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Slide 1: THE MYTHICAL MAN-MONTH ÈË Ô Éñ »° FREDERICK P. BROOKS, JR. ·-Òë £º Adams Wang
Slide 2: ¹ØÓÚ×÷Õß Frederick P. Brooks£¬ Jr.ÊDZ¿¨ÂÞ ÊÚ£¬±¿¨À´ÂÞÄÉóѧλÓùúÖݵ²é¼¶ûÏ¡ ϵͳ֮¸¡± ÔÚÉÏÊöîÄ¿µ½Ü³¹±×£¬Ëû¡¢ £¨ µÄÌåϽá¹Ê¦¡£ Ôڲ鼶ûÏ£¬ ËûÔøÈÎ »úÌåϵ½á¹¡¢·Ö×ÓÄ£ÐÍæ¼ºéâ¾³ Ö°ÓÚ ÃÀ¹ú ¼Ò¿Æ Brooks ²©Ê¿´Á¢Ë¼Æã»úѧϵ£¬ ¼¾ÖºÍ ¹ú·À ¿ÆÑ§¼ Êõί Ô±»á¡£ ²¢ÔÚ 1964 ÖÁ 1984 Äê ÆÚ¼äµ£ÈÎÖ÷ϯ¡ ѧºÍÐ ¾¿·½ ÏòÊǼÆËã £¬ Ëûµ£ÈÎÁ 360 ϵͳÄ-Àí£¬ÒÔ¼° Bob Evans ºÍ National Medal of Techology£© ¡£ ÔçÆÚ£¬ 360 ²Ù×÷ϵͳ Erich Bloch ÔÚ Brooks Ôøµ£ÈÎ ÏîÄ¿Éè¼Æ½×¶Îµ¾-Àí¡£ 1985 ÄêÈÙ»ñÁË IBM Stretch ºÍ ÃÀ¹ú¼ÒÊõ½± Harvest ¼ÆËã »ú À´ÄÉóѧ Kenan-Flagler ÉÌѧԺµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¿ Brooks ±»ÈÏΪÊÇ¡° ½Ì IBM 360 Brooks Ŀǰµ½Ì
Slide 3: 1975 Ä ê ° æ Ï × ´ Ç ÖÂÁ½Î»Ìرð·á¸ËÒ IBM ËêÔµÄÈ£º Thomas J. Watson, Jr.£¬ Ëû¶ÔÈÃǵĹػ³Ú«¾ÒÀÎÞù² ºÍ Bob O. Evans£¬ Ëû´óµ¨ÄÁì¼Ê¹¤×÷³ÉΪ̽ÏÕ¡£ 1995 Ä ê ° æ Ï × ´ Ç Ö Éϵ۴͸øÎÒÄÀñï¡£ Nancy£¬
Slide 4: Preface to the 20th Anniversary Edition£© ÁîÎÒ¾ªÆæºÍ¸ßÐ˵ÄÊÇ£¬ ÃǾ-³£Îʬ ÊÇÔõÑù¸Ä±äµ£¿¾¡¹ÜÎÒڻЩ½²×ÉÏ·ÖöýÕâ̬ë°Ëü´³Â Peter Gordon ÏÖÔÚÊÇ ³£ÄÍЬ¶ÔÎÒ°ïÖúºÜ´ó¡Ëû½¨éÃÇ×¼±¸»öîæ¾²-ÈÞ© Ö»ÊÇÔ-·â²¶¯µØÓ¡£¨³ýÁËÒЩϸÄÞÕ µÚ ÒªÎÊÌâ¡· ¾¿ºÏ×÷Õߣ¬Ò²ÊÇεÄÖ´ÐÃØé Ä¿¡£ 1987 Ä꣬ ¡¶Ã»ÓÐÒøµ¯¡·±»Ö¤Ã÷ÊǸ ÓÐÉ¿¶¯ Եģ¬Ëü ¤ÑÔÊ®Äê ÚûÓÐÈκ ±à³Ì¼ ÇÉÄܹ»¸øÈí¼þ Éú²ÂÊ´ø ÁËÔ½À´¶àÎÄ×ÖÉϵ¾çÒÕùÂÛ£¬±È¡ ÅúÆÀ×÷Á˵㬲¢¸üÐÂÔÚ ÔÚ×¼±¸¡¶ ʵºÍ·ñ¶¨ÁËÉÙýéÖÐÏÑÔĹÛ㣬 µØ·ÖÀ࣬¶ÔÎҴ˺ÜÓаïú¡Ú ÒýÀ´ÕùÂÛºÍÖ¤¾Ý£¬È»óµÃ½Ê¡¢·ñ¶¨¸üÐò«Á µÚ Ç×Éí¾ÄêÒÔÀ´£¬ ӦᣠÔÚÕâ´Î»Ø¹ËµÄ×¼±¸ ý³ÌÖУ¬ÎÒÕ ÁË »Ð© ý¹¤×÷ÔÚÈí¼þ¹¤³ÌÁìÓòµÄÅó Ñ£¬Õ÷Ç Ëûà µÄ -i- ¡¶ ÈËÔÂÉñ»° ÎÒÔÚ 1975 Äê Ìá³öµÄ¹ÛãºÍ½¨Ò飬 ÚÔ·¡ 20 ÄêºóÈÔ ÄЩÊÇÎÒÈÔ»¼á³Öµ£¬ È»¼ÌÐøÁ÷£¬ Ó¡Êý³¬¹ ÄЩÊÇÒѾ-¸±ä¹Ûµã£¬ ÁË 250,000ÈË £ ¡ Addison-Wesley µÄ³ö°æ»ï飬Ëû´Ó 1980 Ä꿪ʼºÍÎÒ¹²Â¡£Ëû ·Ç £¬²¢ÓøüеÄ˼ÏëÀ´©³ä¡ 16 ÕÂÖØÓ¡ ¡£ Õâ ÆªÎÄÕÂÀ´ ÁËһƪÔÚ ×Ô