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Slide 1: Turban, Aronson, and Liang Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Seventh Edition Chapter 8 Enterprise Information Systems © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-1
Slide 2: Learning Objectives • • • • • • • • • • Learn the basic concepts in enterprise information systems. Determine how to extract information needs for a DSS. Compare features and capabilities of EIS and DSS. Learn the relationship between and amongst business intelligence/DSS systems. Understand the capabilities of enterprise information portals. Examine supply chain management issues. Discuss customer relationship management concepts. Understand how the Web impacts EIS, and vice versa. Describe how EIS has improved decision making. Learn emerging and future EIS. © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-2
Slide 3: United States Military Turns to Portals Vignette • Implement Web-based portals to enhance communications • Allows quick dispersal of combat intelligence • Improve quality of life issues • Connect support applications with tactical applications © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-3
Slide 4: Enterprise Information Systems • Executive information system – Computer system that allows executives access to management reports • Drill-down capabilities • User-friendly • Executive support systems – Comprehensive executive support system • Includes communication, office automation, analysis support, business intelligence • Enterprise information systems – Corporate-wide system – Not restricted to executives – Business intelligence © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-4
Slide 5: Information Flows • Internal information from functional units • External information from Internet, news media, government – Environmental scanning © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-5
Slide 6: Capabilities of Enterprise Information System • Drill-down paths – Supported by star or snowflake schemas • Critical success factors – Strategic, managerial, or operational – Sources: organizational, industrial, environmental – Types of information monitored: • • • • • Key problem narratives Highlight charts Top level financials Key factors Detailed key performance indicator responsibility reports 8-6 © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
Slide 7: Capabilities of Enterprise Information System, continued • • Status Access – Relevance of latest data of key indicators Analysis – Built-in analytical functions – Integration with DSS products – Analysis by intelligent agents • • • • Exception reporting – Management by exception to standards Navigation of information – Large amounts of data can be analyzed Audio and Visual – Use of colors and sounds Communications – E-mail, GSS, news groups, interface with voice mail © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-7
Slide 8: © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-8
Slide 9: Comparing EIS to DSS • EIS – Supports upper management in discovering problems and opportunities – Repetitive analysis – High speed – GUI based • DSS – – – – Analyzes specific problem or opportunity Ad hoc analysis Effective May have GUI • Integration – Uses EIS output to launch DSS • Data from same places – Integrates user roles – Third party software © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-9
Slide 10: © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-10
Slide 11: EIS Data Access and Use • Data usually comes from single warehouse – Advanced data visualization – Combines multidimensional analysis with OLAP • Spreadsheets and graphics • Slice and dice • Web ready © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-11
Slide 12: Enterprise Portals • Corporate portals • • • • • • • Integrate internal and external applications Web-based interface Effective distribution of information Encourage collaboration Data visualization tools Customized Search engines © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-12
Slide 13: Soft Information • Information for questionable sources that is used informally – Vague – Unofficial – News reports and external data sources – Predictions and speculations – Explanations and justifications – Opinions and gut feelings – Rumors and hearsay © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-13
Slide 14: Organizational Decisional Support Systems • Focused on organizational task or activity – affects several units • • • • • Cuts across hierarchy layers Cuts across functional groups Computer based Communication technology Can be integrated into a DSS or EIS 8-14 © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
Slide 15: Supply Chains • Old – Supply chain • Material flow from sources to finished product and disbursement within the organization – Demand chain • Order generation, taking, and fulfillment • New – Flow of material, information, services from suppliers through manufacturer to end user • Supply chain management – Planning, organization, and coordination of supply chain activities • • • • Increase effectiveness Reduce risk Decrease cycle time Improve customer service 8-15 © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
Slide 16: Supply Chains • • • Upstream = suppliers Internal supply chain = changing inputs to outputs Downstream = distribution © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-16
Slide 17: Value Chains • Porter’s value chain model – Primary activities • • • • • • • • • Inbound logistics Operations Outbound logistics Marketing and sales Customer service Organization’s infrastructure Human resource management Technology development Procurement 8-17 – Support activities © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
Slide 18: Value System • Value chain is part of larger stream called value system – Includes tiers of suppliers – Value chains of distributors – Buyers – Extended supply chain – Maximize and optimize total value of chain © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-18
Slide 19: Supply Chain Problems • Uncertainties – Demand forecasts – Delivery time – Quality issues • Need to coordinate activities • Other issues – Poor customer service – Obtaining real time data on chain status – Cultural problems © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-19
Slide 20: Supply Chain Problem Solutions • Solutions – – – – – – – – – Inventory management Shipping management Efficient purchasing JIT CRM Collaboration along chain Strategic partnerships Reduce number of intermediaries Outsourcing 8-20 © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
