially park as shown below. 57
Slide 64: SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS 7. 1. During school hours, when children are going to (or leaving) school, the speed limit in a school zone is: A. 15 mph B. 20 mph C. 25 mph D. 30 mph If you arrive at an uncontrolled intersection at the same time as another vehicle: A. The largest vehicle has the right-of-way. B. The car on the left has the right-of-way. C. The car on the left shall yield to the car on the right. D. The car on the right shall yield to the car on the left. It is permissible to drive on the left half of the roadway: A. To reach a parking place on the other side of the road. B. When Crossing a railroad track. C. When passing a car going the same direction on a two-lane road with sufficient Clearance. D. On hills and curves. On a two-way street, uphill curb parking requires: A. Your steering wheel to be turned to the left. B. Your steering wheel to be turned to the right. C. Your right rear tire to be resting on the curb. D. That you leave six (6) inches between your car and curb. The recommended technique for parallel parking between two cars is too first: A. Turn your wheels to the left. B. Turn your wheels to the right. C. Pull up even with the front car. D. Back slowly. There may be times when driving 10 miles per hour is too fast for existing conditions. A. True B. False Use your lights anytime conditions keep you from seeing ahead: A. 1,000 feet. B. 500 feet. C. 300 feet. D. 200 feet. Unless otherwise posted, the speed limit in a residential area is: A.15 mph. B. 20 mph. C. 25 mph. D.30 mph. What are the maximum posted speed limits on the freeway? A. 45 mph or 55 mph. B. 50 mph or 60 mph. C. 55 mph or 70 mph. D. 65 mph or 75 mph. When approached by an emergency vehicle, the driver must immediately: A. Pull over to the right and stop. B. Pull over to the right and slow down. C. Pull to the right and put on your emergency flashers. D. Stop and let the emergency vehicle go around. 8. 2. 8. 9. 3. 4. 10. When following a vehicle at night, dim your lights when you are within ______ of the vehicle. A. 100 feet. B. 200 feet. C. 300 feet. D. 500 feet. 12. You are required to signal any time you pull away from the curb. A. True B. False 13. Do not pass a school bus when its red lights are flashing. A. True B. False 14. Do not pass: A. On hills or curves. B. When school bus lights are flashing. C. When approaching an intersection. D. All of the above. 5. 6. 1. B: 2. C: 3. C: 4. A: 5. C: 6. A: 7. A: 8. C: 9. D: 10. A: 11. C: 12. A: 13. A: 14. D. 58
Slide 65: FIELD OFFICES WHERE YOU MAY APPLY AND TAKE EXAMINATIONS FOR A DRIVER LICENSE Heber 69 North 600 West (full time office) Kanab Courthouse, 76 North Main Street (part time office) Loa 18 South Main Street (part time office) Logan 110 East 700 South (full time office) FOR INFORMATION CALL THE DRIVER LICENSE OFFICE NEAREST YOU: (Driving Tests by Appointment only) Beaver 105 East Center Street ((part time office) Blanding 151 East 500 North (part time office) Brigham City 285 West 1100 South (full time office) Cedar City 91 East Canyon Commercial Avenue (full time office) Delta #58 East Main St #2 (part time office) Dixie 102 South 5300 West, Hurricane (full time office) Ephraim #10 West 1st South (part time office) Fairpark 1095 West Motor Avenue (full time office) Farmington 631 North Lagoon Drive (full time office) Fillmore Library, 75 West Center Street (part time office) 59 Moab 1165 South HWY 191, Suite 8 (part time office) Nephi 146 North Main, Basement (part time office) Ogden 615 East 5300 South (full time office) Orem 759 North 1370 West (full time office) Panguitch Courthouse, 55 South Main Street (part time office) Price 940 South Carbon Avenue, Suite B (full time office) Richfield 1160 South Highway 118 (full time office) Roosevelt 30 West 425 South 330-10 (part time office) South Valley 14555 South Minuteman Drive, Draper (full time office) Tooele 1929 North Aaron Drive, Suite G (full time office) Full-time office - Monday through Thursday Part-time office - Schedules of days and hours are posted at courthouses or other locations where examinations are given. Due to reorganization within the Division, it is possible that some part-time locations will be closing in the near future; or that office hours or days of operation may be adjusted. We recommend that an individual contact our Customer Service Section at 801-965-4437 regarding office hours or closures or visit our website at www.driverlicense.utah.gov
Slide 66: Vernal 152 East 100 North (part time office) West Valley 2780 West 4700 South (full time office) EXPRESS OFFICE Small office which handle identification cards and driver license renewals requiring no tests or reinstatement fees. PROVO Utah Community Credit Union Bldg 1503 South 40 West Suite 250 Provo, Utah DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY DRIVER LICENSE DIVISION P.O. BOX 144501 SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84114-4501 (801) 965-4437 www.driverlicense.utah.gov 60