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Slide 1: Paragraph Writing What is a paragraph? What do you think by writing a paragraph?  What would you like to include in a paragraph? 
Slide 2: Basic rules of a paragraph              A paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic. What can help us to write a good paragraph? Keep one idea to one paragraph. What are the basic elements of a paragraph? Unity, Coherence, A Topic Sentence, and Adequate Development. What is unity? Begins with a one focus or major point of discussion. What is coherence? Creating logical bridges and verbal bridges e.g. The same idea of a topic is carried over from sentence to sentence. What is a topic sentence? The topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph. It introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Indicate the reader about the paragraph. What is closing sentence? The last sentence, It restates the main idea of your paragraph.
Slide 3: ORGANIZATION OF THE PARAGRAPH I live in a flat with my family. We have two bedrooms and a living room. We have a garden and we have some flowers there. In weekdays I arrive home at five o'clock and I have lunch. Then I do my homework and go to bed. I had a computer but now it doesn't work. I have a brother and a sister and I think I am very lucky to live with them. Sometimes our relatives visit us. Our flat becomes very crowded sometimes but I like it.
Slide 4: Lacking of the paragraph        A unified Para: All the sentences to be about the main idea of the paragraph. What is main idea of this Para? “The description of your house". Lacking: In weekdays I arrive home at five o'clock and I have lunch. Then I do my homework and go to bed. I had a computer but now it doesn't work.
Slide 5: Coherence: The sentences should be organized in a logical manner  I live in a house in Varanasi. It isn't old or modern. It's a normal Indian house. We can say it is near the Ganga river. It takes about 10 minutes to go to the Ganga Ji side on foot. We have one bedroom, one living room. We also have two other rooms, too. We use them as a dining room. Naturally, we have a kitchen, a bathroom, and a toilet. I live with my parents. And our house has a little garden; my parents spend their time there to grow vegetables and fruit.
Slide 6: Lacking of the paragraph         First, let's see the order of the ideas: 1. Where the house is 2. Type of the house 3. The location 4. The rooms in the house 5. The fact that he lives with his parents 6. The garden Is there any intruder in this Paragraph?
Slide 7: Faulty start ?????? A number of Students are habitual to start writing a paragraph i.e., I am going to tell you about my friend or As you know that I will talk about my friend etc but…..?????????? Take a deep breath before reading it .Let us read this paragraph and identify merits and demerits of this paragraph Friendship I want to talk about friendship. Friends can change your life. So, you must know who is a real friend. Firstly, your friend must understand you and of course, you must understand her, too. I think, another important point in a friendship is confidence. You mustn't tell lies to each other. In addition, you must say everything about yourself. I think these are important for a friendship. If you have a friend like this, you don't break up with her because a real friend is not found easily.
Slide 8: Are you happy with this paragraph or unhappy or so, so……?????? I am really confused. Can you help me to overcome from this confusion by giving some of questions’ answer grinding in my mind????????? Is It a good paragraph?  Is it a complete paragraph about friendship?  Did the writer of this paragraph write even a single meaningful sentence or fall in love with words like ( So, Firstly, I think, In addition etc,etc,etc)?  Did the author write the first point about ?  Did the author think even a single point ? Point to be noted:  We should write our ideas step by step.  Our ideas should be chained in sequence: i.e connected to each other  Bring your first idea on the paper then move for next 
Slide 9: Lacking of the paragraph       Don’t start your paragraph with nonsense sentence i.e. I want to talk about ----------I want to tell you about-------As you know this is very important to talk about-------- plays a great role in our lives. --- -----is a very important issue in today's world.
Slide 10: Have a Look on Complete Paragraph: A ( Running) I enjoy running for many reasons. When I run, I always feel relaxed, and I can get my mind off of everyday stresses like school and work. Running, my favorite sport, is something I enjoy doing alone because I don't get much time to myself. Running is very convenient because I can do it anytime, anyplace, and however I want according to how I feel. Running makes me feel good about myself; moreover, it keeps me healthy and in shape. Most importantly, if I am ever in a bad mood, running is the best thing for me to do because running is my escape from the world. Running is my favorite sport for many reasons.