ÎÒÔÚ¹ú·À 1986 Äê ¿Æ Ñ§Î¯Ô±»á IFIPS »áÒéÉϵÄÂÛΡ¶ÃÓÐø¯£ºÈí¼þ¹¤³Ì¸ù±¾Í´ Ö÷ ³Ö¾üÓÃÈí ¼þ ·½ÃæÑо¿ ÏëºÍ¸ÐÊÜÄÇ©×ö¹ýµÈí¼þ´óî ʱ µÄ¾-Ñé¡£ ÎÒ µ±ÊÄÑÐ Robert L. Patrick °ïÖúÎÒ»Ø IEEE µÄ¡¶ ¼ÆËã»ú ¡·ÔÓÖ¾ØÁËÕâÆªÂÛÎÄ£¬Ê¹ü´«²¥µÃ¸ã µÄ À´ ÊýÁ¿¼¶ÉÏ µÄ Ìá¸ß¡£Ê® Äê ֻʣÏÂÒ Äê ÁË£¬ÎÒµÄ ¡·»¹Òª¶à£ò´ËÔÚµ Ô¤ ÑÔ¿´À°² È« ÁË 17 Õ£¬ÎҶԻЩ¹«¿ªµÄ ¡£ ¡¶Ã»ÓÐ Òø µ¯¡·¼¤Æð ÈËÔÂÉñ»° 1986 ÄêÌá³öµ¹Ûã¡£ ÈËÔÂÉñ»° ¡·µÄ»Ø¹ËºÍ¸üÐÂʱ£¬Ò»Ö ½øÐ µÄÈí¼þ¹¤³ÌÑо¿ºÍ - éÒѾ ÅúÆÀ¡¢ Ò²Ó°ÏìÁËΡ£ 18 ÕÂÁгö ÕâЩ¹ÛµãĸÅÒª£¬ÏÍû¥÷³ÂÊöÜ» °þÈ¥¸¨ÖúµÄÕùÂÛºÍÊý¾Ýó£¬ °ÑÄÇЩ¹Ûµã´ÖÂÔ Ö¤ 19 ÕÂÊÇÒ» Àú¡£ ÎÒ¾ÍÖ»ÊǽÌÚÈí¼þ¹¤³£¬ ÎÒÔÚ´ó Æª¸üеĶÌΡ£ ѧÀï ¹¤×÷£¬ ²»ÊÇ ¶ÁÕßÓ¦¸Ã×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ ÔÚ¹¤Òµ ²»ÔÙ×öÕâ·½ÃæµÄÑо¿¡£ ½ç£¬ ×öµÄÊÇ Ð¡¹æ й۵㲢»ÏóÔ-À´ÄÊéÒÑù×ΠģµÏî ÎÒÏÖÔÚµÄÑо¿ÁìÓòÊÇéâ»·³¼°Æä Ä¿£¬ ²»ÊÇ´ó ÏîÄ¿ ¡£×Ô 1986 µ±
Slide 5: Barry Boehm¡¢ Ken Brooks¡¢ McCarthy¡¢ David Parnas¡¢ ÕÂ½ÚøÐÁ˼ÊõÓ¹¤¡£ ¸Ð»ÎÒÔÚ¹ú·À¿ÆÑ§¯±á¾üÊÂÈí¼þ¤×÷éµÄͬ Hayes-Roth£¬ ÌØ±ðÊÇ ¶Ô 16 ÕµÄÛ ÎĽøÐÁ˼ÊõÓ¹¤¡£ £¬ËýÔÚһƪ David Parnas£¬ ¸Ð»ËûÃǵĶ´²ìÁ¦ºÍÉú¯Ïë·¨¡£ ÎÒ°ÑÈí¼þÊÌâ·Ö³É Earl Wheeler ºÍ Dick Case¡¢ James Coggins¡¢ »Ð Tom Demarco¡¢ Jim Edward Yourdonи£¡ Fay Eard ³öÉ«µØ¶ÔÐÂÄ Gordon Bell¡¢ Bruce Buchanan¡¢ Rick ¸Ð» ¡° ¸ù±¾µÄ Suzuki СÌáÇÙ Addison-Wesleys ³ö°æ ½ÌÓýµÄÂÛÎÖЦÃÁËÕâÑù·ö¨ Éç°´¹æ¶¨²»ÔÊÐíÎÒÏòËüµÄ©ÑÝÁ Norman Stanton ºÍÃÀÊõ °¡Íº±¡ Rebekah Bierly ¡± £¬ ÕâÊÇÜ Nancy ¡£ ´ÎÒªµÄ Greenwood Brooks µÄÆô·¢ ÔÚ ¹Ø¼ü½ÇÉ«µÄÔ±¤ÖÂл¡£ÓÁ¸öÈËÏ×ëÌðẴàÖ¸µ¼ ÌåºÍ°æÃ Ƭ£¨µ±Ê ¼ä£¬µ«ÎÒÓÀÔ¶¸Ð¤ÕâöÖæ¡ ÎÒ Herbert Boes¡£ Boes Éè¼ÆÁËÓÅѵķç¸ñ£¬ Òª Ö»ÓС°½¹ ÓÐÏëñÁ¦¡± ÓÍ ¡£ ¿Ó¡±ºÍ° ¸üÖØÒªµÄ 1975 Äê°æ ±¾µÄÐòÑÔÖ£¬ ËûÔÚÆÀ×¢Ê±ÌØðáµ½£º ÊÇ À¼ ˹´ó½Ìà £¬ËûÌá³ö ¡± ÁË µÄͼƬ£© ÖÁ¹ØÒª ¡£ µÄ Ѱ ½¨Ò飺Ϊ ÕÒâЩͼ ÿ Ƭ ¡°Ò³ Ò»ÕµĿª ʹÎҶ໨ ±ßµÄ¿Õ°×Òªí£¬ Í· ÁË ÅäÒ»·ùͼ Ò»ÄêµÊ± ×Ö Soli Deo gloria£-Ô¸Éñ¶ÀµÃÈÙÒ«¡£ ²éçê¶ûÏ£¬±¿¨ÂÞÀ´ÄÉ 1995 Äê 3 Ô F.P.B., Jr. - ii -
