Slide 1: Youth and ill health trends Youth accident and ill health trends from the Risk Observatory the Risk Observatory from
Slide 2: OBJECTIVES of the OBSERVATORY
To identify new and emerging risks (N&ER) Three methodologies / dimensions: o Past: analysis of historical data & trends o Present: monitor OSH in ‘real time’
o Future: forecasting methodologies Identify areas/issues where more information needed
Slide 3: 4 LEVELS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Collect data : networks Analyse the data and put it into context Disseminate : web-site, reports Stimulate debate : expert groups, seminars
Slide 4: AIMS
Provide research findings and expert views Assist early identification of risks Encourage more effective and better-planned OSH research and prevention
Slide 5: Young workers - employment
The proportion of young workers is decreasing: this can be observed in almost all of the Member States. In the EU-25, unemployment rates of young workers are on average twice as high as the total unemployment rates. In 2005, 11.1 million young men and 9.3 million young women were working within the EU-25.
Slide 6: Young workers - employment
Young workers are less often in full-time employment (72% vs. 82%), more often on temporary contracts (39% vs. 14%), and more often salary workers (94% vs. 83%). Highest proportion of young workers in “Hotels and restaurants” (22.7%) and “Trade” (16.3%) respectively.
Slide 7: A gr i
10
15
20
25
0
ea
5
E le ct ri
M an u
cu l tu re
8.5
fa ct ur
10 5.8 12.5 16.3 22.8 7.6 7.9 9.1 6.4 4.6 7.5 13.7
Young workers – main employment sectors
ci in ty ,g g as ,w at W er C h ol on es st al ru e ct a io nd T n ra re ns ta H po il ot tr rt el ad ,s se to re ra st au ge ,c ra nt om s F m in an un ic ci a al tio in n te rm R P ed ea ub ia le lic tio st ad n a te m ,r in is en tr tin at g io n ,d ef en ce H ea E du l th ca an ti o O d n th so er ci co al m w m o rk un ity se rv ic e
Slide 8: 10
15
20
25
Legislators, 2.5 senior officials,
3.3
Professionals
Technicians, 8.4 associate professionals
12.3
Clerks
0 Service 20 workers, shop-market Skilled 8.6 agricultural, fishery Craft and related trades workers Plant and 8.7 machine operators Elementary occupations 13.4 13.1
5
Young workers – main occupations
18.1
Armed forces
Slide 9: Young workers - working conditions
In 2005, one in four young workers had a part-time job within the EU-25. The proportion ranged from 2.2% in Slovakia to 68.6% in the Netherlands Young people do more shift work and have more irregular working hours. Saturday work is more common among young workers: 53.9% work at least one Saturday per month. Young workers more than most are working at very high speed and to tight deadlines
Slide 10: Young workers – exposure to physical risk factors
15-24 12 10 8 6 4 2 substances Inhalation Vibrations vapours/ dangerous Noise Heat Cold 0 Handling fumes 11 10.7 Total 9.8 10 9.6 7
8.7 5.9 4.5 4.1
5 4.8 1.8 1.7 Radiation
Slide 11: Young workers – exposure to physical risks (ESWC 2000)
Young workers: o are slightly more exposed to vibrations than the average working population. (9.8% compared to 8.7%) o are slightly more exposed to noise (11% compared to 10.7%) 30.5% (compared to 28.9%) exposed at least 25% of the time to loud noise o in call centres are especially at risk of suffering acoustic shock injuries.
Slide 12: Young workers – exposure to risks (ESWC 2000)
Young workers o carry out more repetitive movements and short repetitive tasks (35.8% compared to 30.5%) o are more likely to carry or move heavy loads than the average working population (12.5% compared to 10.6% ) o are more exposed to painful positions (40.2% compared to 36.0%)
Slide 13: Young workers – exposure to risks (ESWC 2000)
15-24 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Painf ul positions Heavy loads Repetitive w ork 18 17.5 12.5 10.6 total 35.8 30.5
Slide 14: Young workers – exposure to dangerous substances
NL: About 15% of young workers exposed to dangerous substances, compared to 7% DE: About 20.9% of young workers report working with oil, grease, soil and dirt, compared to 18.1% FR: Workers under 25 are exposed to carcinogenic substances more than others. Young apprentices or those under a training contract are most often exposed.
Slide 15: Young workers – exposure to dangerous substances
ES: Young apprentices and those with training contracts most often exposed to carcinogens (19%). Large proportion in maintenance (installation, adjustment and repair work), with a risk of exposure to carcinogens 1.5 times higher than in production and 4 times higher than in handling, warehousing or transport. Workers exposed in maintenance activities more often in contact with one or more carcinogens: 46% exposed to two substances or more, compared with 30% in production and 22% overall .