Slide 11: Have a Look on Complete Paragraph: B (Why Do People Lie?)  One reason people lie is to achieve personal power. Achieving personal power is helpful for someone who pretends to be more confident than he really is. For example, one of my friends threw a party at his house last month. He asked me to come to his party and bring a date. However, I didn't have a girlfriend. One of my other friends, who had a date to go to the party with, asked me about my date. I didn't want to be embarrassed, so I claimed that I had a lot of work to do. I said I could easily find a date even better than his if I wanted to. I also told him that his date was ugly. I achieved power to help me feel confident; however, I embarrassed my friend and his date. Although this lie helped me at the time, since then it has made me look down on myself. (Mo Fung (Jackie) Chan )
Slide 12: Have a Look on Complete Paragraph: C (Describe a Stressful Time in Your Life)  Money causes teenagers to feel stress. It makes them feel bad about themselves and envy other people. My friend, for instance, lives with her family and has to share a room with her sister, who is very cute and intelligent. This girl wishes she could have her own room and have a lot of stuff, but she can't have these things because her family doesn't have much money. Her family's income is pretty low because her father is old and doesn't go to work. Her sister is the only one who works. Because her family can't buy her the things she wants, she feels a lot of stress and gets angry sometimes. Once, she wanted a beautiful dress to wear to a sweetheart dance. She asked her sister for some money to buy the dress. She was disappointed because her sister didn't have money to give her. She sat in silence for a little while and then started yelling out loud. She said her friends got anything they wanted but she didn't. Then she felt sorry for herself and asked why she was born into a poor family. Not having money has caused this girl to think negatively about herself and her family. It has caused a lot of stress in her life. (Developing Composition Skills Mary Ruetten(88)
Slide 13: Have a Look on Complete Paragraph: D (Describe College Life)  Most students like the freedom they have in college. Usually college students live on their own, in the dormitory or in an apartment. This means they are free to come and go as they like. Their parents can't tell them when to get up, when to go to school, and when to come home. It also means that they are free to wear what they want. There are no parents to comment about their hair styles or their dirty jeans. Finally, they are free to listen to their favorite music without interference from parents.
Slide 14: Have a Look on Complete Paragraph: E (Describe Your Favorite Room)  The first thing we did as soon as we came to the U.S.A. about two years ago was to search for an apartment in order not to live with one of our relatives. After looking for one month to find a suitable apartment, I finally found the apartment where we have been living. It includes a living room three bedrooms, and a kitchen. Probably the living room is my favorite room of all because we often gather together there after we come home from work or school. It is a comfortable room for our family. ( Next Page)
Slide 15: Describe Your Favorite Room  Entering the living room from the front door, we can we a new piano in the corner, with a vase of colorful flowers on it. In the opposite corner stands a Sony television, which I bought for my children to watch cartoons and for us to see films and get the daily news. Besides, there is a sofa next to the piano, a loveseat beside the TV, and also a low table between them. This is a comfortable place to sit while we watch TV or talk. On one of the light blue walls is a tranquil picture of the sea. The floor is covered with a dark red carpet, which my children like to play on. They also like to sit on it when they watch TV. The large window is shaded by a light colored curtain, giving the room a soft, bright feeling. A ceiling fan with small lights is hanging from the ceiling, whenever the fan and lights are on, we can see dangling images, which are reflected from the furniture in the room. Generally, our living room is a place where we receive our guest, gather together to discuss any topic and enjoy our leisure time. (Bachvan Doan)
Slide 16: Do you know CODER??? “CODER” is a way to write a good paragraph. It makes your writing task very easy, comfortable and smooth. Let us see: C: Collect your ideas O: Organize your ideas D: Write your first draft E: Edit your work R: Revise your work
Slide 17: Some methods to make sure your paragraph is well-developed:            Use examples and illustrations Cite data (facts, statistics, evidence, details, and others) Examine testimony (what other people say such as quotes and paraphrases) Use an anecdote or story Define terms in the paragraph Compare and contrast Evaluate causes and reasons Examine effects and consequences Analyze the topic Describe the topic Offer a chronology of an event (time segments)
Slide 18: Editing Grammar and Spelling 1. Check your spelling. 2. Check your grammar. 3. Read your essay again. 4. Make sure each sentence has a subject. 5. See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other. 6. Check the verb tenses of each sentence. 7. Make sure that each sentence makes sense.
Slide 19: Editing  Style and Organization 1. Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence. 2. Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea. 3. Make sure you have a closing sentence. 4. Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea. 5. See if your paragraph is interesting.
Slide 20: References:     http://inst.sfcc.edu/~often/ar_index/Bpara.htm Developing Composition Skills –Mary Ruetten(64) Developing Composition Skills –Mary Ruetten (129) Writing Extra: Graham Palmer (CUP,2006) Rajeev Ranjan PGT(ENGLISH) B. Ed(Eng) & PGDTE English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad Email.Id: rajeevbhuvns@gmail.com