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Slide 1: Chapter 1 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Click Psychology:to edit Master subtitle style Yesterday and Today “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 2: What Is Psychology?  Psychology is the science1 of mental processes and behavior. 1Systematic knowledge gained through observation and experimentation. © Allyn & Bacon 2007 “Copyright
Slide 3: Levels of Analysis The brain The person The group “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 4: Is psychology all common “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 5: The Evolution of a Science  Structuralism • Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Titchener (student of Wundt) • Focused on identifying the “building blocks” of consciousness (sensations & feelings) • Introspection: Looking within  Not objectively verifiable • Wundt set-up 1st Psychology Lab in 1879 “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 6: The Evolution of a Science  Functionalism • William James • Influenced by Charles Darwin  Studied how consciousness helped an individual survive and adapt to an environment  Animal observations provide clues for human behavior • James set-up the first psychology laboratory in America “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 7: The Evolution of a Science  Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer • Focused on consciousness and principles of perceptual organization  The whole is greater than the sum of its parts “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 8: The Evolution of a Science  Psychodynamic Theory • Sigmund Freud • The mind has separate components  Conscious and unconscious components • Much of behavior in influenced by the unconscious • Psychoanalysis “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 9: The Evolution of a Science  Behaviorism • • • • • • John Watson & B. F. Skinner The mind cannot be observed Behavior can be observed Science should study the observable Reinforcement Stimulus-response “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 10: The Evolution of a Science  Humanistic Psychology • Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow • Client-centered therapy • We strive for self-actualization “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 11: The Evolution of a Science  The Cognitive Revolution • Alan Newell & Herbert Simon • Focus on mental processes (information processing) • Computer metaphor • Cognitive neuroscience “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Slide 12: The Evolution of a Science  Evolutionary psychology • Lida Cosmides, John Tooby, David Buss, & Steven Pinker • Evolutionarily successful cognitive strategies and goals survived • Cultural universality “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007