Slide 6: Preface to the First Edition£© ÔÚºÜ¶à·½Ãæ£¬¹ÜÀíÒ»¸ö´óÐ͵ļÆËã»ú±à³ÌÏîÄ¿ºÍÆäËüÐ Òµ Ä´ó ͹¤³ÌºÜÏàËÆ¡ª ±È ¶àÊý³ÌÐòÔ±ËùÈÏΪµÄ»¹ÒÆ£ ΪµÄ²î±ð»¹Ò´ó¡£ Õâ¸öÁìÓòµÄ֪ʶÔÚÀÛ»ý¡£ »áÒ飬 Ö÷Òª·´Ó³¸öÈ˹۵ãÄСÊé¿ÀǺϣ ËäÈ»ÎÒÔ-À´ÓʼÆãú¿Ñ§µÄ±à³Ì·½Ã湤×÷£¬«ÇÚ ºÍ¸ß¼¶ÓïÑÔ±àÒëÆ÷¿ª·¢³öÀ´µÄÊò£¬ÎÖ²Çþ¹Ü½Ãæ¤×¡Ú ³ÉΪ²Ù×÷ÏµÍ ¹ÜÀí OS/360 µÄ¾-Àí£¬·¢ÏÖÇ°Ð©ê½øÕ¹Ê±à³Ìç¸äÁ˺ܶ¡ OS/360 µÄ¿ª·¢ÊǺÜÓаïÖú¾-À£¬ ÖµÃ×ÔºÀĶ«Î÷¡£Ç¸öÏͳ°ü¨ÁËÜàÓÅÐãÉè¼ÆÊ©¬¹¦Ø ÌØ±ðÊÇÉè¸ÎÞ¹µÄäÈë³öºÍⲿÜÀí£¬ ÏÖÔÚÊÇ®·¿ÉµÄ£¬à±ÓЧºÍ³¨Ã¡ µ«ÊÇ£¬ ºÃ¡£ ÕâЩȱÏÝ·¢ÉúÔÚ ³ÙÁË£¬ µØÔËУ¬Ö±½·¢²¼Á¸´ÎÒºó¡ ¾ÍÏóµ±³õ½ÓÊÜ ÎÒ¿ªÊ¼·Öö Ã÷ ÓÚΪʲô±à³ÌÄÑÒÔ¹ÜÀíµ½Ë÷Ð⣬վéÇ»·ÝÙ𰸡 ÔÚÕâ´Î̽Ë÷ÖУ¬ÎÒºÍ F.M.Trapnell£¬ ½øÐÁ˳¤ À¨ M.I.T.µÄ ̸£¬ 1964-65 Ä ê µ Ä ´ÓÖÐÊÜÒæÁ¼¶à¡£ Bell µç»°ÊÑéÒÄ ¾-ÀíÖúÀí ÎÒ¶Ô±ÈÁËÆäû´óÐÍà³ÌÏîÄ¿µ¾-Àí½áÂÛ£¬ V.Vyssotsky£¬ - iii - ´ó ÔںܶàÁíÍâµÄ·½Ã棬 ËüÓÖвî±ð¡ªÈ´ó¶àÊý°Òµ¾-ÀíùÏ ÏÖÔÚ Ò²³ö°æÁ˻ЩÊé¼®ºÍÂÛÎÄ£¬ µ«ÊÇ»¹ÃÓгÉÍÄ·½¨À´ÏØø²ûö¡£ AFIPS£¨ÃÀ¹úÐÅÏ¢´¦íѧ»áÁªº£© ÒѾ-ÓÐÁË»©ÌÖÂÛºÍ ÌṩÕâÑùÒ»±¾ 1956-1963 Äê ¼ä×Ô¶¯¿ØÖƳÌÐò 1964 Ä꣬ÎÒ ËäÈ»Êǧ°ÜµÄ¡£ ÄǸöÍŶӣ¬ °üÀ¨ÎҵļÌȾ- Àí F. M. Trapnell£¬Óкܶà Ó¦ÃÔںܶàÁìò£¬ ±»ºÜ¶à¼Êõ¸ïÐÂ¹ã·´ÖÆ¡£ Ëü ²¢»ÊÇËùÓеÄŬÁ¦¶¼³É¹¡£ ËùÓÐ OS/360 µÄÓû§ºÜ Ïà±È֮£¬ ÓïÑÔ±àÒëÆ÷¾ÍºÃµ¶¡£ ¿ì¾ÍÄÜ·¢ÏÖËüÓ¦¸Ã×öµ ´ó¶àÊý ´ËÍ⣬ ¶øÇÒµÚ»´Î·¢²¼Ê±Äܺà Õâ¸ö²úÆ·¢¼Í Éè¼ÆºÍʵÏÖÄȱÝÔڿسÌÐòðÕ飬 1964-1965 ÄêµÉè¼Æ ÐèÒªµÄÚ´æ±È¼Æ»®Ö¶à£¬ ³É±¾Ò²ÊǹÀ¼ÆµÄºÃ¸¶£¬ ½×¶Î£¬ ËùÒÔÕâ¿Ï¶¨ÊÇεÄðÈ¡£ OS/360 µÄ ÈÎñʱÐ-É̺õģ¬ OS/360 µÄ¾-Ñé £¬¿´Äܲ»ÓÖÐѧµ½ÊùÀíºÍ¼õÉÏ̡رðÎÒªË OS/360 Èí ¼þ¿ª·¢ÖеĹÜÀí¾-ÑéÊdz£²»Í¬¡¶Ô ÔÚ 1965 ÄêÀ뿪 IBM ºó£¬ ÎÒÀ´µ½²éçê¶ûÏ£ ¡£ System/360 Ó²¼þ¿ª·¢ºÍ Tom Watson ¹Ø R.P.Case£ ¬ » ¹ ÓÐ 1965-68 Ä ê µ Ä ¾ - Àí °ü F.J.Corbato£¬ International Computers