Slide 16: Young workers – Violence, harassment
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1995 2000 1995 2000
Physical violence f rom people w ithin w orkplace Physical violence f rom people outside w orkplace Intimidation Unw anted sexual attention
15-24
15-64
Slide 17: Young workers – psychosocial risks
Rates of violence in retail are rising and contribute significantly to fatal accidents in this sector Violence and stress at work are more present in the service and hotel industry because of the large amount of direct contact with the public (customers) and high work demand.
Slide 18: Young workers - Gender differences
Young men especially appear to be a risk group for safety at work. A young woman with a precarious job in the hotel and service industry is many times more likely to be exposed to the risk of sexual harassment than the average worker.
Slide 19: Young workers – health problems
FIN: A quarter (18/74) of hairdressers’ occupational diseases in 2002 were caused by repetitive strain ES: more than 75% of new declared occupational diseases among young workers in 2004 musculoskeletal diseases DE: second-largest proportion of occupational disease among young workers (1980-2004) allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, at 5.6% for the 15-19 age group and 14.7% for the 20-24 age group
Slide 20: C ar d io va
18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00
sc u la r di s
H ea ri ng d is ar y di s l d is P u lm o n M u sc ul o sk el e ta
S tr e ss , de p re ss io n, a nx ie b ac h e ,e le ye s as e di se us ct io
In fe
S H ea d ki n pr o
ty m
s st ra O th U e ns r p e ci f ie T o
Young workers - self-reported health problems (LFS 1999)
% cases within young workers
in d ta l
Slide 21: Young workers - Self-reported health problems (LFS 1999)
86.5% of all self-reported pulmonary disorders that cause more than two weeks’ absence, are reported by young workers aged 24 years and younger. Nearly half of all self-reported health problems due to stress, depression and anxiety, and which cause more than two weeks’ absence, are reported by young workers aged 24 years and younger (48.9%)
Slide 22: Young workers – Accidents
According to European data, young workers have higher non-fatal accident rates compared to the average working population. In 2003, 4.7% of young workers aged 18-24 years had an occupational accident with more than 3 days lost, compared to an average of 3.3%.
Slide 23: Young workers – Accidents (ESAW)
Slide 24: Young workers - Accidents
FR: Young workers accounted for 23% of reportable occupational accidents in 2003 BE: Young workers, aged 15-24 years, account for 20% of the accidents with more than 3 days lost. PL: 27.1% of all accidents happen to young workers aged up to 29 years. NL: risk for young people, aged 20-24, is twice as high as the average.
Slide 25: 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
ul tu re
A gr ic
E le ct ric ity , ga s, w at er su pp ly tu rin g
M an uf ac
C W ho le sa le an d re ta il tr ad e on st ru ct io n
H T ra ns po rt ,s an d re st au r an ts co m m un ic at io n ia li nt er m ed ia tio n; r ea le st at e in an c to ra ge , ot el s
Young workers - Accidents by sector (ESAW)
F
<18
Total
18-24
Slide 26: Conclusions for research and prevention
Obtain a profile of risks to young workers: o dangerous substances, esp. biological agents, carcinogens and reprotoxicants, o noise and vibration, o physically strenuous working conditions
o psychosocial risks, incl. violence and bullying
Slide 27: Conclusions for research and prevention
Assess the importance of specific risks to young workers in the high employments sectors, with a special focus on service sectors Target risk reduction policies for work-related accidents to young workers Rehabilitation and employability policies for injured workers also need to be refocused to include young workers
Slide 28: Conclusions for research and prevention
Target sectors where young workers are most at risk; Target the most prevalent risks for awareness raising among employers and the young workers themselves; Develop effective training methods for a diverse young working population, which includes for example young migrant workers.
Slide 29: Conclusions for research and prevention
Assess gender differences and the importance of risks to young women and men; Integrate OSH into training courses for traditional work areas, such as construction or manufacturing Equal attention needs to be given to “typically female” vocational training. Include diversity issues into awareness raising, training and prevention, e.g. for young migrant workers; Mainstream OSH into education at all levels.
Slide 30: Conclusion for prevention – specific needs
Remember that it’s not a homogenous group, specific needs of specific groups (male/female, migrant, etc.) Pay special attention to part-timers and temporary workers: specific guidance should be given to employers, inspectors and preventive services Include young workers’ issues into guidelines on shiftworking
Slide 31: Conclusions for research and prevention
Target employment agencies to raise awareness about the risks young workers are exposed to; Cooperation across policy areas (public health, combating child labor, transport safety) Train inspectors on where and how most young workers are employed and which risks they face
Slide 32: Thank you for your attention!