Slide 21: Material Resource Planning • MRP system – Production plan for 100% capacity • Inventory models • Master production schedule • Component lists • CRP system – Added factory and machine capacities • MRPII system – Added financial and resource planning © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-21
Slide 22: Integration • Tangible benefits: – – – – – – – – Inventory reduction Personnel reduction Improved productivity Cost reductions Increased revenues Delivery improvement Order management Reduction in maintenance • Intangible benefits: – – – – – – – Visibility of information Improved processes Better customer service Standardization Flexibility Globalization Improved employee satisfaction – Increased business performance © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-22
Slide 23: Enterprise Resource Planning • ERP – Computer system that integrates all of an organization’s departments and functions • • • • • • • • Shortens production times Based on value chain view Decreases costs in chain Expensive Increases customer service Single interface Facilitates business process changes Automates key business processes – SCM provides intelligent decision support • Overlay ERP • Advanced planning and scheduling modules © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-23
Slide 24: Enterprise Resource Planning • Options – Build your own – Off-the-shelf packages – Outsource • Application Service Providers • Problems – High failure rate – ERP is a formal business process – Organization’s processes don’t match the ERP’s – Software capability and needs vary © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-24
Slide 25: Customer Resource Management Systems (CRM) • Enterprise approach • Communication based • Focused on: – – – – Customer acquisition Customer retention Customer loyalty Customer profitability • Empowers employees • Enables one-to-one marketing • Allows for proper allocation of resources to each customer class © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-25
Slide 26: CRM • Relationship technologies – Data warehouses – Foundation for CRM – Business intelligence/business analytics • • • • Data mining Predictive analytics determine relationships OLAP Integrated with: – GIS = geographical preferences – Revenue management optimization software = optimized pricing – Data mining workbench = targets promotions © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-26
Slide 27: CRM • Benefits: – Decrease expense of recruiting customer – Reduce sales costs – Greater profitability through targeting and segmentation – Increase customer retention – Increase customer loyalty – Improve customer service – Customer-focused • Issues: – – – – – – – – – Failure to use software Integration Organizational culture Expensive Adapting business processes Retention of employees Training Allocation of time for deployment Commitment from top management 8-27 © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang
Slide 28: CRM • Success – Often intangible • Improved customer satisfaction – Tangible • • • • • Reduced reporting cycle Reduced expense of doing business Reduced sales cycle Increased productivity Increased sale • Indications – Systems used to meet key customer needs – Make in-depth analysis of customer costs and potential profits – Information linked from disparate business units – Employees empowered to handle customers’ problems © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-28
Slide 29: Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) • Integrated, information driven • Includes all aspects of product’s life • Goals – Streamline development – Increase innovation • Requires integration of independent databases • Shares information about product among different groups, both inside and outside organization © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-29
Slide 30: PLM • Tracks electronic information about life of product • Links together all required processes • Integrates nodules and tools into single application suite – Enhances communication and collaboration – Product data is central component – Repository • Specifications, requirements, design documents, manufacturing plans, and support • Available to all stakeholders at all times © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-30
Slide 31: PLM • Benefits: – Flexibility – Reduced change orders – Improved design – Reduced production times – Reduced time to market – Improved quality control – Collaboration – Centralized repository • Issues: – Support from senior management – User involvement – Training – Integration © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-31
Slide 32: Business Process Management Systems (BPM) • • • • • • Integrates data, applications, and people through business process Streamlined Automates processes Less administration Graphical map of processes Enterprise information portal into business processes – Integrates systems – Provides view of organization’s health and progress – Unifies rules, processes, methods, and workflows • • Benefits – Links legacy systems to newer workflows Issues – Forces review of processes © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-32
Slide 33: Business Activity Monitoring Systems (BAM) • Real time systems monitoring specific facility • Detects opportunities, problems, and threats – Modeling function for solutions – Collaboration – Fast response • Benefits – Recognizing and responding to events – Allows for quick resolution • Issues – Senior management support – Change in business processes – Requires identification of CSFs and proper analytical techniques © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-33
Slide 34: Frontline Decision Support Systems • Frontline decision-making – Automate decision processes and push them down the organization or out to partners • Empowers employees – Incorporates decision-making into daily work • Provides right questions to ask • Locates needed data • Provides metrics for use with data © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang 8-34
Slide 35: Future Developments • • • • • • • • Hardware and software advances Virtual reality Three-dimensional image displays Increased utilization of multimedia Increased collaboration Improved communication Automated support Intelligent agents 8-35 © 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang