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Slide 1: The Roaring 20’s After today you should know: How women’s roles changed What major population shifts occurred How population shifts led to conflicts of values in America How fundamentalism influenced America
Slide 3: S - New Roles for Women Voting • 19th Amendment ratified in 1920 – gave women right to vote – Women soon elected to local and state offices • Nellie Tayloe Ross – WY • Miriam Ferguson – TX • Women generally voted the same as the men in their lives – Didn’t bring the change people had suspected
Slide 4: S & E – New Roles for Women Jobs • Many women resumed jobs during economic boom of the 1920’s – Mostly low paying professions • • • • Nursing Teaching Domestic servants Secretaries College • Women also started attending college in record numbers – Especially those in middle and upper class
Slide 5: The Flapper
Slide 6: S - The Flapper • Changing opportunities for women brought about changing attitudes – Including: basic rules defining proper behavior for women • The Flapper – Defied traditional ideas of proper dress and behavior – – – – – Cut hair Wore makeup Smoked cigarettes Drank alcohol Went out dancing all night – Became a new mode of popular dress
Slide 7: S – The Flapper • Also became a popular image reflecting the changes affecting women – Suggested freedom and independence • But some women didn’t approve, especially – Women in rural areas • Only seen pictures in magazines • Conflicted with conservative values – Older supporters of women’s rights • Thought flappers disgraced the work that had been done to advance the cause of women
Slide 8: S – New Roles for Women • But a woman’s major role was to care for children and the home • Still depended on men for financial support • Did seek greater equality in their relationships with men
Slide 9: G, S, R, I, E – Urbanization • Farmers experiencing hard times flocked to cities for new jobs • 1920 census showed for the first time that more Americans lived in urban areas than rural areas – http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/tabl – In 2008 – 79.2% urban, 20.8% rural – 75% of Americans worked somewhere other than a farm • Access to cars shrunk the distance between the country and the city – Rural people less isolated, changed outlook
Slide 10: S, I – Education • The shift to the cities provided access to education • States passed laws requiring young people to go to school – Got children out of factories – Opened up new jobs • School attendance, college enrollment increased
Slide 11: S – Intolerance • Urban and rural values clashed in the 20’s • Rural dwellers disapproved of many parts of urban life • Ku Klux Klan grew because of the differences in values – Drew lots of members from rural America • Believed they could preserve their place in society – Targeted AfricanAmericans, Catholics, Jews – Membership peaked in 1920’s • In the millions
Slide 12: How do people feel in times of change?
Slide 13: S, R – Fundamentalism • Changes of the time attracted many people to religion • FUNDAMENTALISM became very popular – Form of Christianity based on a literal interpretation of the Bible – Condemned radicals and criticized the changing attitudes of women • Prominent fundamentalist preachers – Billy Sunday • Former baseball player – Aimee Semple McPherson • Well known for healing the sick through prayer
Slide 14: S, I, P – Fundamentalism vs. Evolution • Fundamentalism conflicted with modern science – Especially Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution • Fundamentalists believed evolution undermined religious faith • Tried to prevent teaching evolution in schools • Several states passed laws outlawing teaching evolution • Law passed in Tennessee in 1925 made it illegal to teach evolution
Slide 15: S, I, P – Scopes Trial • Tennessee teacher John Scopes arrested for teaching evolution • People all over the country followed his court case • Guilt was never in question • Two important lawyers faced off: – Clarence Darrow defended John Scopes • Famous criminal lawyer • Argued that teaching evolution was a matter of free speech – William Jennings Bryan – • • • • 3 time candidate for president Fundamentalist Believer in rural values Argued that the ideas competed with Christianity
Slide 16: S, I, P – Scopes Trial • Scopes was convicted • 5 days later William Jennings Bryan died – Considered a hero • Law remained in place until 1960
Slide 17: The Scopes Trial
Slide 18: S, P - Prohibition • Through history many groups tried to outlaw alcohol • In 1900’s the Progressives tried to outlaw it • WWI led to support for the ban – Wartime called for discipline – Need for grain – Thought it was a source of unhappiness, hurt families, promoted crime
Slide 19: S, P – Prohibition • Bias against immigrants, city life supported argument • By 1917 over 50% of states passed some form of restriction on alcohol use – Encouraged by Fundamentalists – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVuwREbGh3w&feature=related – People said immigrants and urban dwellers were abusers of alcohol
Slide 20: S, P – Prohibition • 1917 – Congress proposed constitutional amendment making it illegal to manufacture, transport or sell alcohol • 1919 – Amendment ratified • 1920 – Volstead Act passed to enforce the amendment – Prohibition became the law of the land
Slide 21: Prohibition
Slide 23: S, P – Prohibition • Virtually impossible to enforce • Making, transporting, selling alcohol illegal, but drinking it was NOT • Gave rise to huge smuggling operations – 2nd biggest industry in Detroit in 1920’s – Smugglers - BOOTLEGGERS – Illegal bars that served alcohol – SPEAKEASIES
Slide 24: S, P – Prohibition • 1925 – only 5% of liquor entering country had been stopped • Illegal liquor business – foundation for great criminal empires • Federal government couldn’t compete with criminals • Prohibition continued through the 1920’s without success – Damaged government prestige – Al Capone – Chicago
Slide 25: Prohibition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJp3lnu-V-M&feature=PlayList&p=DFD79F9A222C8A9E&pla
Slide 26: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiYqFXmVAFg&featu • http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play?p=prohibition