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Slide 2: “Bridging the Lexical Chasm in Course Books and Graded Readers” John Eldridge and Steve Neufeld 10th METU ELT Convention Ankara, May 2009
Slide 3: The lexical bang for your buck
Slide 4: The lexical bang for your buck
Slide 5: How much vocabulary does a proficient user of English need to know? • Around 95% (19/20 words) of any given text (Laufer, Hirsch and Nation) • Around 6000 word families (Nation)
Slide 6: Acquiring Vocabulary • Learners need at least 10 encounters with a particular item. • The further down frequency lists that a word occurs, the longer it will take for encounters to occur.
Slide 7: Vocabulary Explosion in L1
Slide 8: Bob McMurray mathematical model
Slide 9: McMurray effect observed in L2
Slide 10: Fast Mapping
Slide 11: Nature of fast mapping in L2
Slide 12: Prep School Purgatory
Slide 13: Do course books heed the research? Beg Elem Pre Int Total common words in the SUCCESS course book word lists Common words missing from the SUCCESS course book word lists BNL0 BNL1 BNL2 BNL3 BNL4 36 194 73 46 26 20 255 149 87 55 5 102 98 66 52 1 36 43 55 65 62 587 363 254 198 31 79 141 186 233
Slide 14: Graded Readers
Slide 15: Can graded readers fill the gap?
Slide 16: ‘Canned’ English
Slide 17: ‘Real’ English
Slide 18: The Nature of Vocabulary Knowledge • Reading-based approaches often seem to be predicated on passive acquisition. • But what about productive use? The knowledge of forms, collocations, registers, multi-word units, semantic relationships… • Really knowing a word can be quite an immense achievement.
Slide 19: The grim reality EMU is beatuful and premir university in Cyprus. but All lesson don’t prefer English. Because Some lesson don’t understand for ex History of Turkish. I thik Emu prep school not yet. Emu is advantages of English lesson. okey. English lesson good because English is today the day, very necessary good. For example Busines life use to English All time because I believe that people use English everywhere and country. Today, English is nesecary I prefer, Everywhere we speak English in university greenpine. Emu teacher don’t speak Englis some lesson and I don’t prefer this Conclusion. Emu is beatiful university in island. but The lesson used English very important, I used to work English everywhere.
Slide 20: What the research tells us… For learners to develop their vocabulary at speed, they need an approach that maximises exposure to the most frequent vocabulary items, and hence maximises incidental learning of vocabulary from a much earlier stage.
Slide 21: Project Aims were to Provide: • Repeated (10-12 encounters) of all the 2709 most common word families (BNL2709 list). • Opportunities to explore word families in depth. • Data-driven techniques to expose students to common collocations and more idiomatic uses. • The use of a Web 2.0 platform (MOODLE) and a social constructivist methodology to encourage peer learning.
Slide 22: Providing Lexical Coverage • 16 eReader units each providing 10-12 highlighted exposures to around 170-180 of the most frequently used words in English. • Full coverage at the end of the sequence of the full 2709 words in the BNL. • Piloted as part of a freshman English course at Eastern Mediterranean University.
Slide 23: eReader in MOODLE
Slide 24: The eReader hypertext view The cheetah is a member of the cat family. It is a poor climber that hunts by speed. It is the fastest of all land animals and can reach speeds of up to 105 kilometres per hour. It can accelerate from 0 to 110 kilometres per hour in three seconds.
Slide 25: The glossary CLIMB FAMILY WORDS: climbed, climber, climbers, climbing, climbs, unclimbed Learning the Word 1.First, read the entry for CLIMB in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Do this very carefully, and try and understand as much as you can from the entry. 2.Look at the way CLIMB is used in sentences by clicking CLIMB, climbed, climber, climbers, climbing, climbs, unclimbed, 3.(Advanced) Find words with similar meanings to CLIMB by using the thesaurus. Reviewing the Word Now complete the following cloze activity related to CLIMB. Practising the Word •Watch this video about Rex Pemberton, the youngest Australian to climb Mount Everest •In your BLOG write about either another remarkable achievement of this kind, or describe a special ambition of your own. •For more practice with CLIMB, don't forget to visit the Great Animals Vocabulary WIKI.
