Slide 1: Hacking Hardw are
Some materials adapted from Sam Bowne
Slide 2: Physical access
Lock bumping: see next slides. Don't rely solely on locks: use two-factor authentication
– PIN keypad – Fingerprint – Security guard
Cloning access cards: not so easy.
Magstripe vs RFID cards Open RFID reader, and a RFID hack reader and writer.
Slide 3: Normal Key
Slide 4: Bump Key
Every key pin falls to its lowest point The key is hit with a screwdriver to create mechanical shocks The key pins move up and briefly pass through the shear line The lock can be opened at the instant the key pins align on the shear line
Slide 5: Even Medeco locks used in the White House can be bumped
Slide 6: Magstripe Cards
ISO Standards specify three tracks of data There are various standards, but usually no encryption is used
Slide 7: Magstripe Card Reader/Writer
USB connector About $350
Slide 8: Magnetic-Stripe Card Explorer
Slide 9: Hacking RFID Cards
RFID cards use radio signals instead of magnetism Now required in passports Data can be read at a distance, and is usually unencrypted Mifare is most widely deployed brand of secure RFID chips (vulnerabilities).
Slide 10: Cloning Passports
$250 in equipment Can steal passport data from a moving car
Slide 11: Boston Subw ay Hack
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority claims that they added proprietary encryption to make their MiFare Classic cards secure But Ron Rivest's students from MIT hacked into it anyway
Slide 12: ATA Hardrives
Bypassing ATA password security
• Two kinds of ATA (AT Attachment ) interfaces are used • PATA (Parallel ATA)
– IDE is now called PATA
• SATA (Serial ATA)
– Newer and faster than PATA
Slide 13: ATA Security
Requires a password to access the hard disk Virtually every hard drive made since 2000 has this feature It is part of the ATA specification, and thus not specific to any brand or device. Does not encrypt the disk, but prevents access Countermeasures • Don't trust ATA Security • Encrypt the drive with Bitlocker, TrueCrypt, PGP, etc.
Slide 14: ATA Passw Virus ord
ATA Security is used on Microsoft Xbox hard drives and laptops BUT desktop machines' BIOS is often unaware of ATA security An attacker could turn on ATA security, and effectively destroy a hard drive, or hold it for ransom The machine won't boot, and no BIOS command can help This is only a theoretical attack at the moment
Slide 15: Bypassing ATA Passw ords
Hot Swap
With an unlocked drive plugged in, enter the BIOS and navigate to the menu that allows you to set a HDD Password Plug in the locked drive and reset the password
Use factory default master password
Not easy to find Some examples given in 2600 magazine volume 26 number 1
Slide 16: Bypassing ATA Passw ords
Vogon Password Cracker POD
Changes the password from a simple GUI Allows law enforcement to image the drive, then restore the original password, so the owner never knows anything has happened Works by accessing the drive service area
A special area on a disk used for firmware, geometry information, etc. Inaccessible to the user
Slide 17: U3: Softw on a Flash Drive are
Carry your data and your applications in your pocket! It’s like a tiny laptop!
USB drives
Slide 18: U3 Launchpad
Just plug it in, and the Launchpad appears Run your applications on anyone’s machine Take all data away with you
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Slide 19: How U3 Works
The U3 drive appears as two devices in My Computer A “Removable Disk” A hidden CD drive named “U3” The CD contains software that automatically runs on computers that have Autorun enabled For more details, see http://www. everythingusb.com/u3.html
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Slide 20: Hacking Softw On The Disk are Partition
PocketKnife is a suite of powerful hacking tools that lives on the disk partition of the U3 drive Just like any other application You can create a custom file to be executed when a U3 drive is plugged in Or replace the original CD part by a hack.
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Slide 21: U3 PocketKnife
Steal passwords Product keys Steal files Kill antivirus software Turn off the Firewall And more…
Slide 22: Military Bans USB Thumb Drives
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Slide 23: USB drives Risk Reduction
Traditional
Block all USB devices in Group Policy Disable AutoRun Glue USB ports shut (?!?!)
Better Solution: IEEE 1667
Standard Protocol for Authentication in Host Attachments of Transient Storage Devices USB devices can be signed and authenticated, so only authorized devices are allowed in Windows 7, Linux.
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Slide 24: Default Configuration
Example: ASUS Eee PC Rooted Out of the Box The Eee PC 701 shipped with Xandros Linux The Samba file-sharing service was on by default It was a vulnerable version, easily rooted by Metasploit Easy to learn, Easy to work, Easy to root
Slide 25: Default Passw ords
Many devices ship with default passwords that are often left unchanged
Especially routers (seen before)
Slide 26: ATM Passw ords
In 2008, these men used default passwords to reprogram ATM machines to hand out $20 bills like they were $1 bills
Slide 27: Bluetooth Attacks
Bluetooth supports encryption, but it's off by default, and the password is 0000 by default
Slide 28: Reverse Engineering Hardw are
Mostly an engineering endeavor
Mapping the device Sniffing the bus data firmware reversing JTAG -- testing interface device for printed circuit boards.
Read the book for more details.