Slide 7: Limited µÄ µÄ Charles Portman£¬ËÕÁª¿Æ ѧԺÎ÷²®ÀûÇ·Ö¿¼ÆËãʵéÒÄ A.P.Ershov£¬ºÍ IBM A.M.Pietrasanta¡£ ÎÒ×Ô¼ºµÄ½áÂÛÌåÏÖÔÚ ÂÃæµÄÎ ×Ö Ð£¬Ë͸øÖ°Òµ³ÌÐòÔ±¡¢Ö°Òµ¾-Àí¡¢ÌØ±ðÊdz ÐòÔ±µÄ Òµ¾-Àí¡£ ËäȻд³öÀµÄÊÇ·ÖëÕ½ڣ¬ ÎÒÏàÐÅÓÉÚÈËÔ±µÄ·Ö¹¤£¬ ÊÇά³Ö²úÆ·×ÔÉíµÄ¸ÅîÍêÕûС£ Èí¼þ¹¤³ÌÜÀµÄÆäËû·½Ãæ¡£ Õâ¸öÁìÓòµÄÎ Ïײ¢ »¶à£¬µ«É¢²¼ºÜ¹ã¡£Òò´ËÎ ³¢ÊÔ¸ø ö²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ£¬ËµÃ÷ij¸öÌØ¶¨Öª µãºÍÖ¸ÒýÐËȤĶÁÕߥ¿´ÆäûÓù×÷¡£ ³öÁ˺ÜÓаïÖúµÄÒâ¼û¡£ º¬ÔÚÊéÖС£ ÒòΪÕâ±¾Êé ÇËæ ²»Ê ¿Î±¾£¬ËùÓеIJο¼ Ï×ºÍ ¢½â¶¼±»·Åµ½Êé Ä ©Î²£¬½¨Òé¶ÁÕß ¶ÁµÚÒ»±éÊÂÔÈ¥²¿´¡£ ÉîÇи» Sara Elizabeth Moore С½ã£¬ David Wagner ÏÈÉú£¬ºÍ Rebecca Burris ·òÈË£¬ ÔÚ ÕâЩҼûºÜÓÛÖµ£¬ µ«ÎªÁ˲»´òÂÒÄ×Öͨ³£¬ ºÜ¶àÅóÓÑÁ¹ý˱¾ÊéµÄָ壬 ÎÒ°ÑËüÃÇ×÷ª¢½â ÆäÖÐÒ»©ÅóÓѸø ʶ ´óÐͱà³ÌÏîÄ¿Åöµ½¹ÜÀíÎÊâº¡Çøð£» ÕâЩ½ÚÌÖÁËÆäµÄÀ§ÑºÍ¾ö·¨¡£ ºóÐøµÄÕ½ÚÌÖ »¹ÊÇÓÐÒ¸öÖĵÂÛ㣬 ÌØ±ð°üº¬ÔÚµ 2-7 Õ¡£ ÎÒÏàÐŹؼüèª ¼òÑÔ Ö® £¬ Ö° ËûÃǰïÖúÎÒ×¼±¸ÁÊ塣л Joseph C.Sloane ½ÌÊÚÔͼâ·ÃæµÄ¨Òé¡£ ²éçê¶ûÏ£¬±¿¨ÂÞÀ´ÄÉ 1974 Äê 10 Ô F.P.B., Jr - iv -
Slide 8: Contents£© ¶þÊ®ÖÜÄê µÚÒ»°æÐò Ŀ¼£¨ ½¹ÓÍ¿ £¨ ±à³ÌϵͲúÆ· Ö°ÒµÄÀȤ ְҵĿàÕ ÈËÔÂÉñ»° ÀÖ¹Û÷Òå ÈËÔ ϵͳ²âÊÔ ¿Õ·ºµÄ¹ÀËã ÖØ¸´²úɵĽø¶ÈÔÑ Íâ ÎÊÌâ ¿Æ ÊÖ £¨ ¼Í Äî°æÐòÑÔ ÑÔ £¨ £¨ PREFACE TO THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION£© ...................... I PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION£© ............................................................ III CONTENTS£© ..................................................................................................................... V ..............................................................................................................1 THE TAR PIT£© ...............................................................................................................................1 ...................................................................................................................................3 ...................................................................................................................................4 THE MYTHICAL MAN-MONTH£© ...........................................................................6 .......................................................................................................................................7 ...............................................................................................................................................8 .....................................................................................................................................10 ................................................................................................................................. 11 .................................................................................................................12 Êõ¶ÓÎé £¨ THE SURGICAL TEAM£© ...............................................................................16 .............................................................................................................................................16 .............................................................................................................................17 MILLS µÄ½¨Òé ÈçºÎÔË×÷ .....................................................................................................................................20 ÍŶӵÄÀ©½¨ .................................................................................................................................21 ¹ó×å ¨ÖÆ¡¢ ÃñÖ÷Õþ Î ºÍ ϵͳÉè¼Æ £¨ ARISTOCRACY, DEMOCRACY, AND SYSTEM DESIGN£© ........................................................................................................................................................22 ¸ÅÄîÒ»ÖÂÐÔ »ñµÃ¸ÅÄîÍêÕûÐÔ ¹ó×å¨ÖÆÍ³ÎºÃñ÷Õþ Ôڵȴýʱ£¬ÏÖËÓ¦¸Ã×ö²¿ »-ÉßÌí×ã ½á¹Ê¦µÄ»¥×¼ÔòºÍúÖÆ ×ÔÂÉ¡ª¿·¢µÚ¶þ¸öÏͳËù´øÀĺó¹û ¹á³ Ö´Ð Îĵ»¯¹æ¸ñËÃ÷¡ªÊÖ²á ÐÎʽ»¯¶¨Òå Ö±½ÓÕûºÏ »áÒéºÍ´ó ¶àÖØÊµÏ £¨ £¨ .................................................................................................................................22 .....................................................................................................................23 .........................................................................................................24 .........................................................................................26 THE SECOND-SYSTEM EFFECT£© ......................................................................29 .........................................................................................................29 .................................................................................30 PASSING THE WORD£© ..........................................................................................33 .....................................................................................................33 .................................................................................................................................34 .....................................................................................................................................36 .................................................................................................................................36 .....................................................................................................................................38 -v-
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