Slide 26: Blogging In your BLOG,share with us a recipe for a traditional meal from your country. Iam going to give you a recipe of a traditional meal for Adana.As it is know n from its name .I am going to recipe you Adana Kebap.I think, it is the most popular and well-known meal both in Turkey and in most Euorupe so we can say for Adana Kebap that it is both traditional and ınternational because of that reason preperation is the important process of it.not everybody can gril it as it needs to be mastered.what I mean is to be experienced.It includes onion,pepper ,greens and kinds of specions and corbined them together .than it is voited a day.ofter one day İt is grilled on the barbecue and served with soled,grilled ,pepper and tomato.It has also some kind of bread and it is usually eaten with a buttermilk that is mix of yogurt and water.It is very delicious that once you eat it. I am sure that you want to eat it one more time
Slide 27: The WIKI Ø t a When was the last time you felt really run down (i.e. very tired)? When was the last time you ran into someone you weren't really expecting to see (i.e. met by chance)? When was the last time you had to run fast for some reason? When was the last time you ran into a problem of some kind? What was it, and what did you do about it? k r e When i have returned to Cyprus after Bayram i felt run down I ran into my old teacher when i went to Istanbul for christmas last week. On monday,i was late for my first class and so i had to run fast.
Slide 28: Discussion Forums Serap: If I had 10 million dollars to spend on protection of animals I wouldn't spend it all for the animals in my country. I would build animal protection centers all around the world and support some funds. Yigit: I would definitely support a national park or some kind of wild-lifeenvironment area. Here is what I think if you set animals free the nature itself can protect them. We can't protect their species by keeping them "safe" in cages. Basak: If someone gave me ten million dollars, i would grant all of my money to THKD which is an association in Turkey for protecting animals. Salih: If I have ten million dollars, I could do natural wildlife area for animals in my country. I could organize Safari Tours. I could prove reproduction areas for endangered animals.
Slide 29: Reflections on ‘read and write’ I have started learnin English nine years ago. I learned vocabulary writing them which i learned at school. I think it is a very bad way to learn vocabulary. I think this 'read and write' method of learnin vocabulary is better than another method which i used to learn vocabulary in the past. I think i will remember all of the i have learned because it was a useful assignment and it wasn't boring. Of course, my ideas about what it means to know a word changed in any way during this project. I learned during this project that i don't know the real means of a lot of words and i have used them wrongly and i learned that my vocabulary capacity is very limitted. Now, i can use most of words correctly in a good sencentes. r
Slide 30: Reflections on ‘read and write’ I believe that "read and write" method of learning vocabulary is more effective than I learned vocabulary in the past, because I find lots of similar word and lots of examples. r
Slide 31: MOODLE glossary when I was reading information with glossary I understand that is very useful for students so I learned many new word this some of them protect, majority, chases , stripes, fences, throat, pinch .you by reading reading part you getting many experience how to use English learning new words Ø
Slide 32: MOODLE glossary 'Rate' is the best example for me to be given. Because i knew that rate's mean that percentage and ratio only. But there is a form such as firs-rate,second-rate and third rate. For example; first rate means that someone is the best about the action which he does. For example; when i said that i am a first-rate voleyball player, it's mean that i am very good at playing volleyball. On the other hand, third-rate is the opposite of first-rate. Third rate's mean that someone is the worst about the action which he does. When i learned it, i was very amazed. Ø
Slide 33: Students’ perspective
Slide 34: Implications • Web 2.0 allows students to become not only readers of text, but creators, and cocreators of text. • The recursive and non-linear nature of webbased reading enables exposure to target lexis to be multiplied with ease, in ways in which textbooks could not possibly compete.
Slide 35: Implications • The depth in which lexis can be explored is effectively infinite. • Technology provides a variety of activity and time-shifting no possible in traditional modes of delivery. • Learning materials in Web 2.0 are dynamic, unlike graded readers and textbooks which are static in nature.
Slide 36: Implications • Facilitate development of learner corpora. • Paves the way for ‘i-Corpora’ and the learner’s bank of their own language and development.
Slide 37: Links http://lexitronics.edublogs.org http://telcas.org/ereader email lexitronics@gmail.com