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Slide 2: Cisco’s Market Share 40% CISCO 60% D-Link 3 Com Nortel Cygnus Etc..
Slide 3: Router is an internetworking component, that connects networks which are at different geographical locations.
Slide 4: Diagram of 2501 series Router Telephone modem Serial 1 Serial 0 AUI E0 Console AUX V.35 modem PC
Slide 5: Interfaces on a Router
Slide 6: 1. Ethernet It is a LAN interface. Some of the models have an RJ45 port for 10baseT or 10/100. And some other have a 15 pin female connector AUI (Attachment Unit Interface). 2. Serial It is a 60 pin female WAN interface for leased line 3. BRI/PRI It is a RJ45 WAN interface for ISDN 4. Async It is a 37 pin female connector for dial ups. 5. Console It is a RJ45 Connector used to configure the Router for the first time. 6. Auxiliary RJ45 Connector for remote access administration.
Slide 7: Routers Modular Modular Routers Fixed These type of routers have up gradable slots, and the number of ports can be increased just by adding cards in the slots. Fixed Routers These types of routers have fixed number of ports.
Slide 8: Cisco Router’s Series Cisco 700, 800, 1600, 1700, 2500, 2600, 3600, 4000, 5000, 7000,10000, 12000. Fixed 700, 800,….2500 Modular 2600,….., 12000 1750 & 1751 exceptionally are Modular Routers.
Slide 9: Cisco’s Hierarchical Model
Slide 10: Access Layer 700, …, 2500 Distribution Layer 2600, …, 5000 Core Layer 7000, …, 12000
Slide 11: Transceiver
Slide 12: Internal Components of a Router
Slide 14: Boot ROM : It stores the mini IOS (Internet work Operating System) image (RX Boot) with extremely limited capabilities and POST routines and core level OS for maintenance. FLASH : It is an EPROM chip that holds most of the IOS Image. It maintains everything when router is turned off. RAM : RAM holds running IOS configurations and provides caching. RAM is a volatile memory and looses its information when router is turned off. The configuration present in RAM is called Running configuration. NVRAM : It is a re-write able memory area that holds router’s configuration file. NVRAM retains the information when ever router is rebooted. Once configuration is saved, it will be saved in NVRAM and this configuration is called Startup Configuration.
Slide 15: Configuration of a Router Router for the first time is configured through the CONSOLE port.COM port of a PC is connected to the console port of router with a console cable by using a transceiver. Router is accessible by a tool. In windows, it is called HYPER TEMINAL. As soon as the router is powered on and accessed, the following things happen, POST BOOT STRAP FLASH NVRAM Setup Mode ROM (mini IOS) If IOS is Corrupted
Slide 16: In Setup mode, there will be a message, “Would You Like To Enter The Initial Configuration [Y/N]” : If “Y” then, initial configuration starts. If “N” would you like to terminate the auto installation? Press “RETURN” to get started……You will land on the default prompt of the Router “ ROUTER >”. Router>_
Slide 17: Working Modes Of a Router 1. User Mode (Default mode) 2. Privilege or Administrative Mode 3. Global Configuration Mode 4. Interface Configuration Mode 5. Line Configuration Mode 6. Router Mode 7. Sub-Interface Mode
Slide 18: USER MODE Router> is the user mode, I,e the default prompt. It means that when ever a router boots successfully it lands into the user mode. Router cannot be configured from this mode, but it is used for just monitoring purpose. Router> en Router #
Slide 19: PREVILEGE MODE Router# it is the administrating mode, we can check whether the settings and configurations made have been implemented or not. Eg. “Router # Sh int e0”. If it is new router all the interfaces are by default shut down, so the message will be, “ Ethernet 0 is administratively down, line protocol is down.”
Slide 20: Global Configuration Mode As the name indicates, it is a global configuration mode I,e. we can configure any interface from this mode, just by entering into the interface mode. Router# Config t Router (Config)#
Slide 21: The “Clock” Command The clock command is used to set the clock of Router. Syntax. Router# clock set hh:mm:ss Day of week Month Year E.g. Router#clock set 16:35:00 1 April 2003 Note* This is the only configuration which can be done from privilege mode,every other configuration should be done at global configuration mode only.
Slide 22: Some of the important show commands in privilege mode Router# sh clock sh int (interface name eg e0) Sh history Sh memory Sh running-config Sh startup-config To save configuration from RAM TO NVRAM Router#Copy Running-config Startup-config (or) Router#Write Memory
Slide 23: To configure Hostname (or) Identification of Router over the network. Router#conf t Router(config)#Hostname R_2503 Router(config)#^Z To configure Logging banner. Router#conf t Router(config)#Banner Motd # Enter text message………….# Router(config)#^Z
Slide 24: Router Password Configuration 1. Previlege Password 2. Virtual Terminal Password 3. Console Password 4. Auxillary Password
Slide 25: Previlege PASSWORDS Enable Password Enable Secret Enable Password:- It is global command restricts access to the previlege mode, the password is in clear text. Router(config)#Enable password 123 Enable Secret:-Here the password is in encrypted form. Router(config)#Enable secret cisco
Slide 26: Virtual Terminal Password  It establishes a login password on incoming Telnet sessions. Router#conf t Router(config)#Line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#Login Router(config-line)#password cisco Router(config-line)#^Z
Slide 27: Console Password It establishes a login password on the console terminal. Router#conf t Router(config)#Line Console 0 Router(config-line)#Login Router(config-line)#Password cisco Router(config-line)#^Z
Slide 28: Auxillary Password It establishes a login password to remote administration. Router#conf t Router(config)#Line Aux 0 Router(config-line)#Login Router(config-line)#Password cisco Router(config-line)#^Z
Slide 29: CONFIGURING INTERFACES LAN interface (ETHERNET Port) WAN interface (SERIAL Port)
Slide 30: ETHERNET Router(config)#Interface Ethernet 0 Router(config-if)#Ip Address 200.150.1.254 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#^Z Router#Show Int E0